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  "title": "Berlin",
  "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin",
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  "extract": "Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the highest population within its city limits of any city in the European Union. The city is also one of the states of Germany, being the third-smallest state in the country by area. Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, bordering Brandenburg's capital Potsdam to the southwest. The urban area of Berlin has a population of 4.5 million, making it the second most populous in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr region, as well as the fifth-biggest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union.",
  "description": "Capital and largest city of Germany",
  "content_full": "This article is about the capital city of Germany. For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation). BerlinCapital city, state and municipalitySpree river, Museum Island, Berlin TV Tower and Berlin Palace in MitteSchloss CharlottenburgSiegessäuleBerlin PalaceBrandenburg GateBerlin CathedralReichstagGendarmenmarkt FlagCoat of armsInteractive map of BerlinBerlinLocation within GermanyShow map of GermanyBerlinLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropeCoordinates: 52°31′12″N 13°24′18″E / 52.52000°N 13.40500°E / 52.52000; 13.40500Country GermanyStateBerlinGovernment • BodyAbgeordnetenhaus of Berlin • Governing MayorKai Wegner (CDU) • Bundesrat votes4 (of 69) • Bundestag seats24 (of 630) (as of 2025)Area • City/State891.3 km2 (344.1 sq mi) • Urban3,743 km2 (1,445 sq mi)Elevation34 m (112 ft)Population (2022 census) • City/State3,596,999 • Estimate (December 2025)3,700,577 • Rank5th in Europe1st in Germany • Density4,109/km2 (10,640/sq mi) • Urban4,679,500 • Urban density1,250/km2 (3,200/sq mi)DemonymsBerliner(s) (English)Berliner (m), Berlinerin (f) (German)GDP (nominal, 2025) • City/State€218.29 billion (US$258.17 billion) • Metro€322.39 billion (US$381.29 billion)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)Area code030GeocodeNUTS Region: DE3ISO 3166 codeDE-BEVehicle registrationBGeoTLD.berlinHDI (2022)0.967very high · 2nd of 16Websiteberlin.de Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the highest population within its city limits of any city in the European Union. The city is also one of the states of Germany, being the third-smallest state in the country by area. Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, bordering Brandenburg's capital Potsdam to the southwest. The urban area of Berlin has a population of 4.5 million, making it the second most populous in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr region, as well as the fifth-biggest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. Berlin was built along the banks of the Spree river, which flows into the Havel in the western borough of Spandau. First documented in the 13th century and at the crossing of two important historic trade routes, Berlin was designated the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1701), Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), German Empire (1871–1918), Weimar Republic (1919–1933), and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). Berlin served as a scientific, artistic, and philosophical hub during the Age of Enlightenment, Neoclassicism, and the German revolutions of 1848–1849. During the Gründerzeit, an industrialization-induced economic boom triggered a rapid population increase in Berlin. Berlin in the 1920s was the third-largest city in the world by population. After World War II and following Berlin's occupation, the city was split into West Berlin and East Berlin, divided by the Berlin Wall. East Berlin was declared the capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Due to its geographic location and history, Berlin has been called \"the heart of Europe\". Berlin is a global city of culture, politics, media and science. Its economy is based on high tech and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, startup companies, research facilities, and media corporations. Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a complex public transportation network. Tourism in Berlin makes the city a popular global destination. Berlin is home to several universities, such as the Humboldt University of Berlin, Technische Universität Berlin, the Berlin University of the Arts and the Free University of Berlin. The Berlin Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe. Babelsberg Studio is the world's first large-scale movie studio complex, and there are many films set in Berlin. Berlin is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Museum Island, the Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin, and the Berlin Modernism Housing Estates. Other landmarks include the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, Potsdamer Platz, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, and the Berlin Wall Memorial. Berlin has numerous museums, galleries, and libraries. The city includes lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs, the largest of which is Müggelsee. About 1/3 of the city's area is composed of forests, parks and gardens, rivers, canals, and lakes. History Main article: History of Berlin For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Berlin. Etymology Berlin lies in northeastern Germany, in an area formerly settled by Slavs which thus exhibits many (Germanized) Slavic-derived placenames to this day (see below). The word Berlin also has its roots in the language of the West Slavs, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- (\"swamp\"). Of Berlin's twelve boroughs, five bear a Slavic-derived name—Pankow, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Treptow-Köpenick and Spandau; furthermore, across the city's 96 neighborhoods, there are 22 which bear a Slavic-rooted name—Altglienicke, Alt-Treptow, Britz, Buch, Buckow, Gatow, Karow, Kladow, Köpenick, Lankwitz, Lübars, Malchow, Marzahn, Pankow, Prenzlauer Berg, Rudow, Schmöckwitz, Spandau, Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow, Steglitz, Tegel and Zehlendorf. Prehistory The area of what is now Berlin has been settled for millennia. A deer mask, dated to 9,000 BCE, is attributed to the Maglemosian culture. Around 2,000 BCE dense human settlements along the Spree and Havel rivers gave rise to the Lusatian culture. Starting around 500 BCE Germanic tribes settled in a number of villages in the higher situated areas of today's Berlin. After the Semnones left around 200 CE, the Burgundians followed. In the 7th century Slavic tribes, the later known Hevelli and Sprevane, reached the region. 12th century to 16th century The oldest seal of Berlin, dating back to 1253 In the 12th century the region came under German rule as part of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, founded by Albert the Bear in 1157. The first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209. German merchants founded two settlements in today's city center – Berlin (or Alt-Berlin; at the site of today's Nikolaiviertel) and Cölln (on the island in the Spree now known as Museum Island). 1237 is considered the founding date of the city. Berlin and Cölln over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the staple right on the two important trade routes. One was known as Via Imperii, and the other trade route reached from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, the two towns formed an alliance with a common external policy, their internal administrations still being separated. In 1326, the territory of Berlin was raided by pagan Lithuanians during the Raid on Brandenburg. Members of the Hohenzollern family ruled in Berlin until 1918, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors. In 1443, Frederick II of Brandenburg initiated the construction of a new royal palace in the twin city of Berlin-Cölln. The protests of the town citizens against the building culminated in 1448, in the \"Berlin Indignation\" (German: Berliner Unwille). Officially, the Berlin-Cölln palace became the permanent residence of the Brandenburg electors of the Hohenzollern dynasty in 1486, when John Cicero took power. Berlin-Cölln, however, had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic League city. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran. 17th to 19th centuries Reichstag building at the end of the 19th century The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 devastated Berlin. One third of its houses were damaged or destroyed, and the city lost half of its population. Frederick William, known as the \"Great Elector\", who had succeeded his father George William as ruler in 1640, initiated a policy of promoting immigration and religious tolerance. With the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, Frederick William offered asylum to the French Huguenots. By 1700, approximately 30 percent of Berlin's residents were French, because of the Huguenot immigration. Many other immigrants came from Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg. Since 1618, the Margraviate of Brandenburg had been in personal union with the Duchy of Prussia. In 1701, the dual state formed the Kingdom of Prussia, as Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg, crowned himself as king Frederick I in Prussia. Berlin became the capital of the new Kingdom, replacing Königsberg. This was a successful attempt to centralise the capital in the very far-flung state, and it was the first time the city began to grow. In 1709, Berlin merged with the four cities of Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichstadt and Dorotheenstadt under the name Berlin, \"Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin\". Between 1700 and 1750, Berlin's population nearly quadrupled, rising from about 30,000 to 113,000. In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (1740–1786), came to power. Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but also, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army. Following France's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in 1806, but granted self-government to the city. In 1815, the city became part of the new Province of Brandenburg. The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany. Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. In 1861, neighboring suburbs including Wedding, Moabit and several others were incorporated into Berlin. In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire. In 1881, it became a city district separate from Brandenburg. 1900–1945 Further information: Greater Berlin Act, 1920s Berlin, Battle of Berlin, West Berlin, and East Berlin German Revolution in Berlin in 1918 In the early 20th century, Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented. At the end of World War I, during the German Revolution, the Weimar Republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building on November 9, 1918. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. The act increased the area of Berlin from 66 to 883 km2 (25 to 341 sq mi). The population almost doubled, and Berlin had a population of around four million. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, technology, arts, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. Hitler wished for a German Reich with a capital city that had a monumental ensemble. The National Socialist regime embarked on monumental construction projects in Berlin as a way to express their power and authority through architecture. Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer developed architectural concepts for the conversion of the city into World Capital Germania; these were never implemented. Berlin hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics for which the Olympic stadium was built. NSDAP rule diminished Berlin's Jewish community from 160,000 (one-third of all Jews in the country) to about 80,000 due to emigration between 1933 and 1939. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Starting in early 1943, many were deported to ghettos like Łódź, and to concentration and extermination camps such as Auschwitz. During World War II, Berlin was the location of multiple Nazi prisons, forced labor camps, 17 subcamps of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp for men and women, including teenagers, of various nationalities, a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust), and the Stalag III-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs of various nationalities. Parts of Berlin – including large parts of the city center – were destroyed in the bombing of Berlin by Allied air raids in 1943–45 and the 1945 Battle of Berlin. The Allies dropped 67,607 tons of bombs on the city, destroying 6,427 acres (26 km2) of the built-up area. Around 125,000 civilians were killed. After the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the former eastern territories of Germany. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, in a similar way to Allied-occupied Germany. The sectors of the western allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin. 1946–Present US and Soviet tanks face each other, taken in 1961 at Checkpoint Charlie.The Berlin Wall (painted on the western side) was a barrier that divided the city from 1961 to 1989. All four Allies of World War II shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Trizone to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed the Berlin Blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949. The founding of East and West Germany in 1949 increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the eastern part as its capital, a move the western powers did not recognize. East Berlin included most of the city's historic center. The West German government established itself in Bonn. In 1961, East Germany began to build the Berlin Wall around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. John F. Kennedy gave his \"Ich bin ein Berliner\" speech on 26 June 1963, underlining the US support for West Berlin. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners travel to West Berlin or West Germany was prohibited by the East German government. In 1971, a Four-Power Agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany. In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became a united city. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the city experienced significant urban development. Walter Momper, the mayor of West Berlin, became the first mayor of the reunified city in the interim. City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first \"all Berlin\" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin. The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the Cold War.German reunification on 3 October 1990, with flags of all German states at the Reichstag On 18 June 1994, soldiers from the United States, France and Britain marched in a parade which was part of the ceremonies to mark the withdrawal of Allied occupation troops, allowing a reunified Berlin. On 20 June 1991, the Bundestag (lower house of the German Parliament) voted to move the seat of the German capital from Bonn to Berlin, and this was completed in 1999. Berlin's 2001 administrative reform merged several boroughs, reducing their number from 23 to 12. Potsdamer Platz, which had been a central traffic and commerce hub in the 1920s, but had been heavily impacted by the wall during partition, became one of Europe's biggest building sites and is now once again one of Berlin's most representative addresses. Several redevelopment projects have taken place, such as the demolition of the Palast der Republik – the former seat of East Germany's parliament – to make way for the Humboldt Forum, a reconstruction of the Berlin Palace on the same site. The traffic infrastructure of Berlin was another post-unification priority, leading to the closure of Tempelhof Airport in 2008, the opening of a new Berlin Hauptbahnhof in 2006, and finally the long-delayed opening of Berlin Brandenburg Airport in 2020 accompanied by the shutdown of Tegel Airport. In 2006, the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin. Geography Main article: Geography of Berlin Topography Satellite image of Berlin The outskirts of Berlin are covered with woodlands and numerous lakes. Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia. The Berliner Urstromtal (an ice age glacial valley), between the low Barnim Plateau to the north and the Teltow plateau to the south, was formed by meltwater flowing from ice sheets at the end of the last Weichselian glaciation. The Spree follows this valley now. In Spandau, a borough in the west of Berlin, the Spree empties into the river Havel, which flows from north to south through western Berlin. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and the Großer Wannsee. A series of lakes also feeds into the upper Spree, which flows through the Großer Müggelsee in eastern Berlin. Substantial parts of present-day Berlin extend onto the low plateaus on both sides of the Spree Valley. Large parts of the boroughs Reinickendorf and Pankow lie on the Barnim Plateau, while most of the boroughs of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and Neukölln lie on the Teltow Plateau. The borough of Spandau lies partly within the Berlin Glacial Valley and partly on the Nauen Plain, which stretches to the west of Berlin. Since 2015, the Arkenberge hills in Pankow at 122 meters (400 ft) elevation, have been the highest point in Berlin. Through the disposal of construction debris they surpassed Teufelsberg (120.1 m or 394 ft), which itself was made up of rubble from the ruins of the Second World War. The Müggelberge at 114.7 meters (376 ft) elevation is the highest natural point and the lowest is the Spektesee in Spandau, at 28.1 meters (92 ft) elevation. Climate Berlin has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfb). This type of climate features mild to very warm summer temperatures and cold, though not very severe, winters. Annual precipitation is modest. Frosts are common in winter, and there are larger temperature differences between seasons than typical for many oceanic climates. Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of 22–25 °C (72–77 °F) and lows of 12–14 °C (54–57 °F). Winters are cold with average high temperatures of 3 °C (37 °F) and lows of −2 to 0 °C (28 to 32 °F). Spring and autumn are generally chilly to mild. Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement. Temperatures can be 4 °C (7 °F) higher in the city than in the surrounding areas. Annual precipitation is 570 millimeters (22 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March. The hottest month in Berlin was July 1757, with a mean temperature of 24 °C (75 °F), and the coldest was January 1709, with a mean temperature of −13 °C (9 °F). The wettest month on record was July 1907, with 230 millimeters (9.1 in) of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with 1 millimeter (0.039 in) of rainfall. Climate data for Berlin (Brandenburg), 1991–2020, extremes 1957–present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 15.1(59.2) 19.2(66.6) 25.8(78.4) 30.8(87.4) 32.7(90.9) 39.9(103.8) 38.3(100.9) 38.0(100.4) 34.1(93.4) 27.7(81.9) 20.9(69.6) 15.6(60.1) 39.9(103.8) Mean maximum °C (°F) 10.6(51.1) 12.4(54.3) 17.9(64.2) 24.0(75.2) 28.4(83.1) 31.5(88.7) 32.7(90.9) 32.7(90.9) 26.9(80.4) 21.5(70.7) 14.8(58.6) 11.2(52.2) 34.8(94.6) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.2(37.8) 4.9(40.8) 9.0(48.2) 15.1(59.2) 19.6(67.3) 22.9(73.2) 25.0(77.0) 24.8(76.6) 19.8(67.6) 13.9(57.0) 7.7(45.9) 4.1(39.4) 14.2(57.5) Daily mean °C (°F) 0.7(33.3) 1.6(34.9) 4.6(40.3) 9.7(49.5) 14.2(57.6) 17.6(63.7) 19.6(67.3) 19.2(66.6) 14.7(58.5) 9.6(49.3) 4.9(40.8) 1.8(35.2) 9.9(49.8) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.2(28.0) −1.8(28.8) 0.4(32.7) 4.0(39.2) 8.2(46.8) 11.7(53.1) 14.0(57.2) 13.5(56.3) 9.8(49.6) 5.6(42.1) 1.9(35.4) −0.9(30.4) 5.3(41.6) Mean minimum °C (°F) −12.0(10.4) −9.5(14.9) −5.8(21.6) −2.6(27.3) 1.7(35.1) 6.3(43.3) 8.9(48.0) 8.1(46.6) 3.9(39.0) −1.3(29.7) −5.0(23.0) −8.9(16.0) −14.2(6.4) Record low °C (°F) −25.3(−13.5) −22.0(−7.6) −19.1(−2.4) −7.4(18.7) −2.8(27.0) 1.3(34.3) 4.9(40.8) 4.6(40.3) −0.9(30.4) −7.7(18.1) −17.8(0.0) −24.0(−11.2) −25.3(−13.5) Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.5(1.63) 30.0(1.18) 35.9(1.41) 27.7(1.09) 52.8(2.08) 60.2(2.37) 70.0(2.76) 52.4(2.06) 43.6(1.72) 40.3(1.59) 38.8(1.53) 39.1(1.54) 532.3(20.96) Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 15.8 13.9 14.0 10.9 12.8 12.4 13.4 12.7 11.6 13.6 14.5 16.4 162 Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) 8.4 6.8 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 4.9 24.3 Average relative humidity (%) 85.9 81.2 75.8 67.2 66.9 66.3 67.0 68.5 76.0 82.7 87.8 87.5 76.1 Mean monthly sunshine hours 52.6 77.9 126.7 196.4 231.1 232.9 233.7 222.2 168.9 113.8 57.4 45.0 1,758.6 Source 1: Data derived from Deutscher Wetterdienst Source 2: NCEI(days with precipitation and snow, humidity) Climate data for Berlin (Dahlem), 58 m or 190 ft, 1961–1990 normals, extremes 1908–present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 15.2(59.4) 18.6(65.5) 25.1(77.2) 30.9(87.6) 33.3(91.9) 39.5(103.1) 37.9(100.2) 37.7(99.9) 34.2(93.6) 27.5(81.5) 19.5(67.1) 15.7(60.3) 39.5(103.1) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.8(35.2) 3.5(38.3) 7.9(46.2) 13.1(55.6) 18.6(65.5) 21.8(71.2) 23.1(73.6) 22.8(73.0) 18.7(65.7) 13.3(55.9) 7.0(44.6) 3.2(37.8) 12.9(55.2) Daily mean °C (°F) −0.4(31.3) 0.6(33.1) 4.0(39.2) 8.4(47.1) 13.5(56.3) 16.7(62.1) 17.9(64.2) 17.2(63.0) 13.5(56.3) 9.3(48.7) 4.6(40.3) 1.2(34.2) 8.9(48.0) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.9(26.8) −2.2(28.0) 0.5(32.9) 3.9(39.0) 8.2(46.8) 11.4(52.5) 12.9(55.2) 12.4(54.3) 9.4(48.9) 5.9(42.6) 2.1(35.8) −1.1(30.0) 5.0(41.1) Record low °C (°F) −21.0(−5.8) −26.0(−14.8) −16.5(2.3) −6.7(19.9) −2.9(26.8) 0.8(33.4) 5.4(41.7) 4.7(40.5) −0.5(31.1) −9.6(14.7) −16.1(3.0) −20.2(−4.4) −26.0(−14.8) Average precipitation mm (inches) 43.0(1.69) 37.0(1.46) 38.0(1.50) 42.0(1.65) 55.0(2.17) 71.0(2.80) 53.0(2.09) 65.0(2.56) 46.0(1.81) 36.0(1.42) 50.0(1.97) 55.0(2.17) 591(23.29) Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.0 9.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 112 Mean monthly sunshine hours 45.4 72.3 122.0 157.7 221.6 220.9 217.9 210.2 156.3 110.9 52.4 37.4 1,625 Source 1: NOAA Source 2: Berliner Extremwerte Cityscape and architecture Cityscape Aerial photo over central Berlin showing City West, Potsdamer Platz, Unter den Linden and Alexanderplatz Potsdamer Platz from above \"The Empty Library\", a memorial commemorating the 1933 Nazi book burning at Bebelplatz Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric metropolitan area and an eclectic mix of architecture. The city's appearance today has been predominantly shaped by German history during the 20th century. 17% of Berlin's buildings are Gründerzeit or earlier and nearly 25% are of the 1920s and 1930s, when Berlin played a part in the origin of modern architecture. Devastated by the bombing of Berlin in World War II, many of the buildings that had survived in both East and West were demolished during the postwar period. After the reunification, many important heritage structures have been reconstructed, including the Forum Fridericianum along with the Berlin State Opera, Charlottenburg Palace, Gendarmenmarkt, Alte Kommandantur, as well as the City Palace. The tallest buildings in Berlin are spread across the urban area, with clusters at Potsdamer Platz, City West, and Alexanderplatz. Over 1⁄3 of the city's area consists of green and open space; the Großer Tiergarten, one of the largest and most popular parks in Berlin is located in the city centre. Architecture Main article: Architecture of Berlin Further information: List of sights in Berlin and List of tallest buildings in Berlin The Fernsehturm (TV tower) at Alexanderplatz in Mitte is among the tallest structures in the European Union at 368 m (1,207 ft). Built in 1969, it is visible throughout most of the central districts of Berlin. The city can be viewed from its 204-meter-high (669 ft) observation floor. Starting here, the Karl-Marx-Allee heads east, an avenue lined by monumental residential buildings, designed in the Socialist Classicism style. Adjacent to this area is the Rotes Rathaus (City Hall), with its distinctive red-brick architecture. In front of it is the Neptunbrunnen, a fountain featuring a mythological group of Tritons, personifications of the four main Prussian rivers, and Neptune on top of it. Nearby is the Nikolaiviertel, the reconstructed oldest settlement area in the city. The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany; it stands as a symbol of eventful European history and of unity and peace. The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament. It was remodeled by British architect Norman Foster in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to the parliamentary proceedings and magnificent views of the city. The East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last existing portions of the Berlin Wall. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division. The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. Two similarly designed cathedrals border it, the Französischer Dom with its observation platform and the Deutscher Dom. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals. The Museum Island in the River Spree houses five museums built from 1830 to 1930 and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all museums (James Simon Gallery), as well as reconstruction of the Berlin Palace (Stadtschloss) were completed. Also on the island and next to the Lustgarten and palace is Berlin Cathedral, emperor William II's ambitious attempt to create a Protestant counterpart to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. St. Hedwig's Cathedral is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral. Unter den Linden is a tree-lined east–west avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the Berlin Palace, and was once Berlin's premier promenade. Many Classical buildings line the street, and part of Humboldt University is there. Friedrichstraße was Berlin's legendary street during the Golden Twenties. It combines 20th-century traditions with the modern architecture of today's Berlin. Potsdamer Platz is an entire quarter built from scratch after the Wall came down. To the west of Potsdamer Platz is the Kulturforum, which houses the Gemäldegalerie, and is flanked by the Neue Nationalgalerie and the Berliner Philharmonie. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a Holocaust memorial, is to the north. The area around Hackescher Markt is home to fashionable culture, with countless clothing outlets, clubs, bars, and galleries. This includes the Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996. The nearby New Synagogue is the center of Jewish culture. The Straße des 17. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as the central east–west axis. Its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953. Approximately halfway from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938–39 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag. The Kurfürstendamm is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins. Nearby on Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store. The Rathaus Schöneberg, where John F. Kennedy made his famous \"Ich bin ein Berliner!\" speech, is in Tempelhof-Schöneberg. West of the center, Bellevue Palace is the residence of the German President. Charlottenburg Palace, which was burnt out in the Second World War, is the largest historical palace in Berlin. The Funkturm Berlin is a 150-meter-tall (490 ft) lattice radio tower in the fairground area, built between 1924 and 1926. It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators and has a restaurant 55 m (180 ft) and an observation deck 126 m (413 ft) above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator. The Oberbaumbrücke over the Spree river is Berlin's most iconic bridge, connecting the now-combined boroughs of Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg. It carries vehicles, pedestrians, and the U1 Berlin U-Bahn line. The bridge was completed in a brick gothic style in 1896, replacing the former wooden bridge with an upper deck for the U-Bahn. The center portion was demolished in 1945 to stop the Red Army from crossing. After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. In the mid-1950s, it was closed to vehicles, and after the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, pedestrian traffic was heavily restricted. Following German reunification, the center portion was reconstructed with a steel frame, and U-Bahn service resumed in 1995. Washingtonplatz is located in the Moabit area, on the southern side of Berlin central station, between the train station building and the Spree, linking the station to the parliament and government quarter. The square was refurbished in 2010-2013, covered in Silesian granite and landscaping features added. The 10-storey glass-clad office building known as Cube Berlin, completed in 2020, is on Washingtonplatz. Panorama of the Gendarmenmarkt, showing the Konzerthaus Berlin, flanked by the German Church (left) and French Church (right) James Simon Gallery Berlin Palace/Humboldt Forum The Berlin Cathedral at Museum Island The TV Tower (Berliner Fernsehturm) Brandenburg Gate at night Breitscheidplatz with Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is the center of City West. Schloss Charlottenburg, one of the largest palaces in the world View over Unter den Linden Reichstag building Nikolaiviertel, one of the oldest parts of Berlin Kurfürstendamm Demographics Main article: Demographics of Berlin Berlin population pyramid in 2022 Berlin's population, 1880–2012 At the end of 2024 the city-state of Berlin had 3.897 million registered inhabitants, in an area of 891 km2 (344 sq mi). Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union. In 2021, the urban area of Berlin had a population of over 4.6 million inhabitants. As of 2019, the functional urban area was home to about 5.2 million people. The entire Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has a population of more than 6 million in an area of 30,546 km2 (11,794 sq mi). Historical populationYearPop.±%172165,300— 1750113,289+73.5%1800172,132+51.9%1815197,717+14.9%1825220,277+11.4%1840330,230+49.9%1852438,958+32.9%1861547,571+24.7%1871826,341+50.9%18801,122,330+35.8%18901,578,794+40.7%19001,888,848+19.6%19102,071,257+9.7%19203,879,409+87.3%19254,082,778+5.2%19334,221,024+3.4%19394,330,640+2.6%19453,064,629−29.2%19503,336,026+8.9%19603,274,016−1.9%19703,208,719−2.0%19803,048,759−5.0%19903,433,695+12.6%20003,388,434−1.3%20113,292,365−2.8%20223,596,999+9.3%Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. In 2014, the city-state Berlin had 37,368 live births (+7%), a record number since 1991. The number of deaths was 32,314. Almost 2 million households were counted in the city, of which 54% were inhabited by a single person. More than 337,000 families with children under the age of 18 lived in Berlin. In 2014, the German capital registered a migration surplus of approximately 40,000 people. Nationalities Residents without a migration background in Berlin on 31 December 2020 by district Residents by citizenship (31 December 2023) CountryPopulation Germany2,931,731 Turkey107,022 Ukraine62,495 Poland54,099 Syria48,301 Russia37,815 Italy33,732 India33,257 Bulgaria33,256 Romania28,843 Vietnam25,851 Afghanistan22,172 United States21,743 Serbia21,305 France19,484 National and international migration into the city has a long history. In 1685, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France, the city responded with the Edict of Potsdam, which guaranteed religious freedom and tax-free status to French Huguenot refugees for ten years. The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin. It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9 million to 4 million. Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s. Berlin is home to at least 180,000 Turkish and Turkish German residents, making it the largest Turkish community outside of Turkey. In the 1990s the Aussiedlergesetze enabled immigration to Germany of some residents from the former Soviet Union. Today ethnic Germans from countries of the former Soviet Union make up the largest portion of the Russian-speaking community. The last decade experienced an influx from various Western countries and some African regions. A portion of the African immigrants have settled in the Afrikanisches Viertel. Young Germans, EU-Europeans and Israelis have also settled in the city. In December 2019 there were 777,345 registered residents of foreign nationality and another 542,975 German citizens with a \"migration background\" (Migrationshintergrund, MH), meaning they or one of their parents immigrated to Germany after 1955. Foreign residents of Berlin originate from about 190 countries. 48 percent of the residents under the age of 15 have a migration background in 2017. Berlin in 2009 was estimated to have 100,000 to 250,000 unregistered inhabitants. Boroughs of Berlin with a significant number of migrants or foreign born population are Mitte, Neukölln and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. The number of Arabic speakers in Berlin could be higher than 150,000. There are at least 40,000 Berliners with Syrian citizenship, third only behind Turkish and Polish citizens. The 2015 refugee crisis made Berlin Europe's capital of Arab culture. Berlin is among the cities in Germany that received the biggest amount of refugees after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of November 2022, an estimated 85,000 Ukrainian refugees were registered in Berlin, making Berlin the most popular destination of Ukrainian refugees in Germany. Berlin has an active expatriate community, for instance increasingly students and highly skilled workers from India. Therefore, Berlin sustains a broad variety of English-based speakers. Speaking a particular type of English does attract prestige and cultural capital in Berlin. Languages Main articles: German language and Berlinerisch dialect German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin. It is a West Germanic language that derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. German is one of 24 languages of the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission. Berlinerisch or Berlinisch is not a dialect linguistically. It is spoken in Berlin and the surrounding metropolitan area. It originates from a Brandenburgish variant. The dialect is now seen more like a sociolect, largely through increased immigration and trends among the educated population to speak standard German in everyday life. The most commonly spoken foreign languages in Berlin are Turkish, Polish, English, Persian, Arabic, Italian, Bulgarian, Russian, Romanian, Kurdish, Serbo-Croatian, French, Spanish and Vietnamese. Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, and Serbo-Croatian are heard more often in the western part due to the large Middle Eastern and former-Yugoslavian communities. Polish, English, Russian, and Vietnamese have more native speakers in East Berlin. Religion Main article: Religion in Berlin (2022) Not religious/Atheist 72 (70.9%) EKD Protestants 15 (14.8%) Catholics 9 (8.87%) Islam 4 (3.94%) Jewish 1 (0.99%) Other 0.5 (0.49%) On the report of the 2011 census, approximately 37 percent of the population reported being members of a legally-recognized church or religious organization. The rest either did not belong to such an organization, or there was no information available about them. The largest religious denomination recorded in 2010 was the Protestant regional church body—the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO)—a united church. EKBO is a member of the Protestant Church in Germany (EKD) and of the Union of Protestant Churches in the EKD (UEK). According to the EKBO, their membership accounted for 19% of the local population, while the Roman Catholic Church had 9% of residents registered as its members. About 3% of the population identify with other Christian denominations (mostly Eastern Orthodox, but also various Protestants). According to the Berlin residents register, in 2018 15% were members of the Evangelical Church, and 9% were members of the Catholic Church. The government keeps a register of members of these churches for tax purposes, because it collects church tax on behalf of the churches. It does not keep records of members of other religious organizations which may collect their own church tax, in this way. In 2009, approximately 249,000 Muslims were reported by the Office of Statistics to be members of mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin, while in 2016, the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed Ramadan in Berlin. In 2019, about 437,000 registered residents, 12% of the total, reported having a migration background from one of the Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Between 1992 and 2011 the Muslim population almost doubled. About 1% of Berliners belong to other religions. Of the estimated population of 30,000–45,000 Jewish residents, approximately 12,000 are registered members of religious organizations. Berlin is the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Berlin and EKBO's elected chairperson is titled the bishop of EKBO. Furthermore, Berlin is the seat of many Orthodox cathedrals, such as the Cathedral of St. Boris the Baptist, one of the two seats of the Bulgarian Orthodox Diocese of Western and Central Europe, and the Resurrection of Christ Cathedral of the Diocese of Berlin (Patriarchate of Moscow). The faithful of the different religions and denominations maintain many places of worship in Berlin. The Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church has 8 parishes of different sizes in Berlin. There are 36 Baptist congregations (within Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany), 29 New Apostolic Churches, 15 United Methodist churches, 8 Free Evangelical Congregations, four Churches of Christ, Scientist (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 11th), 6 congregations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an Old Catholic church, and an Anglican church in Berlin. Berlin has more than 80 mosques, 10 synagogues, and 2 Buddhist as well as 4 Hindu temples. Berlin Cathedral St. Nicholas Church, Berlin New Synagogue Şehitlik Mosque St. Hedwig's Cathedral Blaschkoallee Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Hindu temple Government and politics Main articles: Politics of Berlin and Berlin Police City state Since German reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city-states among the present 16 states of Germany. The Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin (House of Representatives) functions as the city and state parliament, which has 141 seats. Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin). The Senate consists of the Governing Mayor of Berlin (Regierender Bürgermeister), and up to ten senators holding ministerial positions, two of them holding the title of \"Mayor\" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor. The total annual budget of Berlin in 2015 exceeded €24.5 ($30) billion including a budget surplus of €205 ($240) million. The state of Berlin owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies. The state of Berlin runs a real estate portal to advertise commercial spaces or land suitable for redevelopment. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election. From the 2016 state election until the 2023 state election, there was a coalition between the Social Democratic Party, the Greens and the Left Party. Since April 2023, the government has been formed by a coalition between the Christian Democrats and the Social Democrats. The Governing Mayor is simultaneously Lord Mayor of the City of Berlin (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and Minister President of the State of Berlin (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes). The office of the Governing Mayor is in the Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall). Since 2023, this office has been held by Kai Wegner of the Christian Democrats. He is the first conservative mayor in Berlin in more than two decades. Red Town Hall Charlottenburg Town Hall Rathaus Spandau Boroughs Main article: Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin Berlin's 12 boroughs and their 96 neighborhoods Berlin is subdivided into 12 boroughs or districts (Bezirke). Each borough has several subdistricts or neighborhoods (Ortsteile), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. These subdistricts became urbanized and incorporated into the city later on. Many residents strongly identify with their neighborhoods, colloquially called Kiez. At present, Berlin consists of 96 subdistricts, which are commonly made up of several smaller residential areas or quarters. Each borough is governed by a borough council (Bezirksamt) consisting of five councilors (Bezirksstadträte) including the borough's mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). The council is elected by the borough assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). However, the individual boroughs are not independent municipalities, but subordinate to the Senate of Berlin. The borough's mayors make up the council of mayors (Rat der Bürgermeister), which is led by the city's Governing Mayor and advises the Senate. The neighborhoods have no local government bodies. City partnerships For a more comprehensive list, see List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany. Berlin to this day maintains official partnerships with 17 cities. Town twinning between West Berlin and other cities began with its sister city Los Angeles, California, in 1967. East Berlin's partnerships were canceled at the time of German reunification. Capital city Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. The President of Germany, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the German constitution, has their official residence in Bellevue Palace. Berlin is the seat of the German Chancellor (Bundeskanzler), housed in the Chancellery building, the Bundeskanzleramt. Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government's relocation to Berlin in 1998. The Bundesrat (\"federal council\", performing the function of an upper house) is the representation of the 16 constituent states (Länder) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian House of Lords. The total annual federal budget managed by the German government exceeded €310 ($375) billion in 2013 and grew to over €524 ($606) billion in 2026 . The relocation of the federal government and Bundestag to Berlin was mostly completed in 1999. However, some ministries, as well as some minor departments, stayed in the federal city Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. Discussions about moving the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue. The Federal Foreign Office and the ministries and departments of Defense, Justice and Consumer Protection, Finance, Interior, Economic Affairs and Energy, Labor and Social Affairs, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Food and Agriculture, Economic Cooperation and Development, Health, Transport and Digital Infrastructure and Education and Research are based in the capital. Embassies Berlin hosts in total 158 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many think tanks, trade unions, nonprofit organizations, lobbying groups, and professional associations. Frequent official visits and diplomatic consultations among governmental representatives and national leaders are common in contemporary Berlin. Economy Main article: Economy of Berlin In 2025, Berlin's GDP amounted to €218.3 billion and grew by 1.1% in real terms from the previous year. Between 2013 and 2025, Berlin's annual real GDP growth exceeded the national rate in every year, with the service sector providing the main contribution to growth. Berlin's unemployment rate declined from its peak of 18.3% in 2005 to 7.8% in 2019. It rose during the COVID-19 pandemic and, after a temporary decline in 2022, increased to an annual average of 10.3% in 2025. Important economic sectors in Berlin include life sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, hotel business, and medical engineering. Research and development have economic significance for the city. Several major corporations like Volkswagen, Pfizer, and SAP operate innovation laboratories in the city. The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue. Within the eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments. Companies Deutsche Bahn, the largest railway company in the world, is headquartered in Berlin.Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, the European Union's second-largest financial services group, has its headquarters in Berlin. Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders. In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe. Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, largest railway company in the world, the hospital providers Charité and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens and Deutsche Telekom. Siemens, a Global 500 and DAX-listed company is partly headquartered in Berlin. Other DAX-listed companies headquartered in Berlin are the property company Deutsche Wohnen, the online fashion retailer Zalando and the online food delivery service Delivery Hero. The national railway operator Deutsche Bahn, Europe's largest digital publisher Axel Springer as well as the MDAX-listed firm HelloFresh and also have their main headquarters in the city. Among the largest international corporations who have their German or European headquarters in Berlin are Bombardier Transportation, Securing Energy for Europe, Coca-Cola, Pfizer, Sony and TotalEnergies. As of 2023, Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, a network of public banks that together form the largest financial services group in Germany and in all of Europe, is headquartered in Berlin. The Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken has its headquarters in Berlin, managing around 1.2 trillion euros. The three largest banks in the capital are Deutsche Kreditbank, Landesbank Berlin and Berlin Hyp. Mercedes-Benz Group manufactures cars, and BMW builds motorcycles in Berlin. In 2022, American electric car manufacturer Tesla opened its first European Gigafactory outside the city borders in Grünheide (Mark), Brandenburg. The Pharmaceuticals division of Bayer and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies in the city. Tourism and conventions For a more comprehensive list, see List of tourist attractions in Berlin. Berlin had 788 hotels with 134,399 beds in 2014. The city recorded 28.7 million overnight hotel stays and 11.9 million hotel guests in 2014. Tourism figures have more than doubled within the last ten years and Berlin has become the 3rd-most-visited city destination in Europe. Some of the most visited places in Berlin include: Potsdamer Platz, Brandenburger Tor, the Berlin wall, Alexanderplatz, Museumsinsel, Fernsehturm, the East-Side Gallery, Schloss-Charlottenburg, Zoologischer Garten, Siegessäule, Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer, Mauerpark, Botanical Garden, Französischer Dom, Deutscher Dom and Holocaust-Mahnmal. The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States. According to figures from the International Congress and Convention Association in 2015, Berlin became the leading organizer of conferences globally, hosting 195 international meetings. Some of these congress events take place on venues such as CityCube Berlin or the Berlin Congress Center (bcc). The Messe Berlin (also known as Berlin ExpoCenter City) is the main convention organizing company in the city. Its main exhibition area covers more than 160,000 square meters (1,722,226 sq ft). Several large-scale trade fairs like the consumer electronics trade fair IFA, where the first practical audio tape recorder and the first completely electronic television system were first introduced to the public, the ILA Berlin Air Show, the Berlin Fashion Week (including the Premium Berlin and the Panorama Berlin), the Green Week, the Fruit Logistica, the transport fair InnoTrans, the tourism fair ITB and the adult entertainment and erotic fair Venus are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors. Berlin Fashion WeekIFA is one of Europe's leading trade shows for consumer electronics. Creative industries For a more comprehensive list, see List of films set in Berlin. The European Film Academy (logo pictured) was founded in Berlin. Postfuhramt in Berlin-Mitte, where Ottomar Anschütz held the first showing of life sized pictures in motion on 25 November 1894 The creative arts and entertainment business is an important part of Berlin's economy. The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software, TV, radio, and video games. In 2014, around 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, predominantly SMEs. Generating a revenue of 15.6 billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year. Berlin is an important European and German film industry hub. It is home to more than 1,000 film and television production companies, 270 movie theaters, and around 300 national and international co-productions are filmed in the region every year. The historic Babelsberg Studios and the production company UFA are adjacent to Berlin in Potsdam. The city is also home of the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the European Film Academy, founded in 1988. Media Main article: Media in Berlin Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. In addition, around 20 news agencies, more than 90 regional daily newspapers and their websites, as well as the Berlin offices of more than 22 national publications such as Der Spiegel, and Die Zeit reinforce the capital's position as Germany's epicenter for influential debate. Therefore, many international journalists, bloggers, and writers live and work in the city. Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations. The public broadcaster RBB has its headquarters in Berlin as well as the commercial broadcasters MTV Europe and Welt. German international public broadcaster Deutsche Welle has its TV production unit in Berlin, and most national German broadcasters have a studio in the city, including ZDF and RTL. Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local broadsheets (Berliner Morgenpost, Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel), and three major tabloids, as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as Die Welt, Neues Deutschland, and Die Tageszeitung. The Berliner, a monthly magazine, is Berlin's English-language periodical and La Gazette de Berlin a French-language newspaper. Berlin is also home to several major German-language publishing houses, including Walter de Gruyter, Springer, Suhrkamp, and Cornelsen. Quality of life In a 2023 European Commission survey, 86% of respondents in Berlin were satisfied with the city as a place to live. The survey also found that 83% were satisfied with their personal job situation. In the 2025 Global Power City Index, Berlin ranked fourth in the livability category among 48 cities. The category covers working conditions, the cost of living, safety, health and well-being, and access to everyday services and amenities. Berlin's 2025 Social Report, which covers developments through 2023, found that around 20% of residents were at risk of poverty. It also found that a similar share of households spent at least 40% of their income on rent and associated charges. Transport Main article: Transport in Berlin Airports Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER) at nightBerlin is served by Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER), an international airport in Schönefeld, Brandenburg, located just outside Berlin's south-eastern border. Construction began in 2006, and the airport opened in October 2020 after extensive delays and cost overruns, consolidating commercial air traffic from Tegel Airport and Schönefeld Airport at a single site. In 2025, BER handled 26.1 million passengers and was Germany's third-busiest airport. The airport can be further expanded to accommodate up to 55 million passengers annually by 2040. BER Airport station, located beneath Terminal 1, is served by the Berlin S-Bahn, regional and long-distance trains, and the Airport Express (FEX). Since December 2025, the FEX has connected the airport with Berlin Hauptbahnhof in approximately 23 minutes. Until its closure in 2008, Berlin was also served by Tempelhof Airport. Its former airfield opened as the public park Tempelhofer Feld in 2010. Roads Berlin's transport infrastructure provides a diverse range of urban mobility. A total of 979 bridges cross 197 km (122 miles) the inner-city waterways. Berlin roads total 5,422 km (3,369 miles) of which 77 km (48 miles) are motorways (known as Autobahn). In 2013 only 1.344 million motor vehicles were registered in the city. With 377 cars per 1000 residents in 2013 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a Western global city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita. Rail DB Station Potsdamer Platz Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Berlin Central Station) Long-distance rail lines directly connect Berlin with all of the major cities of Germany. The regional rail lines of the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg provide access to Brandenburg and to the Baltic Sea. The Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Berlin Central Station) is the largest grade-separated railway station in Europe. The Deutsche Bahn runs the high speed Intercity-Express (ICE) to domestic destinations, including Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Stuttgart, and Frankfurt am Main. Water transport The Spree and the Havel rivers cross Berlin. There are no frequent passenger connections to and from Berlin by water. Berlin's largest inland port, the Westhafen, is located in the district of Moabit. It is a transhipment and storage site for inland shipping with a growing importance. Intercity buses There is an increasing quantity of intercity bus services. Berlin city has more than 10 stations that run buses to destinations throughout Berlin. Destinations in Germany and Europe are connected via the intercity bus exchange Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin. Urban public transport The Berlin U-Bahn (Metro) at Heidelberger Platz station The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) and the German State-owned Deutsche Bahn (DB) manage several extensive urban public transport systems. System Stations / Lines / Net length Annual ridership Operator / Notes S-Bahn 166 / 16 / 331 km (206 mi) 431,000,000 (2016) DB / Mainly overground rapid transit rail system with suburban stops U-Bahn 173 / 9 / 146 km (91 mi) 563,000,000 (2017) BVG / Mainly underground rail system / 24h-service on weekends Tram 404 / 22 / 194 km (121 mi) 197,000,000 (2017) BVG / Operates predominantly in eastern boroughs Bus 3227 / 198 / 1,675 km (1,041 mi) 440,000,000 (2017) BVG / Extensive services in all boroughs / 62 Night Lines Ferry 6 lines BVG / Transportation as well as recreational ferries Public transport in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th-century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served. Since 1989, the transport network has been developed extensively. However, it still contains early 20th century trains, such as the U1. Cycling Main article: Cycling in Berlin Berlin is well known for its highly developed bicycle lane system. It is estimated that Berlin has 710 bicycles per 1,000 residents. Around 500,000 daily bike riders accounted for 13% of total traffic in 2010. Cyclists in Berlin have access to 620 km of bicycle paths including approximately 150 km of mandatory bicycle paths, 190 km of off-road bicycle routes, 60 km of bicycle lanes on roads, 70 km of shared bus lanes which are also open to cyclists, 100 km of combined pedestrian/bike paths and 50 km of marked bicycle lanes on roadside pavements or sidewalks. Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on Regionalbahn (RE), S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased. Taxicabs Taxicabs in Berlin are yellow or beige. In 2024, around 8,000 taxicabs were in service. Like in most of Europe, app-based sharing cab services are available but limited. Energy Heizkraftwerk Mitte power plant Most of the electricity generated in Berlin comes from combined heat and power (CHP) plants, which also supply the city's district heating networks. Berlin is a net importer of electricity and draws power from neighboring Brandenburg, particularly during summer, when local CHP plants operate at reduced output. The Berlin 380-kV electric line, which crosses the city from Spandau to Marzahn, forms a central part of the city's transmission network. Its connection to the regional grid in 1994 ended West Berlin's operation as a power island. BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme, owned by the state of Berlin since 2024, operates several major CHP plants and the city's largest district heating network, which supplies about one third of Berlin's households. Its largest plants are the coal-fired Reuter West power station and the natural gas-fired Berlin-Mitte power station. Electricity generation from renewable sources in the city is growing, driven particularly by photovoltaics. By the end of 2025, Berlin had 55,861 photovoltaic installations with a combined capacity of 487 MWp. Their estimated annual generation was about 438 GWh, equivalent to approximately 6% of Berlin’s gross electricity generation. Berlin's climate legislation requires the Senate to work toward a phase-out of hard coal by 2030. Health Charité, Europe's largest university hospital Berlin has a long history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology. The modern history of medicine has been significantly influenced by scientists from Berlin. Rudolf Virchow was the founder of cellular pathology, while Robert Koch developed vaccines for anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis. For his life's work Koch is seen as one of the founders of modern medicine. The Charité complex (Universitätsklinik Charité) is the largest university hospital in Europe, tracing back its origins to the year 1710. More than half of all German Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, including Emil von Behring, Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich, have worked at the Charité. The Charité is spread over four campuses and comprises around 3,000 beds, 15,500 staff, 8,000 students, and more than 60 operating theaters, and it has a turnover of two billion euros annually. Education and research Main article: Education in Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin, the world's first modern university, is affiliated with 57 Nobel Prize winners. As of 2014, Berlin had 878 schools, teaching 340,658 students in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere. The city has a 6-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students continue to the Sekundarschule (a comprehensive school) or Gymnasium (college preparatory school). Berlin has a special bilingual school program in the Europaschule, in which children are taught the curriculum in German and a foreign language, starting in primary school and continuing in high school. The Französisches Gymnasium Berlin, which was founded in 1689 to teach the children of Huguenot refugees, offers (German/French) instruction. The John F. Kennedy School, a bilingual German–American public school in Zehlendorf, is particularly popular with children of diplomats and the English-speaking expatriate community. 82 Gymnasien teach Latin and 8 teach Classical Greek. Higher education Main article: Universities and research institutions in Berlin The Free University of Berlin The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in Germany and Europe. Historically, 67 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Berlin-based universities. The city has four public research universities and more than 30 private, professional, and technical colleges (Hochschulen), offering a wide range of disciplines. A record number of 175,651 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2015/16. Among them around 18% have an international background. The three largest universities combined have approximately 103,000 enrolled students. There are the Freie Universität Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) with about 33,000 students, the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) with 35,000 students, and Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) with 35,000 students. The Charité Medical School has around 8,000 students. The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charité make up the Berlin University Alliance, which has received funding from the Excellence Strategy program of the German government. The Universität der Künste (UdK) has about 4,000 students and ESMT Berlin is only one of four business schools in Germany with triple accreditation. The Hertie School, a private public policy school located in Mitte, has more than 900 students and doctoral students. The Berlin School of Economics and Law has an enrollment of about 11,000 students, the Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology of about 12,000 students, and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics) of about 14,000 students. Research The WISTA Science and Technology Park in Adlershof The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the DLR Institute for Planetary Research, the Leibniz Association, the Helmholtz Association, and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities. In 2012, around 65,000 professional scientists were working in research and development in the city. Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities (KIC) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The KIC is based at the Center for Entrepreneurship at TU Berlin and has a focus in the development of IT industries. It partners with major multinational companies such as Siemens, Deutsche Telekom, and SAP. One of Europe's successful research, business and technology clusters is based at WISTA in Berlin-Adlershof, with more than 1,000 affiliated firms, university departments and scientific institutions. In addition to the university-affiliated libraries, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin is a major research library. Its two main locations are on Potsdamer Straße and on Unter den Linden. There are also 86 public libraries in the city. ResearchGate, a global social networking site for scientists, is based in Berlin. Culture Main article: Culture in Berlin The Alte Nationalgalerie is part of the Museum Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Berlin is known for its numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation. The diversity and vivacity of the metropolis led to a trendsetting atmosphere. An innovative music, dance and art scene has developed in the 21st century. Young people, international artists and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Berlin a popular entertainment center in the world. The expanding cultural performance of the city was underscored by the relocation of the Universal Music Group who decided to move their headquarters to the banks of the River Spree. In 2005, Berlin was named \"City of Design\" by UNESCO and has been part of the Creative Cities Network ever since. Galleries and museums For a more comprehensive list, see List of museums and galleries in Berlin. Thutmose, Bust of Nefertiti, Egyptian Museum of Berlin As of 2011 Berlin is home to 138 museums and more than 400 art galleries. The ensemble on the Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is in the northern part of the Spree Island between the Spree and the Kupfergraben. As early as 1841 it was designated a \"district dedicated to art and antiquities\" by a royal decree. Subsequently, the Altes Museum was built in the Lustgarten. The Neues Museum, which displays the bust of Queen Nefertiti, Alte Nationalgalerie, Pergamon Museum, and Bode Museum were built there. Apart from the Museum Island, there are many additional museums in the city. The Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) focuses on the paintings of the \"old masters\" from the 13th to the 18th centuries, while the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery, built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) specializes in 20th-century European painting. The Hamburger Bahnhof, in Moabit, exhibits a major collection of modern and contemporary art. The expanded Deutsches Historisches Museum reopened in the Zeughaus with an overview of German history spanning more than a millennium. The Bauhaus Archive is a museum of 20th-century design from the famous Bauhaus school. Museum Berggruen houses the collection of noted 20th century collector Heinz Berggruen, and features an extensive assortment of works by Picasso, Matisse, Cézanne, and Giacometti, among others. The Kupferstichkabinett Berlin (Museum of Prints and Drawings) is part of the Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin (Berlin State Museums) and the Kulturforum at Potsdamer Platz in the Tiergarten district of Berlin's Mitte district. It is the largest museum of the graphic arts in Germany and at the same time one of the four most important collections of its kind in the world. The collection includes Friedrich Gilly's design for the monument to Frederick II of Prussia. Exterior of Fotografiska Berlin on Oranienburger Str. Berlin hosts several major institutions dedicated to photography, reflecting the city's historical and contemporary engagement with the medium. The Museum für Fotografie, part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin and home to the Helmut Newton Foundation, presents historical and contemporary photographic works alongside the permanent exhibition Helmut Newton's Private Property. Fotografiska Berlin, opened in 2023 in the Kunsthaus Tacheles, focuses on modern and contemporary photography through showcasing local and international photographers alongside public programming. C/O Berlin, located in the Amerika Haus near Zoologischer Garten, is a leading exhibition space for photography and visual media, known for showcasing both established and emerging photographers. Photography also plays a significant role within broader institutions such as the Berlinische Galerie, which integrates photography into its presentation of modern art, and the Kunstbibliothek Berlin, which holds an extensive photographic archive. Additional venues such as the Friedrichshain Photo Gallery contribute to the city's documentary and socially engaged photographic culture. The reconstructed Ishtar Gate of Babylon at the Pergamon Museum The Jewish Museum presents two millennia of German–Jewish history. The Jewish Museum has a standing exhibition on two millennia of German-Jewish history. The German Museum of Technology in Kreuzberg has a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin's natural history museum) exhibits natural history near Berlin Hauptbahnhof. It has the largest mounted dinosaur in the world (a Giraffatitan skeleton). A well-preserved specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex and the early bird Archaeopteryx are at display as well. In Dahlem, there are several museums of world art and culture, such as the Museum of Asian Art, the Ethnological Museum, the Museum of European Cultures, as well as the Allied Museum. The Brücke Museum features one of the largest collection of works by artist of the early 20th-century expressionist movement. In Lichtenberg, on the grounds of the former East German Ministry for State Security, is the Stasi Museum. The site of Checkpoint Charlie, one of the most renowned crossing points of the Berlin Wall, is still preserved. A private museum venture exhibits a comprehensive documentation of detailed plans and strategies devised by people who tried to flee from the East. The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum claimed to be the largest erotic museum in the world until it closed in 2014. The cityscape of Berlin displays large quantities of urban street art. It has become a significant part of the city's cultural heritage and has its roots in the graffiti scene of Kreuzberg of the 1980s. The Berlin Wall itself has become one of the largest open-air canvasses in the world. The leftover stretch along the Spree river in Friedrichshain remains as the East Side Gallery. Berlin today is consistently rated as an important world city for street art culture. Berlin has galleries which are quite rich in contemporary art. Located in Mitte, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, KOW, Sprüth Magers; Kreuzberg there are a few galleries as well such as Blain Southern, Esther Schipper, Future Gallery, König Gallerie. Nightlife and festivals Berlin's nightlife has been celebrated as one of the most diverse and vibrant of its kind. In the 1970s and 80s, the SO36 in Kreuzberg was a center for punk music and culture. The SOUND and the Dschungel gained notoriety. Throughout the 1990s, people in their 20s from all over the world, particularly those in Western and Central Europe, made Berlin's club scene a premier nightlife venue. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and re-built by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and counterculture gatherings. The central boroughs are home to many nightclubs, including the Tresor and the Berghain. The KitKatClub and several other locations are known for their sexually uninhibited parties. Clubs are not required to close at a fixed time during the weekends, and many parties last well into the morning or even all weekend, including near Alexanderplatz. Several venues have become a popular stage for the Neo-Burlesque scene. Berlin has a long history of gay culture, and is an important birthplace of the LGBT rights movement. Same-sex bars and dance halls operated freely as early as the 1880s, and the first gay magazine, Der Eigene, started in 1896. By the 1920s, gays and lesbians had an unprecedented visibility. Today, in addition to a positive atmosphere in the wider club scene, the city again has a huge number of queer clubs and festivals. The most famous and largest are Berlin Pride, the Christopher Street Day, the Lesbian and Gay City Festival in Berlin-Schöneberg, the Kreuzberg Pride. The annual Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) with around 500,000 admissions is considered to be the largest publicly attended film festival in the world. The Karneval der Kulturen (Carnival of Cultures), a multi-ethnic street parade, is celebrated every Pentecost weekend. Berlin is also well known for the cultural festival Berliner Festspiele, which includes the jazz festival JazzFest Berlin, and Young Euro Classic, the largest international festival of youth orchestras in the world. Several technology and media art festivals and conferences are held in the city, including Transmediale and Chaos Communication Congress. The annual Berlin Festival focuses on indie rock, electronic music and synthpop and is part of the International Berlin Music Week. Every year Berlin hosts one of the largest New Year's Eve celebrations in the world, attended by well over a million people. The focal point is the Brandenburg Gate, where midnight fireworks are centered, but various private fireworks displays take place throughout the entire city. Partygoers in Germany often toast the New Year with a glass of sparkling wine. The Berlinale is the world's largest international spectator film festival. The French Cathedral during the annual Festival of Lights Hanukkah festival at the Brandenburg Gate Performing arts Main article: Music in Berlin Sir Simon Rattle conducting the renowned Berlin Philharmonic Berlin is home to 44 theaters and stages. The Deutsches Theater in Mitte was built in 1849–50 and has operated almost continuously since then. The Volksbühne at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz was built in 1913–14, though the company had been founded in 1890. The Berliner Ensemble, famous for performing the works of Bertolt Brecht, was established in 1949. The Schaubühne was founded in 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfürstendamm in 1981. With a seating capacity of 1,895 and a stage floor of 2,854 square meters (30,720 sq ft), the Friedrichstadt-Palast in Berlin Mitte is the largest show palace in Europe. For Berlin's independent dance and theatre scene, venues such as the Sophiensäle in Mitte and the three houses of the Hebbel am Ufer (HAU) in Kreuzberg are important. Most productions there are also accessible to an English-speaking audience. Some of the dance and theatre groups that also work internationally (Gob Squad, Rimini Protokoll) are based there, as well as festivals such as the international festival Dance in August. Berlin has three opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper. The Berlin State Opera on Unter den Linden opened in 1742 and is the oldest of the three. Its musical director is Daniel Barenboim. The Komische Oper has traditionally specialized in operettas and is also at Unter den Linden. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built in 1895). Contemporary dance can be seen at the Radialsystem V. The Tempodrom is host to concerts and circus-inspired entertainment. It also houses a multi-sensory spa experience. The Admiralspalast in Mitte has a vibrant program of variety and music events. There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra is one of the preeminent orchestras in the world; it is housed in the Berliner Philharmonie near Potsdamer Platz on a street named for the orchestra's longest-serving conductor, Herbert von Karajan. Simon Rattle was its principal conductor from 1999 to 2018, a position now held by Kirill Petrenko. The Konzerthausorchester Berlin was founded in 1952 as the orchestra for East Berlin. Christoph Eschenbach is its principal conductor. The Haus der Kulturen der Welt presents exhibitions dealing with intercultural issues and stages world music and conferences. The Kookaburra and the Quatsch Comedy Club are known for satire and comedy shows. In 2018, the New York Times described Berlin as \"arguably the world capital of underground electronic music\". Cuisine Main article: Cuisine of Berlin Döner kebabA plate of CurrywurstInvented in Berlin, currywurst and modern döner are icons of German popular culture and cuisine. The cuisine and culinary offerings of Berlin vary greatly. 23 restaurants in Berlin have been awarded one or more Michelin stars in the Michelin Guide of 2021, which ranks the city at the top for the number of restaurants having this distinction in Germany. Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian and vegan cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week. Many local foods originated from north German culinary traditions and include rustic and hearty dishes with pork, goose, fish, peas, beans, cucumbers, or potatoes. Typical Berliner fare include popular street food like the Currywurst (which gained popularity with postwar construction workers rebuilding the city), Buletten and the Berliner donut, known in Berlin as Pfannkuchen (German: [ˈp͡fanˌkuːxn̩] ⓘ). German bakeries offering a variety of breads and pastries are widespread. One of Europe's largest delicatessen markets is found at the KaDeWe, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is Rausch. Berlin is also home to a diverse gastronomy scene reflecting the immigrant history of the city. Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the lahmacun and falafel, which have become common fast food staples. The modern fast-food version of the doner kebab sandwich which evolved in Berlin in the 1970s, has since become a favorite dish in Germany and elsewhere in the world. Asian cuisine like Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Indian, Korean, and Japanese restaurants, as well as Spanish tapas bars, Italian, and Greek cuisine, can be found in many parts of the city. Recreation Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844. It is the most visited zoo in Europe and presents the most diverse range of species in the world. It was the home of the captive-born celebrity polar bear Knut. The city's other zoo, Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, was founded in 1955. Berlin's Botanischer Garten includes the Botanic Museum Berlin. With an area of 43 hectares (110 acres) and around 22,000 different plant species, it is one of the largest and most diverse collections of botanical life in the world. Other gardens in the city include the Britzer Garten, and the Gärten der Welt (Gardens of the World) in Marzahn. The Tiergarten park in Mitte, with landscape design by Peter Joseph Lenné, is one of Berlin's largest and most popular parks. In Kreuzberg, the Viktoriapark provides a viewing point over the southern part of inner-city Berlin. Treptower Park, beside the Spree in Treptow, features a large Soviet War Memorial. The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema and several sports areas. Tempelhofer Feld, the site of the former city airport, is the world's largest inner-city open space. Potsdam is on the southwestern periphery of Berlin. The city was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser until 1918. The area around Potsdam, in particular Sanssouci, is known for a series of interconnected lakes and cultural landmarks. The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin are the largest World Heritage Site in Germany. Berlin is also well known for its numerous cafés, street musicians, beach bars along the Spree River, flea markets, boutique shops and pop-up stores, which provide recreation and leisure opportunities. The Elephant Gate at the Berlin Zoo The Victory Column in Tiergarten Inside Tiergarten (park) Inside Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Sports Main article: Sport in Berlin The Olympiastadion hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, the 2006 FIFA World Cup final, and the UEFA Euro 2024 final. The Berlin Marathon is the current second world record course (world record course is as of August 2024 Chicago Marathon). Uber Arena (formerly O2 World Berlin, later Mercedes-Benz Arena) Berlin has established a high-profile as a host city of major international sporting events. The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final. The World Athletics Championships was held at Olympiastadion in 2009. The city hosted the Euroleague Final Four basketball competition in 2009 and 2016, and was one of the hosts of FIBA EuroBasket 2015. In 2015 Berlin was the venue for the UEFA Champions League Final. The city bid to host the 2000 Summer Olympics but lost to Sydney. Berlin hosted the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games. This is the first time Germany has ever hosted the Special Olympics World Games. The annual Berlin Marathon – a course that holds the most top-10 world record runs – and the ISTAF are well-established athletic events in the city. The Mellowpark in Köpenick is one of the biggest skate and BMX parks in Europe. A fan fest at Brandenburg Gate, which attracts several hundreds of thousands of spectators, has become popular during international football competitions, such as the UEFA European Championship. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, who is often hailed as the \"father of modern gymnastics\", invented the horizontal bar, parallel bars, rings, and the vault around 1811 in Berlin. Jahn's Turners movement, first realized at Volkspark Hasenheide, was the origin of modern sports clubs. In 2013, around 600,000 Berliners were registered in one of the more than 2,300 sport and fitness clubs. The city of Berlin operates more than 60 public indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Berlin is the largest Olympic training center in Germany, with around 500 top athletes (15% of all German top athletes) being based there. 47 elite athletes participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Berliners would achieve 7 gold, 12 silver, and 3 bronze medals. Several professional clubs representing the most important spectator team sports in Germany are based in Berlin. The oldest and most popular first-division team based in Berlin is the football club Hertha BSC. The team represented Berlin as a founding member of the Bundesliga in 1963. Other professional team sport clubs include: Club(s) Sport(s) Founded League(s) Venue(s) 1. FC Union Berlin Football 1966 Bundesliga Stadion An der Alten Försterei Hertha BSC Football 1892 2. Bundesliga Olympiastadion ALBA Berlin Basketball 1991 BBL Uber Arena Berlin Thunder American football 2021 ELF Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark Eisbären Berlin Ice hockey 1954 DEL Uber Arena Füchse Berlin Handball 1891 HBL Max-Schmeling-Halle Berlin Recycling Volleys Volleyball 1991 Bundesliga Max-Schmeling-Halle Berliner Hockey Club Lacrosse 2005 Bundesliga Ernst-Reuter-Feld Berliner RC Rugby Union 1926 Rugby-Bundesliga Sportanlage Jungfernheide RK 03 Berlin Rugby Union 1967 Rugby-Bundesliga Stadion Buschallee FC Liria Berlin Futsal 1985 Futsal Bundesliga Bezirkssporthalle Neukölln - Werner-Seelenbinder-Sportpark See also List of fiction set in Berlin List of honorary citizens of Berlin List of people from Berlin List of songs about Berlin References Notes ↑ English: /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ⓘ bur-LIN; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] ⓘ. Citations 1 2 3 \"Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken\". Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. 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Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022. ↑ \"Berlin – Urban Art – visitBerlin.de EN\". Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. ↑ \"One Wall Down, Thousands to Paint\". The New York Times. 2 March 2008. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2017. ↑ \"Graffiti in the death strip: the Berlin wall's first street artist tells his story\". The Guardian. 3 April 2014. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2016. ↑ \"The 26 Best Cities in the World To See Street Art\". The Huffington Post. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015. ↑ Wasacz, Walter (11 October 2004). \"Losing your mind in Berlin\". Metro Times. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2006. ↑ \"Berlin, Berlin, the city of sin. The city that never sleeps, or better yet, where you never have to sleep\". Decoded Magazine. 5 January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022. ↑ \"Art of Now – Berlin's Nightlife – BBC Sounds\". BBC. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020. ↑ Krauss, Kenneth (2004). The drama of fallen France: reading la comédie sans tickets. Albany, NY: State University of New York. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7914-5953-9. ↑ Ross, Alex (26 January 2015). \"Berlin Story – The New Yorker\". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016. ↑ \"Berlin for Gays and Lesbians\". 7 October 2006. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"European Film Academy\". European Film Academy. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"Berlin Film Festival\". Berlinale.de. Archived from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"English Summary\". Karneval-berlin.de. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ Berlin Festival Archived 14 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine website ↑ Berlin Music Week Archived 10 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine website ↑ Charlotte Higgins and Ben Aris in Berlin (29 April 2004). \"Is Rattle's Berlin honeymoon over?\". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ Wakin, Daniel J. (25 September 2005). \"Music: Berlin\". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 August 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) ↑ D. \"Haus der Kulturen der Welt\". Hkw.de. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ Wilder, Charly (21 June 2018). \"In the Capital of Electronic Music, Women Rule the Scene\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2020. ↑ \"MICHELIN Guide, Germany, Berlin Restaurants\". MICHELIN Guide. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021. ↑ \"Good Taste Award Winner 2015: Berlin, The New Vegetarian Capital\". SAVEUR. 5 September 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016. ↑ \"Berlin: Vegan capital of the world?\". DW. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. ↑ \"Berlin's booming food scene\". DW. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. ↑ \"Conscious Food Consumption at Berlin's Restlos Glücklich\". Food Tank. 11 September 2016. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. ↑ Berlin Archived 3 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine German Foods ↑ Paterson, Tony (15 August 2009). \"Spicy sausage that is worthy of a shrine in Berlin\". The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2017. ↑ \"Chocolate Heaven at Fassbender & Rausch\". Luxe Adventure Traveler. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016. ↑ \"History from 1918 to today\". Rausch Chocolate House. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023. ↑ James Angelos (18 April 2012). \"There's Nothing More German Than a Big, Fat Juicy Döner Kebab\". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016. ↑ \"Hauptstadt-Zoo beliebtester Tierpark\". Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg. Retrieved 17 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) ↑ Moore, Tristana (23 March 2007). \"Baby bear becomes media star\". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 April 2007. Retrieved 17 August 2008. ↑ \"Grün Berlin\" [Green Berlin] (in German). Die Grün Berlin GmbH. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011. ↑ \"Peter Joseph Lenné, Senate Department of Urban Development\". Stadtentwicklung.berlin.de. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013. ↑ Paul Sullivan (30 July 2010). \"Volkspark Friedrichshain\". Slow Travel Berlin. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014. ↑ Stephan, Felix (10 December 2012). \"Entfaltung auf dem Rollfeld\". zeit.de. Berlin (Germany). Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2018. ↑ Lee, Denny (10 December 2006). \"36 Hours in Berlin\". Berlin (Germany): Travel.nytimes.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"Melbourne retains ultimate sports city title\". ABC News. 1 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2008. ↑ \"Italy conquer the world as Germany wins friends\". Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. ↑ \"12. IAAF Leichtathletik WM berlin 2009\". Berlin2009.org. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2013. ↑ \"Euroleague Final Four returns to Berlin in 2016\". Euroleague. 11 May 2015. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016. ↑ \"Berlin's Failed Bid to Host the 2000 Summer Olympic Games: Urban Development and the Improvement of Sports Facilities\". June 2009. ↑ \"Berlin, Germany selected to host the 2023 Special Olympics World Games\". Special Olympics. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018. ↑ \"Berlin Marathon\". Scc-events.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"Mellowpark Campus\". urbancatalyst-studio.de. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014. ↑ \"500,000 spectators to watch the game together\". Blogs.bettor.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ Mcintosh, J. S. (2010). Gymnastics. Mason Crest. ISBN 978-1422217344. ↑ Strauss, Michael. \"A History of Gymnastics: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times | Scholastic\". www.scholastic.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019. ↑ Drane, Robert (16 March 2016). \"Friedrich Jahn invented gymnastics' apparatus\". Inside Sport. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019. ↑ \"Ältester Sportverein der Welt wird 200 Jahre\". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024. ↑ \"Der Landessportbund Berlin – Mitglieder\". LSB. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014. ↑ \"Berlin's swimming pools and bathing spots\". New in the City. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016. ↑ \"Sports Metropolis\". Be Berlin. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016. 1 2 \"Hertha BSC\". Herthabsc.de. 27 December 2011. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"Union Berlin\". Fc-union-berlin.de. Archived from the original on 7 February 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"ALBA Berlin\". Albaberlin.de. Archived from the original on 10 May 2000. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"Berlin Thunder\". europeanleague.football. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021. ↑ \"Eisbären Berlin\". Eisbaeren.de. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"Füchse Berlin\". Fuechse-berlin.de. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. ↑ \"Berliner RC\". Berliner.de. Retrieved 1 January 2026. ↑ \"Liria Berlin\". Fciliria.berlin. Retrieved 1 January 2026. Sources Ashworth, Philip Arthur; Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). \"Berlin\" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 785–791. Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Edwin Mellen Pr. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6. Daum, Andreas, ed. (2006). Berlin ‒ Washington, 1800‒2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities. Berghahn. ISBN 978-0-521-84117-7. Daum, Andreas. Kennedy in Berlin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-85824-3. Gill, Anton (1993). A Dance Between Flames: Berlin Between the Wars. John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-4986-1. Gross, Leonard (1999). The Last Jews in Berlin. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7867-0687-7. Large, David Clay (2001). Berlin. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02632-6. Maclean, Rory (2014). Berlin: Imagine a City. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84803-5. Read, Anthony; David Fisher (1994). Berlin Rising: Biography of a City. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-03606-0. Reissner, Alexander (1984). Berlin 1675-1945: The Rise and Fall of a Metropolis, a Panoramic View. Oswald Wolff. ISBN 978-0-85496-140-5. Ribbe, Wolfgang (2002). Geschichte Berlins. Bwv – Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8305-0166-4. Roth, Joseph (2004). What I Saw: Reports from Berlin 1920–33. Granta Books. ISBN 978-1-86207-636-5. Taylor, Frederick (2007). The Berlin Wall: 13 August 1961 – 9 November 1989. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-06-078614-4. External links berlin.de – official website Geographic data related to Berlin at OpenStreetMap",
  "content_html": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html prefix=\"dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ mw: http://mediawiki.org/rdf/\" about=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/revision/1374409979\"><head prefix=\"mwr: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\"/><link rel=\"dc:replaces\" resource=\"mwr:revision/1374234048\"/><meta property=\"mw:revisionSHA1\" content=\"gugoxihgu695g1fwixpuke4zuc5po6j\"/><meta property=\"dc:modified\" content=\"2026-09-11T22:29:52Z\"/><meta property=\"mw:pageNamespace\" content=\"0\"/><meta property=\"mw:pageId\" content=\"3354\"/><meta property=\"mw:htmlVersion\" content=\"2.8.0\"/><meta property=\"mw:html:version\" content=\"2.8.0\"/><base href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"/><link rel=\"dc:isVersionOf\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin\"/><title>Berlin</title><meta property=\"mw:jsConfigVars\" content='{\"wgKartographerLiveData\":{\"_6dad1445db6c1da03d17bdf993b3a98045c1f37c\":[{\"type\":\"ExternalData\",\"service\":\"geoshape\",\"url\":\"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1&amp;ids=Q64\",\"properties\":{\"title\":\"Berlin\",\"fill-opacity\":0.1,\"stroke\":\"#FF0000\",\"stroke-width\":2,\"fill\":\"#606060\"}},{\"type\":\"ExternalData\",\"service\":\"geoline\",\"url\":\"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1&amp;ids=Q64\",\"properties\":{\"stroke-width\":2,\"stroke\":\"#FF0000\",\"title\":\"Berlin\"}}]},\"wgParsoidHtmlVersion\":\"2.8.0\"}'/><meta property=\"mw:generalModules\" content=\"ext.kartographer.staticframe|ext.phonos.init|ext.cite.ux-enhancements|mediawiki.page.media|ext.scribunto.logs\"/><meta property=\"mw:moduleStyles\" content=\"ext.phonos.styles|ext.phonos.icons|mediawiki.page.gallery.styles|ext.cite.parsoid.styles|ext.cite.styles|ext.kartographer.style|mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid\"/><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.phonos.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Csite.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector\"/><meta http-equiv=\"content-language\" content=\"en\"/><meta http-equiv=\"vary\" content=\"Accept\"/><meta http-equiv=\"x-mediawiki-render-id\" content=\"a3d212b4-b09d-11f1-949b-b9dc464d04e8\"/></head><body class=\"mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content mediawiki mw-parser-output parsoid-body\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha22\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\"><section data-mw-section-id=\"0\" id=\"mwAQ\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\" about=\"#mwt1\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Short description\",\"href\":\"./Template:Short_description\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Capital and largest city of Germany\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Capital and largest city of Germany</div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_short_description\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata\"/></span>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt2\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"About\",\"href\":\"./Template:About\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"the capital city of Germany\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt3\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+.mw-empty-elt+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt2\" id=\"mwBA\">This article is about the capital city of Germany. For other uses, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_(disambiguation)\" title=\"Berlin (disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-disambig\">Berlin (disambiguation)</a>.</div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\" id=\"mwBQ\"><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt4\" id=\"mwBg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Use dmy dates\",\"href\":\"./Template:Use_dmy_dates\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"August 2024\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2024\" about=\"#mwt4\" id=\"mwBw\"/>\n<span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt5\" id=\"mwCA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Use American English\",\"href\":\"./Template:Use_American_English\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"August 2024\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Use_American_English_from_August_2024\" about=\"#mwt5\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English\" about=\"#mwt5\" id=\"mwCQ\"/></p>\n<div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\" about=\"#mwt6\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Infobox settlement\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Infobox_settlement\"},\"params\":{\"name\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin\"},\"subdivision_type\":{\"wt\":\"Country\"},\"subdivision_name\":{\"wt\":\"{{Flag|Germany}}\"},\"subdivision_type1\":{\"wt\":\"[[States of Germany|State]]\"},\"subdivision_name1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin|Berlin]]\"},\"type\":{\"wt\":\"Capital city, [[states of Germany|state]] and [[municipalities of Germany|municipality]]\"},\"image\":{\"wt\":\"{{multiple image\\n  | total_width            = 300\\n  | border                 = infobox\\n  | perrow                 = 1/3/2/2\\n  | caption_align          = center\\n  | image1                 = 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Index|2nd of 16]]\"},\"time_zone1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Central European Time|CET]]\"},\"utc_offset1\":{\"wt\":\"+01:00\"},\"time_zone1_DST\":{\"wt\":\"[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]\"},\"utc_offset1_DST\":{\"wt\":\"+02:00\"},\"custom_label_sec2\":{\"wt\":\"[[GeoTLD]]\"},\"custom_data_sec2\":{\"wt\":\"[[.berlin]]\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"{{URL|https://www.berlin.de/en/|berlin.de}}\"},\"governing_body\":{\"wt\":\"[[Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin]]\"},\"leader_title\":{\"wt\":\"[[Governing Mayor of Berlin|Governing Mayor]]\"},\"leader_party\":{\"wt\":\"CDU\"},\"leader_title2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Bundesrat of Germany|Bundesrat votes]]\"},\"leader_name2\":{\"wt\":\"4 (of 69)\"},\"leader_title3\":{\"wt\":\"[[Bundestag|Bundestag seats]]\"},\"leader_name3\":{\"wt\":\"[[Results of the 2025 German federal election#Berlin|24 (of 630)]] &lt;small>(as of 2025)&lt;/small>\"},\"leader_name\":{\"wt\":\"[[Kai Wegner]]\"},\"geocode\":{\"wt\":\"[[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS Region]]: DE3\"},\"area_code\":{\"wt\":\"[[List of dialling codes in Germany#030 – Berlin|030]]{{force singular}}\"},\"registration_plate\":{\"wt\":\"B\"},\"iso_code\":{\"wt\":\"DE-BE\"},\"pushpin_map\":{\"wt\":\"Germany#Europe\"},\"pushpin_relief\":{\"wt\":\"yes\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Place in Germany</div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt6\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_short_description\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_bad_settlement_type\"/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1358620234\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt7\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Infobox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{margin-left:1em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:-3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-hiddenrow,body.skin--responsive.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-hiddenrow{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1314753793\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Infobox settlement/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em}}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;color:inherit;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style></span><table class=\"infobox ib-settlement vcard\" about=\"#mwt6\" id=\"mwCw\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above\"><div class=\"fn org\">Berlin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-subheader\"><div class=\"category\">Capital city, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\">state</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Municipalities_of_Germany\" title=\"Municipalities of Germany\">municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1349637415/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt9\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Multiple image/styles.css\",\"wrapper\":\".tmulti\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner .thumbimage{background-color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*=\"background-color\"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img,html.skin-theme-clientpref-day .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*=\"background-color\"]) span:not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*=\"background-color\"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style></span><div class=\"thumb tmulti tnone center\"><div class=\"multiimageinner\" style=\"width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:290px;max-width:290px\"><div style=\"height:167px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Museumsinsel_Berlin_Juli_2021_1_(cropped)_b.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Museumsinsel_Berlin_Juli_2021_1_(cropped)_b.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Museumsinsel_Berlin_Juli_2021_1_%28cropped%29_b.jpg/330px-Museumsinsel_Berlin_Juli_2021_1_%28cropped%29_b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Museumsinsel_Berlin_Juli_2021_1_%28cropped%29_b.jpg/960px-Museumsinsel_Berlin_Juli_2021_1_%28cropped%29_b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"5464\" data-file-height=\"3186\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"168\" width=\"288\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\">Spree river</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\">Museum Island</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_TV_Tower\" title=\"Berlin TV Tower\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Berlin TV Tower</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Palace\" title=\"Berlin Palace\">Berlin Palace</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mitte_(locality)\" title=\"Mitte (locality)\">Mitte</a></div></div></div><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:113px;max-width:113px\"><div style=\"height:148px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_-_Schloss_Charlottenburg_Reiterstandbild_&amp;_Schlossturm.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_-_Schloss_Charlottenburg_Reiterstandbild_&amp;_Schlossturm.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Berlin_-_Schloss_Charlottenburg_Reiterstandbild_%26_Schlossturm.jpg/120px-Berlin_-_Schloss_Charlottenburg_Reiterstandbild_%26_Schlossturm.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Berlin_-_Schloss_Charlottenburg_Reiterstandbild_%26_Schlossturm.jpg/250px-Berlin_-_Schloss_Charlottenburg_Reiterstandbild_%26_Schlossturm.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"761\" data-file-height=\"1014\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"148\" width=\"111\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schloss_Charlottenburg\" title=\"Schloss Charlottenburg\">Schloss Charlottenburg</a></div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:81px;max-width:81px\"><div style=\"height:148px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_-_Siegessäule1.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_-_Siegessäule1.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Berlin_-_Siegess%C3%A4ule1.jpg/120px-Berlin_-_Siegess%C3%A4ule1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Berlin_-_Siegess%C3%A4ule1.jpg/250px-Berlin_-_Siegess%C3%A4ule1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2532\" data-file-height=\"4764\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"149\" width=\"79\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Siegessäule\" title=\"Siegessäule\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Siegessäule</a></div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:92px;max-width:92px\"><div style=\"height:148px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin-Mitte,_het_Berliner_Schloss_Dm_IMG_5754_2024-09-07_12.46.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin-Mitte,_het_Berliner_Schloss_Dm_IMG_5754_2024-09-07_12.46.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Berlin-Mitte%2C_het_Berliner_Schloss_Dm_IMG_5754_2024-09-07_12.46.jpg/120px-Berlin-Mitte%2C_het_Berliner_Schloss_Dm_IMG_5754_2024-09-07_12.46.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Berlin-Mitte%2C_het_Berliner_Schloss_Dm_IMG_5754_2024-09-07_12.46.jpg/250px-Berlin-Mitte%2C_het_Berliner_Schloss_Dm_IMG_5754_2024-09-07_12.46.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3080\" data-file-height=\"5085\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"149\" width=\"90\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Palace\" title=\"Berlin Palace\">Berlin Palace</a></div></div></div><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:157px;max-width:157px\"><div style=\"height:103px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_-_0266_-_16052015_-_Brandenburger_Tor.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_-_0266_-_16052015_-_Brandenburger_Tor.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Berlin_-_0266_-_16052015_-_Brandenburger_Tor.jpg/250px-Berlin_-_0266_-_16052015_-_Brandenburger_Tor.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Berlin_-_0266_-_16052015_-_Brandenburger_Tor.jpg/330px-Berlin_-_0266_-_16052015_-_Brandenburger_Tor.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4963\" data-file-height=\"3309\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"103\" width=\"155\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg_Gate\" title=\"Brandenburg Gate\">Brandenburg Gate</a></div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:131px;max-width:131px\"><div style=\"height:103px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berliner_Dom_vor_Sonnenuntergang.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berliner_Dom_vor_Sonnenuntergang.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Berliner_Dom_vor_Sonnenuntergang.jpg/250px-Berliner_Dom_vor_Sonnenuntergang.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Berliner_Dom_vor_Sonnenuntergang.jpg/330px-Berliner_Dom_vor_Sonnenuntergang.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"6286\" data-file-height=\"5029\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"103\" width=\"129\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Cathedral\" title=\"Berlin Cathedral\">Berlin Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:145px;max-width:145px\"><div style=\"height:94px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Reichstag_BW_2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Reichstag_BW_2.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Berlin_Reichstag_BW_2.jpg/250px-Berlin_Reichstag_BW_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Berlin_Reichstag_BW_2.jpg/330px-Berlin_Reichstag_BW_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3687\" data-file-height=\"2436\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"94\" width=\"143\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\">Reichstag</a></div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:143px;max-width:143px\"><div style=\"height:94px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:150418_Konzerthaus_Berlin_Gendarmenmarkt.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:150418_Konzerthaus_Berlin_Gendarmenmarkt.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/150418_Konzerthaus_Berlin_Gendarmenmarkt.jpg/250px-150418_Konzerthaus_Berlin_Gendarmenmarkt.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/150418_Konzerthaus_Berlin_Gendarmenmarkt.jpg/330px-150418_Konzerthaus_Berlin_Gendarmenmarkt.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"5462\" data-file-height=\"3641\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"94\" width=\"141\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gendarmenmarkt\" title=\"Gendarmenmarkt\">Gendarmenmarkt</a></div></div></div></div></div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images\"/></span></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data maptable\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1028600610\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt10\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style></span>\n<div class=\"ib-settlement-cols\">\n<div class=\"ib-settlement-cols-row\"><div class=\"ib-settlement-cols-cell\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Flag of Berlin\"}'><a href=\"./File:Flag_of_Berlin.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Flag of Berlin\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Berlin.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/120px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/250px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Flag of Berlin\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"60\" width=\"100\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><div class=\"ib-settlement-caption-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Flag_of_Berlin\" title=\"Flag of Berlin\">Flag</a></div></div><div class=\"ib-settlement-cols-cell\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Coat of arms of Berlin\"}'><a href=\"./File:DEU_Berlin_COA.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Coat of arms of Berlin\"><img resource=\"./File:DEU_Berlin_COA.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/120px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/250px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Coat of arms of Berlin\" data-file-width=\"450\" data-file-height=\"739\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"115\" width=\"70\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><div class=\"ib-settlement-caption-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Coat_of_arms_of_Berlin\" title=\"Coat of arms of Berlin\">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><a class=\"mw-kartographer-map notheme noviewer mw-file-description mw-kartographer-container center\" style=\"min-width: 250px; min-height: 200px;\" data-mw-kartographer=\"mapframe\" data-style=\"osm-intl\" data-width=\"250\" data-height=\"200\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/mapframe\" about=\"#mwt11\" data-overlays='[\"_6dad1445db6c1da03d17bdf993b3a98045c1f37c\"]' id=\"mwDA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"mapframe\",\"attrs\":{\"height\":\"200\",\"frameless\":\"1\",\"align\":\"center\",\"width\":\"250\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"[\\n{\\\"properties\\\":{\\\"title\\\":\\\"Berlin\\\",\\\"fill-opacity\\\":0.1,\\\"stroke\\\":\\\"#FF0000\\\",\\\"stroke-width\\\":2,\\\"fill\\\":\\\"#606060\\\"},\\\"type\\\":\\\"ExternalData\\\",\\\"service\\\":\\\"geoshape\\\",\\\"ids\\\":\\\"Q64\\\"},\\n{\\\"properties\\\":{\\\"stroke-width\\\":2,\\\"stroke\\\":\\\"#FF0000\\\",\\\"title\\\":\\\"Berlin\\\"},\\\"type\\\":\\\"ExternalData\\\",\\\"service\\\":\\\"geoline\\\",\\\"ids\\\":\\\"Q64\\\"}\\n]\"}}'><img class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Berlin&amp;revid=1374409979&amp;groups=_6dad1445db6c1da03d17bdf993b3a98045c1f37c&amp;parser=parsoid\" width=\"250\" height=\"200\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,[email protected]?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Berlin&amp;revid=1374409979&amp;groups=_6dad1445db6c1da03d17bdf993b3a98045c1f37c&amp;parser=parsoid 2x\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwDQ\" data-mw-i18n='{\"alt\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"kartographer-static-mapframe-alt\",\"params\":[]}}'/></a><div class=\"infobox-caption\">Interactive map of Berlin</div></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><div class=\"switcher-container\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1291884410\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt12\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Location map/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap img{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap img{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style></span><div class=\"center\"><div class=\"locmap\" style=\"width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\"><div style=\"width:250px;padding:0\"><div style=\"position:relative;width:250px\"><span class=\"notpageimage noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Berlin is located in Germany\"}'><a href=\"./File:Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Berlin is located in Germany\"><img resource=\"./File:Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg/250px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg/500px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Berlin is located in Germany\" data-file-width=\"1073\" data-file-height=\"1272\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"296\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><div class=\"od notheme\" style=\"top:32.658%;left:79.05%;font-size:91%\"><div class=\"id\" style=\"left:-4px;top:-4px\"><span class=\"notpageimage noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Berlin\"}'><span title=\"Berlin\"><img resource=\"./File:Red_pog.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Berlin\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span></div><div class=\"pl\" style=\"width:6em;right:5px\"><div>Berlin</div></div></div></div><div style=\"padding-top:0.2em\">Location within Germany</div><span class=\"switcher-label\" style=\"display:none\">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1291884410\" about=\"#mwt13\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Location map/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"center\"><div class=\"locmap\" style=\"width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\"><div style=\"width:250px;padding:0\"><div style=\"position:relative;width:250px\"><span class=\"notpageimage noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Berlin is located in Europe\"}'><a href=\"./File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Berlin is located in Europe\"><img resource=\"./File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Berlin is located in Europe\" data-file-width=\"1580\" data-file-height=\"1351\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"214\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><div class=\"od notheme\" style=\"top:53.586%;left:41.144%;font-size:91%\"><div class=\"id\" style=\"left:-4px;top:-4px\"><span class=\"notpageimage noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Berlin\"}'><span title=\"Berlin\"><img resource=\"./File:Red_pog.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Berlin\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span></div><div class=\"pr\" style=\"width:6em;left:5px\"><div>Berlin</div></div></div></div><div style=\"padding-top:0.2em\">Location within Europe</div><span class=\"switcher-label\" style=\"display:none\">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\">Coordinates: <span class=\"geo-inline\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1156832818\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt14\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Coordinates/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class=\"plainlinks nourlexpansion\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Berlin&amp;params=52_31_12_N_13_24_18_E_type:city(3596999)_region:DE\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"geo-default\"><span class=\"geo-dms\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\"><span class=\"latitude\">52°31′12″N</span> <span class=\"longitude\">13°24′18″E</span></span></span><span class=\"geo-multi-punct\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"></span> / <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"></span></span><span class=\"geo-nondefault\"><span class=\"geo-dec\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\">52.52000°N 13.40500°E</span><span style=\"display:none\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"></span> / <span class=\"geo\">52.52000; 13.40500</span></span></span></a></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas\"/></span><meta typeof=\"mw:Extension/indicator\" about=\"#mwt16\" id=\"mwDg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"indicator\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"coordinates\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"&lt;span id=\\\"coordinates\\\">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid\\u0000fragment:20}}&lt;span class=\\\"plainlinks nourlexpansion\\\">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Berlin&amp;params=52_31_12_N_13_24_18_E_type:city(3596999)_region:DE &lt;span class=\\\"geo-default\\\">&lt;span class=\\\"geo-dms\\\" title=\\\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\\\">&lt;span class=\\\"latitude\\\">52°31′12″N&lt;/span> &lt;span class=\\\"longitude\\\">13°24′18″E&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class=\\\"geo-multi-punct\\\">&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span>&lt;span class=\\\"geo-nondefault\\\">&lt;span class=\\\"geo-dec\\\" title=\\\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\\\">52.52000°N 13.40500°E&lt;/span>&lt;span style=\\\"display:none\\\">&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=\\\"geo\\\">52.52000; 13.40500&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>]&lt;/span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span>\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata\"/></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Country</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Germany\" title=\"Germany\">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\">State</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boroughs_and_neighborhoods_of_Berlin\" title=\"Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Berlin</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\">Government<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"></div></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Body</th><td class=\"infobox-data agent\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Abgeordnetenhaus_of_Berlin\" title=\"Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin\" title=\"Governing Mayor of Berlin\">Governing Mayor</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kai_Wegner\" title=\"Kai Wegner\">Kai Wegner</a> (CDU)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundesrat_of_Germany\" title=\"Bundesrat of Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Bundesrat votes</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">4 (of 69)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundestag\" title=\"Bundestag\">Bundestag seats</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Results_of_the_2025_German_federal_election#Berlin\" title=\"Results of the 2025 German federal election\">24 (of 630)</a> <small>(as of 2025)</small></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\">Area<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"><sup about=\"#mwt21\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2_1-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg-2\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2-1\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2-1\" id=\"mwDw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwEA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwEQ\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwEg\">]</span></span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>City/State</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">891.3<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>km<sup>2</sup> (344.1<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>sq<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>mi)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Urban_area\" title=\"Urban area\">Urban</a><div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">3,743<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>km<sup>2</sup> (1,445<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>sq<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>mi)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Elevation<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">34<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>m (112<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>ft)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\">Population<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span></span>(2022 census)<sup about=\"#mwt26\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-2\" id=\"mwEw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwFA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwFQ\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwFg\">]</span></span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>City/State</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">3,596,999</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Estimate<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\">(December 2025)<sup about=\"#mwt31\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Destatis.Population_3-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Destatis.Population\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Destatis.Population-3\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Destatis.Population-3\" id=\"mwFw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwGA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwGQ\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwGg\">]</span></span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">3,700,577</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Rank</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_European_cities_by_population_within_city_limits\" title=\"List of European cities by population within city limits\">5th</a> in Europe<br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population\" title=\"List of cities in Germany by population\">1st</a> in Germany</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Density</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">4,109/km<sup>2</sup> (10,640/sq<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>mi)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Urban_area\" title=\"Urban area\">Urban</a><div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"><sup about=\"#mwt36\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UrbanAgglomerations_4-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UrbanAgglomerations\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UrbanAgglomerations-4\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UrbanAgglomerations-4\" id=\"mwGw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwHA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwHQ\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwHg\">]</span></span></a></sup></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">4,679,500</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Urban<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>density</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1,250/km<sup>2</sup> (3,200/sq<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>mi)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Demonym\" title=\"Demonym\">Demonyms</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Berliner(s) (English)<br/><span title=\"German-language text\"><i lang=\"de\">Berliner</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\"/> (m), <span title=\"German-language text\"><i lang=\"de\">Berlinerin</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\"/> (f) (German)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\">GDP <style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886047488\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt39\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class=\"nobold\">(nominal, 2025)</span><div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"><sup about=\"#mwt42\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-destatis_5-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"destatis\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-destatis-5\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-destatis-5\" id=\"mwHw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwIA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwIQ\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwIg\">]</span></span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>City/State</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">€218.29 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1,000,000,000\" title=\"1,000,000,000\">billion</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_States_dollar\" title=\"United States dollar\">US$</a>258.17 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1,000,000,000\" title=\"1,000,000,000\">billion</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Metro</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">€322.39 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1,000,000,000\" title=\"1,000,000,000\">billion</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_States_dollar\" title=\"United States dollar\">US$</a>381.29 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1,000,000,000\" title=\"1,000,000,000\">billion</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Time_zone\" title=\"Time zone\">Time<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>zone</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UTC+01:00\" title=\"UTC+01:00\">UTC+01:00</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Central_European_Time\" title=\"Central European Time\">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>•<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Summer (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Daylight_saving_time\" title=\"Daylight saving time\">DST</a>)</span></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UTC+02:00\" title=\"UTC+02:00\">UTC+02:00</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Central_European_Summer_Time\" title=\"Central European Summer Time\">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Telephone_numbering_plan\" title=\"Telephone numbering plan\">Area<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>code</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany#030_–_Berlin\" title=\"List of dialling codes in Germany\">030</a><span style=\"display:none\" data-plural=\"0\"></span></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Geocode\" title=\"Geocode\">Geocode</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data nickname\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics\" title=\"Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics\">NUTS Region</a>: DE3</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISO_3166\" title=\"ISO 3166\">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data nickname\">DE-BE</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vehicle_registration_plate\" title=\"Vehicle registration plate\">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">B</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./GeoTLD\" title=\"GeoTLD\" class=\"mw-redirect\">GeoTLD</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./.berlin\" title=\".berlin\">.berlin</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Human_Development_Index\" title=\"Human Development Index\">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">0.967<sup about=\"#mwt47\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-6\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-6\" id=\"mwIw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwJA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwJQ\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwJg\">]</span></span></a></sup><br/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239334494\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt50\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Template:Color/styles.css\"}}'>@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class=\"tmp-color\" style=\"color:green\">very high</span> · <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_German_states_by_Human_Development_Index\" title=\"List of German states by Human Development Index\">2nd of 16</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Website</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span class=\"url\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/en/\" class=\"external text\">berlin.de</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>\n\n<p id=\"mwJw\"><b id=\"mwKA\">Berlin</b><sup about=\"#mwt51\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-8\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"lower-alpha\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"efn\",\"href\":\"./Template:Efn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"English: {{IPAc-en|b|ɜːr|ˈ|l|ɪ|n|audio=Berlin_Voice_rec2.ogg}} {{respell|bur|LIN}}; {{IPA|de|bɛʁˈliːn|lang|small=no|de-Berlin2.ogg}}.&lt;ref name=\\\"Kleiner-2015\\\">{{cite book |last1=Kleiner |first1=Stefan |last2=Knöbl |first2=Ralf |last3=Mangold |first3=Max |year=2015 |title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch |edition=7th |publisher=Duden |page=229 |isbn=9783411040674}}&lt;/ref>\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-8\" data-mw-group=\"lower-alpha\" id=\"mwKQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwKg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwKw\">[</span>a<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwLA\">]</span></span></a></sup> is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Capital_of_Germany\" title=\"Capital of Germany\" id=\"mwLQ\">capital</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population\" title=\"List of cities in Germany by population\" id=\"mwLg\">largest city</a> of Germany. With 3.7 million inhabitants,<sup about=\"#mwt65\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Destatis.Population_3-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Destatis.Population\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Destatis.Population-3\" id=\"mwLw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwMA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwMQ\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwMg\">]</span></span></a></sup> it has the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits\" title=\"List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits\" id=\"mwMw\">highest population</a> within its <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_limits\" title=\"City limits\" id=\"mwNA\">city limits</a> of any city in the European Union. The city is also one of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\" id=\"mwNQ\">states of Germany</a>, being the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_German_states_by_area\" title=\"List of German states by area\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwNg\">third-smallest state</a> in the country by area. Berlin is surrounded by the state of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg\" title=\"Brandenburg\" id=\"mwNw\">Brandenburg</a>, bordering Brandenburg's capital <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdam\" title=\"Potsdam\" id=\"mwOA\">Potsdam</a> to the southwest. The urban area of Berlin has a population of 4.5 million, making it the second most populous in Germany after the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ruhr\" title=\"Ruhr\" id=\"mwOQ\">Ruhr</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt66\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UrbanAgglomerations_4-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UrbanAgglomerations\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UrbanAgglomerations-4\" id=\"mwOg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwOw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwPA\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwPQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin/Brandenburg_Metropolitan_Region\" title=\"Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region\" id=\"mwPg\">Berlin-Brandenburg capital region</a> has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany\" title=\"Metropolitan regions in Germany\" id=\"mwPw\">second-largest metropolitan region</a> after the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rhine-Ruhr\" title=\"Rhine-Ruhr\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwQA\">Rhine-Ruhr</a> region,<sup about=\"#mwt69\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-9\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-9\" id=\"mwQQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwQg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwQw\">[</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwRA\">]</span></span></a></sup> as well as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_EU_metropolitan_areas_by_GDP\" title=\"List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwRQ\">fifth-biggest metropolitan region by GDP</a> in the European Union.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwRg\">Berlin was built along the banks of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\" id=\"mwRw\">Spree</a> river, which flows into the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Havel\" title=\"Havel\" id=\"mwSA\">Havel</a> in the western borough of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spandau\" title=\"Spandau\" id=\"mwSQ\">Spandau</a>. First documented in the 13th century<sup about=\"#mwt70\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Kleiner-2015_7-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Kleiner-2015\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Kleiner-2015-7\" id=\"mwSg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwSw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwTA\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwTQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> and at the crossing of two important historic <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trade_route\" title=\"Trade route\" id=\"mwTg\">trade routes</a>,<sup about=\"#mwt73\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004_10-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Verein für die Geschichte Berlins-2004\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004-10\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004-10\" id=\"mwTw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwUA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwUQ\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwUg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin was designated the capital of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Margraviate_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"Margraviate of Brandenburg\" id=\"mwUw\">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a> (1417–1701), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kingdom_of_Prussia\" title=\"Kingdom of Prussia\" id=\"mwVA\">Kingdom of Prussia</a> (1701–1918), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Empire\" title=\"German Empire\" id=\"mwVQ\">German Empire</a> (1871–1918), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Weimar_Republic\" title=\"Weimar Republic\" id=\"mwVg\">Weimar Republic</a> (1919–1933), and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nazi_Germany\" title=\"Nazi Germany\" id=\"mwVw\">Nazi Germany</a> (1933–1945). Berlin served as a scientific, artistic, and philosophical hub during the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Age_of_Enlightenment\" title=\"Age of Enlightenment\" id=\"mwWA\">Age of Enlightenment</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neoclassicism\" title=\"Neoclassicism\" id=\"mwWQ\">Neoclassicism</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_revolutions_of_1848–1849\" title=\"German revolutions of 1848–1849\" id=\"mwWg\">German revolutions of 1848–1849</a>. During the <i id=\"mwWw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gründerzeit\" title=\"Gründerzeit\" id=\"mwXA\">Gründerzeit</a></i>, an industrialization-induced economic boom triggered a rapid population increase in Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1920s_Berlin\" title=\"1920s Berlin\" id=\"mwXQ\">Berlin in the 1920s</a> was the third-largest city in the world by population.<sup about=\"#mwt76\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-11\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-11\" id=\"mwXg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwXw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwYA\">[</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwYQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwYg\">After <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_War_II\" title=\"World War II\" id=\"mwYw\">World War II</a> and following Berlin's occupation, the city was split into <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Berlin\" title=\"West Berlin\" id=\"mwZA\">West Berlin</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Berlin\" title=\"East Berlin\" id=\"mwZQ\">East Berlin</a>, divided by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Berlin Wall\" id=\"mwZg\">Berlin Wall</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt79\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-12\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-12\" id=\"mwZw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwaA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwaQ\">[</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwag\">]</span></span></a></sup> East Berlin was declared the capital of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Germany\" title=\"East Germany\" id=\"mwaw\">East Germany</a>, while <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bonn\" title=\"Bonn\" id=\"mwbA\">Bonn</a> became the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Germany\" title=\"West Germany\" id=\"mwbQ\">West German</a> capital. Following <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_reunification\" title=\"German reunification\" id=\"mwbg\">German reunification</a> in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Due to its geographic location and history, Berlin has been called \"the heart of Europe\".<sup about=\"#mwt82\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-13\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-13\" id=\"mwbw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwcA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwcQ\">[</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwcg\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt85\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-14\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-14\" id=\"mwcw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwdA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwdQ\">[</span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwdg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Global_city\" title=\"Global city\" id=\"mwdw\">global city</a> of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Culture_in_Berlin\" title=\"Culture in Berlin\" id=\"mweA\">culture</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Politics_of_Berlin\" title=\"Politics of Berlin\" id=\"mweQ\">politics</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Media_in_Berlin\" title=\"Media in Berlin\" id=\"mweg\">media</a> and science.<sup about=\"#mwt90\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-15\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-15\" id=\"mwew\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwfA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwfQ\">[</span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwfg\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Economy_of_Berlin\" title=\"Economy of Berlin\" id=\"mwfw\">Its economy</a> is based on <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./High_tech\" title=\"High tech\" id=\"mwgA\">high tech</a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Service_sector\" title=\"Service sector\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwgQ\">service sector</a>, encompassing a diverse range of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Creative_industries\" title=\"Creative industries\" id=\"mwgg\">creative industries</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Startup_company\" title=\"Startup company\" id=\"mwgw\">startup companies</a>, research facilities, and media corporations. Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Transport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Transport in Berlin\" id=\"mwhA\">a complex public transportation network</a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tourism_in_Berlin\" title=\"Tourism in Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwhQ\">Tourism in Berlin</a> makes the city a popular global destination.<sup about=\"#mwt93\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-16\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-16\" id=\"mwhg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwhw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwiA\">[</span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwiQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwig\">Berlin is home to several universities, such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Humboldt_University_of_Berlin\" title=\"Humboldt University of Berlin\" id=\"mwiw\">Humboldt University of Berlin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Technische_Universität_Berlin\" title=\"Technische Universität Berlin\" id=\"mwjA\">Technische Universität Berlin</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_University_of_the_Arts\" title=\"Berlin University of the Arts\" id=\"mwjQ\">Berlin University of the Arts</a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Free_University_of_Berlin\" title=\"Free University of Berlin\" id=\"mwjg\">Free University of Berlin</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Zoological_Garden\" title=\"Berlin Zoological Garden\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwjw\">Berlin Zoological Garden</a> is the most visited zoo in Europe. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Babelsberg_Studio\" title=\"Babelsberg Studio\" id=\"mwkA\">Babelsberg Studio</a> is the world's first large-scale movie studio complex, and there are <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_films_set_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of films set in Berlin\" id=\"mwkQ\">many films set in Berlin</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt96\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-17\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-17\" id=\"mwkg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwkw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwlA\">[</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwlQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is home to three <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites\" title=\"UNESCO World Heritage Sites\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwlg\">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\" id=\"mwlw\">Museum Island</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Palaces_and_Parks_of_Potsdam_and_Berlin\" title=\"Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin\" id=\"mwmA\">Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Modernism_Housing_Estates\" title=\"Berlin Modernism Housing Estates\" id=\"mwmQ\">Berlin Modernism Housing Estates</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt99\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UNESCO_18-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UNESCO\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UNESCO-18\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UNESCO-18\" id=\"mwmg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwmw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwnA\">[</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwnQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> Other landmarks include the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg_Gate\" title=\"Brandenburg Gate\" id=\"mwng\">Brandenburg Gate</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\" id=\"mwnw\">Reichstag building</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdamer_Platz\" title=\"Potsdamer Platz\" id=\"mwoA\">Potsdamer Platz</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe\" title=\"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe\" id=\"mwoQ\">Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Wall_Memorial\" title=\"Berlin Wall Memorial\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwog\">Berlin Wall Memorial</a>. Berlin has <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_museums_and_galleries_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of museums and galleries in Berlin\" id=\"mwow\">numerous museums, galleries</a>, and libraries. The city includes lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs, the largest of which is <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Müggelsee\" title=\"Müggelsee\" id=\"mwpA\">Müggelsee</a>. About 1/3 of the city's area is composed of forests, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of parks and gardens in Berlin\" id=\"mwpQ\">parks and gardens</a>, rivers, canals, and lakes.<sup about=\"#mwt102\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün_19-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin, Referat Freiraumplanung und Stadtgrün\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün-19\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün-19\" id=\"mwpg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwpw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwqA\">[</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwqQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" id=\"mwqg\" data-mw='{\"autoGenerated\":true}'/></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"1\" id=\"mwqw\"><h2 id=\"History\">History</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt103\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwrA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"History of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt104\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwrQ\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./History_of_Berlin\" title=\"History of Berlin\">History of Berlin</a></div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt105\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwrg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"For timeline\",\"href\":\"./Template:For_timeline\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Timeline of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt106\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt105\" id=\"mwrw\">For a chronological guide, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Timeline_of_Berlin\" title=\"Timeline of Berlin\">Timeline of Berlin</a>.</div>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"2\" id=\"mwsA\"><h3 id=\"Etymology\">Etymology</h3>\n<p id=\"mwsQ\">Berlin lies in northeastern Germany, in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Germania_Slavica\" title=\"Germania Slavica\" id=\"mwsg\">an area formerly settled by Slavs</a> which thus exhibits many (Germanized) Slavic-derived placenames to this day (see below). The word <i id=\"mwsw\">Berlin</i> also has its roots in the language of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Slavs\" title=\"West Slavs\" id=\"mwtA\">West Slavs</a>, and may be related to the Old <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Polabian_language\" title=\"Polabian language\" id=\"mwtQ\">Polabian</a> stem <span title=\"Polabian-language text\" about=\"#mwt107\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwtg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"pox\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"berl-/birl-\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i lang=\"pox\">berl-/birl-</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_Polabian-language_text\" about=\"#mwt107\" id=\"mwtw\"/> (\"swamp\").<sup about=\"#mwt110\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-20\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-20\" id=\"mwuA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwuQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwug\">[</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwuw\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwvA\">Of Berlin's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boroughs_and_neighborhoods_of_Berlin\" title=\"Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwvQ\">twelve boroughs</a>, five bear a Slavic-derived name—<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pankow\" title=\"Pankow\" id=\"mwvg\">Pankow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Steglitz-Zehlendorf\" title=\"Steglitz-Zehlendorf\" id=\"mwvw\">Steglitz-Zehlendorf</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Marzahn-Hellersdorf\" title=\"Marzahn-Hellersdorf\" id=\"mwwA\">Marzahn-Hellersdorf</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Treptow-Köpenick\" title=\"Treptow-Köpenick\" id=\"mwwQ\">Treptow-Köpenick</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spandau\" title=\"Spandau\" id=\"mwwg\">Spandau</a>; furthermore, across the city's 96 neighborhoods, there are 22 which bear a Slavic-rooted name—<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Altglienicke\" title=\"Altglienicke\" id=\"mwww\">Altglienicke</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alt-Treptow\" title=\"Alt-Treptow\" id=\"mwxA\">Alt-Treptow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Britz\" title=\"Britz\" id=\"mwxQ\">Britz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Buch_(Berlin)\" title=\"Buch (Berlin)\" id=\"mwxg\">Buch</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Buckow_(Berlin)\" title=\"Buckow (Berlin)\" id=\"mwxw\">Buckow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gatow\" title=\"Gatow\" id=\"mwyA\">Gatow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Karow_(Berlin)\" title=\"Karow (Berlin)\" id=\"mwyQ\">Karow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kladow\" title=\"Kladow\" id=\"mwyg\">Kladow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Köpenick\" title=\"Köpenick\" id=\"mwyw\">Köpenick</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lankwitz\" title=\"Lankwitz\" id=\"mwzA\">Lankwitz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lübars\" title=\"Lübars\" id=\"mwzQ\">Lübars</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Malchow_(Berlin)\" title=\"Malchow (Berlin)\" id=\"mwzg\">Malchow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Marzahn\" title=\"Marzahn\" id=\"mwzw\">Marzahn</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pankow_(locality)\" title=\"Pankow (locality)\" id=\"mw0A\">Pankow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prenzlauer_Berg\" title=\"Prenzlauer Berg\" id=\"mw0Q\">Prenzlauer Berg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rudow\" title=\"Rudow\" id=\"mw0g\">Rudow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schmöckwitz\" title=\"Schmöckwitz\" id=\"mw0w\">Schmöckwitz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spandau_(locality)\" title=\"Spandau (locality)\" id=\"mw1A\">Spandau</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stadtrandsiedlung_Malchow\" title=\"Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow\" id=\"mw1Q\">Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Steglitz\" title=\"Steglitz\" id=\"mw1g\">Steglitz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tegel\" title=\"Tegel\" id=\"mw1w\">Tegel</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zehlendorf_(Berlin)\" title=\"Zehlendorf (Berlin)\" id=\"mw2A\">Zehlendorf</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"3\" id=\"mw2Q\"><h3 id=\"Prehistory\">Prehistory</h3>\n<p id=\"mw2g\">The area of what is now Berlin has been settled for millennia.<sup about=\"#mwt113\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-21\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-21\" id=\"mw2w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw3A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw3Q\">[</span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw3g\">]</span></span></a></sup> A deer mask, dated to 9,000 BCE, is attributed to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Maglemosian_culture\" title=\"Maglemosian culture\" id=\"mw3w\">Maglemosian culture</a>. Around 2,000 BCE dense human settlements along the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\" id=\"mw4A\">Spree</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Havel\" title=\"Havel\" id=\"mw4Q\">Havel</a> rivers gave rise to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lusatian_culture\" title=\"Lusatian culture\" id=\"mw4g\">Lusatian culture</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt116\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-22\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-22\" id=\"mw4w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw5A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw5Q\">[</span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw5g\">]</span></span></a></sup> Starting around 500 BCE <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Germanic_tribes\" title=\"Germanic tribes\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mw5w\">Germanic tribes</a> settled in a number of villages in the higher situated areas of today's Berlin. After the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Semnones\" title=\"Semnones\" id=\"mw6A\">Semnones</a> left around 200 CE, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Burgundians\" title=\"Burgundians\" id=\"mw6Q\">Burgundians</a> followed. In the 7th century <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Slavic_tribes\" title=\"Slavic tribes\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mw6g\">Slavic tribes</a>, the later known <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hevelli\" title=\"Hevelli\" id=\"mw6w\">Hevelli</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sprevane\" title=\"Sprevane\" id=\"mw7A\">Sprevane</a>, reached the region.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"4\" id=\"mw7Q\"><h3 id=\"12th_century_to_16th_century\">12th century to 16th century</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mw7g\"><a href=\"./File:Seal_Berlin_1253.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mw7w\"><img resource=\"./File:Seal_Berlin_1253.png\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Seal_Berlin_1253.png/250px-Seal_Berlin_1253.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Seal_Berlin_1253.png/500px-Seal_Berlin_1253.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"832\" data-file-height=\"893\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"204\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mw8A\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mw8Q\">The oldest seal of Berlin, dating back to 1253</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mw8g\">In the 12th century the region came under German rule as part of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Margraviate_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"Margraviate of Brandenburg\" id=\"mw8w\">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a>, founded by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Albert_the_Bear\" title=\"Albert the Bear\" id=\"mw9A\">Albert the Bear</a> in 1157. The first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spandau\" title=\"Spandau\" id=\"mw9Q\">Spandau</a> is first mentioned in 1197 and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Köpenick\" title=\"Köpenick\" id=\"mw9g\">Köpenick</a> in 1209.<sup about=\"#mwt119\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-23\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-23\" id=\"mw9w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw-A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw-Q\">[</span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw-g\">]</span></span></a></sup> German merchants founded two settlements in today's city center – Berlin (or <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alt-Berlin\" title=\"Alt-Berlin\" id=\"mw-w\">Alt-Berlin</a>; at the site of today's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nikolaiviertel\" title=\"Nikolaiviertel\" id=\"mw_A\">Nikolaiviertel</a>) and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cölln\" title=\"Cölln\" id=\"mw_Q\">Cölln</a> (on the island in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\" id=\"mw_g\">Spree</a> now known as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\" id=\"mw_w\">Museum Island</a>). 1237 is considered the founding date of the city.<sup about=\"#mwt122\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-24\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-24\" id=\"mwAQA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAQE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQI\">[</span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQM\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin and Cölln over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stapelrecht\" title=\"Stapelrecht\" id=\"mwAQQ\">staple right</a> on the two important <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trade_route\" title=\"Trade route\" id=\"mwAQU\">trade routes</a>. One was known as <i id=\"mwAQY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Via_Imperii\" title=\"Via Imperii\" id=\"mwAQc\">Via Imperii</a></i>, and the other trade route reached from <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bruges\" title=\"Bruges\" id=\"mwAQg\">Bruges</a> to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Novgorod\" title=\"Novgorod\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAQk\">Novgorod</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt123\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004_10-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Verein für die Geschichte Berlins-2004\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004-10\" id=\"mwAQo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAQs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQw\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQ0\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 1307, the two towns formed an alliance with a common external policy, their internal administrations still being separated.<sup about=\"#mwt126\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Stöver_B_25-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Stöver B\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Stöver_B-25\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Stöver_B-25\" id=\"mwAQ4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAQ8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwARA\">[</span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwARE\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 1326, the territory of Berlin was raided by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Baltic_paganism\" title=\"Baltic paganism\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwARI\">pagan</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lithuanians\" title=\"Lithuanians\" id=\"mwARM\">Lithuanians</a> during the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Raid_on_Brandenburg\" title=\"Raid on Brandenburg\" id=\"mwARQ\">Raid on Brandenburg</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwARU\">Members of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hohenzollern\" title=\"Hohenzollern\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwARY\">Hohenzollern</a> family ruled in Berlin until 1918, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prussia\" title=\"Prussia\" id=\"mwARc\">Prussia</a>, and eventually as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_emperor\" title=\"German emperor\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwARg\">German emperors</a>. In 1443, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frederick_II_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"Frederick II of Brandenburg\" id=\"mwARk\">Frederick II of Brandenburg</a> initiated the construction of a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stadtschloss,_Berlin\" title=\"Stadtschloss, Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwARo\">new royal palace</a> in the twin city of Berlin-Cölln. The protests of the town citizens against the building culminated in 1448, in the \"Berlin Indignation\" (<span about=\"#mwt127\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwARs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langx\",\"href\":\"./Template:Langx\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Unwille\"},\"links\":{\"wt\":\"no\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>German: </span><i lang=\"de\" about=\"#mwt127\">Berliner Unwille</i><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt127\" id=\"mwARw\"/>).<sup about=\"#mwt130\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-26\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-26\" id=\"mwAR0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAR4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAR8\">[</span>25<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASA\">]</span></span></a></sup> Officially, the Berlin-Cölln palace became the permanent residence of the Brandenburg electors of the Hohenzollern dynasty in 1486, when <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_Cicero\" title=\"John Cicero\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwASE\">John Cicero</a> took power.<sup about=\"#mwt133\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-27\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-27\" id=\"mwASI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwASM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASQ\">[</span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASU\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin-Cölln, however, had to give up its status as a free <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hanseatic_League\" title=\"Hanseatic League\" id=\"mwASY\">Hanseatic League</a> city. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lutheran\" title=\"Lutheran\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwASc\">Lutheran</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt136\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-28\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-28\" id=\"mwASg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwASk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASo\">[</span>27<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASs\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"5\" id=\"mwASw\"><h3 id=\"17th_to_19th_centuries\">17th to 19th centuries</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAS0\"><a href=\"./File:Reichstagsgebaeude.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAS4\"><img resource=\"./File:Reichstagsgebaeude.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Reichstagsgebaeude.jpg/250px-Reichstagsgebaeude.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Reichstagsgebaeude.jpg/500px-Reichstagsgebaeude.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3480\" data-file-height=\"2572\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"185\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAS8\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwATA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\" id=\"mwATE\">Reichstag building</a> at the end of the 19th century</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwATI\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Thirty_Years'_War\" title=\"Thirty Years' War\" id=\"mwATM\">Thirty Years' War</a> between 1618 and 1648 devastated Berlin. One third of its houses were damaged or destroyed, and the city lost half of its population.<sup about=\"#mwt139\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-29\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-29\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-29\" id=\"mwATQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwATU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwATY\">[</span>28<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwATc\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frederick_William_I,_Elector_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwATg\">Frederick William</a>, known as the \"Great Elector\", who had succeeded his father <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./George_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"George William, Elector of Brandenburg\" id=\"mwATk\">George William</a> as ruler in 1640, initiated a policy of promoting immigration and religious tolerance.<sup about=\"#mwt142\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-30\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-30\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-30\" id=\"mwATo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwATs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwATw\">[</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAT0\">]</span></span></a></sup> With the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Edict_of_Potsdam\" title=\"Edict of Potsdam\" id=\"mwAT4\">Edict of Potsdam</a> in 1685, Frederick William offered asylum to the French <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Huguenot\" title=\"Huguenot\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAT8\">Huguenots</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt145\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-31\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-31\" id=\"mwAUA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAUE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAUI\">[</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAUM\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAUQ\">By 1700, approximately 30 percent of Berlin's residents were French, because of the Huguenot immigration.<sup about=\"#mwt148\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-32\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-32\" id=\"mwAUU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAUY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAUc\">[</span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAUg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Many other immigrants came from <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bohemia\" title=\"Bohemia\" id=\"mwAUk\">Bohemia</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth\" title=\"Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth\" id=\"mwAUo\">Poland</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prince-Archbishopric_of_Salzburg\" title=\"Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg\" id=\"mwAUs\">Salzburg</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt151\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-33\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-33\" id=\"mwAUw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAU0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAU4\">[</span>32<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAU8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAVA\">Since 1618, the Margraviate of Brandenburg had been in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Personal_union\" title=\"Personal union\" id=\"mwAVE\">personal union</a> with the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Duchy_of_Prussia\" title=\"Duchy of Prussia\" id=\"mwAVI\">Duchy of Prussia</a>. In 1701, the dual state formed the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kingdom_of_Prussia\" title=\"Kingdom of Prussia\" id=\"mwAVM\">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frederick_III,_Elector_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAVQ\">Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg</a>, crowned himself as king <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frederick_I_of_Prussia\" title=\"Frederick I of Prussia\" id=\"mwAVU\">Frederick I in Prussia</a>. Berlin became the capital of the new Kingdom,<sup about=\"#mwt152\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-34\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-34\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-34\" id=\"mwAVY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAVc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVg\">[</span>33<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVk\">]</span></span></a></sup> replacing <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Königsberg\" title=\"Königsberg\" id=\"mwAVo\">Königsberg</a>. This was a successful attempt to centralise the capital in the very far-flung state, and it was the first time the city began to grow. In 1709, Berlin merged with the four cities of Cölln, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichswerder\" title=\"Friedrichswerder\" id=\"mwAVs\">Friedrichswerder</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichstadt_(Berlin)\" title=\"Friedrichstadt (Berlin)\" id=\"mwAVw\">Friedrichstadt</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dorotheenstadt\" title=\"Dorotheenstadt\" id=\"mwAV0\">Dorotheenstadt</a> under the name Berlin, \"Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin\".<sup about=\"#mwt153\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Stöver_B_25-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Stöver B\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Stöver_B-25\" id=\"mwAV4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAV8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWA\">[</span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWE\">]</span></span></a></sup> Between 1700 and 1750, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Demographics_of_Berlin\" title=\"Demographics of Berlin\" id=\"mwAWI\">Berlin's population nearly quadrupled</a>, rising from about 30,000 to 113,000.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAWM\">In 1740, Frederick II, known as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frederick_the_Great\" title=\"Frederick the Great\" id=\"mwAWQ\">Frederick the Great</a> (1740–1786), came to power.<sup about=\"#mwt156\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-35\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-35\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-35\" id=\"mwAWU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAWY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWc\">[</span>34<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Enlightenment\" title=\"The Enlightenment\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAWk\">the Enlightenment</a>, but also, was briefly occupied during the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seven_Years'_War\" title=\"Seven Years' War\" id=\"mwAWo\">Seven Years' War</a> by the Russian army.<sup about=\"#mwt159\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-36\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-36\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-36\" id=\"mwAWs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAWw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAW0\">[</span>35<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAW4\">]</span></span></a></sup> Following France's victory in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition\" title=\"War of the Fourth Coalition\" id=\"mwAW8\">War of the Fourth Coalition</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Napoleon_Bonaparte\" title=\"Napoleon Bonaparte\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAXA\">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fall_of_Berlin_(1806)\" title=\"Fall of Berlin (1806)\" id=\"mwAXE\">marched into Berlin in 1806</a>, but granted self-government to the city.<sup about=\"#mwt162\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-37\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-37\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-37\" id=\"mwAXI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAXM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXQ\">[</span>36<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXU\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 1815, the city became part of the new <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Province_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"Province of Brandenburg\" id=\"mwAXY\">Province of Brandenburg</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt165\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-38\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-38\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-38\" id=\"mwAXc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAXg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXk\">[</span>37<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXo\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAXs\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Industrial_Revolution\" title=\"Industrial Revolution\" id=\"mwAXw\">Industrial Revolution</a> transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany. Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. In 1861, neighboring suburbs including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wedding_(Berlin)\" title=\"Wedding (Berlin)\" id=\"mwAX0\">Wedding</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moabit\" title=\"Moabit\" id=\"mwAX4\">Moabit</a> and several others were incorporated into Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt168\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-39\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-39\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-39\" id=\"mwAX8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAYA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYE\">[</span>38<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYI\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Empire\" title=\"German Empire\" id=\"mwAYM\">German Empire</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt171\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-40\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-40\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-40\" id=\"mwAYQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAYU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYY\">[</span>39<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYc\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 1881, it became a city district separate from <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg\" title=\"Brandenburg\" id=\"mwAYg\">Brandenburg</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt174\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-41\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-41\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-41\" id=\"mwAYk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAYo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYs\">[</span>40<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYw\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"6\" id=\"mwAY0\"><h3 id=\"1900–1945\"><span id=\"1900.E2.80.931945\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>1900–1945</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt175\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAY4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Further\",\"href\":\"./Template:Further\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Greater Berlin Act\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"1920s Berlin\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"Battle of Berlin\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"West Berlin\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"East Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt176\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt175\" id=\"mwAY8\">Further information: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Greater_Berlin_Act\" title=\"Greater Berlin Act\">Greater Berlin Act</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1920s_Berlin\" title=\"1920s Berlin\">1920s Berlin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Battle_of_Berlin\" title=\"Battle of Berlin\">Battle of Berlin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Berlin\" title=\"West Berlin\">West Berlin</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Berlin\" title=\"East Berlin\">East Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAZA\"><a href=\"./File:Revolutie_in_Duitsland,_SFA022823451.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAZE\"><img resource=\"./File:Revolutie_in_Duitsland,_SFA022823451.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Revolutie_in_Duitsland%2C_SFA022823451.jpg/250px-Revolutie_in_Duitsland%2C_SFA022823451.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Revolutie_in_Duitsland%2C_SFA022823451.jpg/500px-Revolutie_in_Duitsland%2C_SFA022823451.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3612\" data-file-height=\"2520\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"174\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAZI\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAZM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Revolution\" title=\"German Revolution\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAZQ\">German Revolution</a> in Berlin in 1918</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZU\">In the early 20th century, Berlin had become a fertile ground for the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Expressionism\" title=\"German Expressionism\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAZY\">German Expressionist</a> movement.<sup about=\"#mwt179\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-42\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-42\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-42\" id=\"mwAZc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAZg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZk\">[</span>41<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZo\">]</span></span></a></sup> In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZs\">At the end of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_War_I\" title=\"World War I\" id=\"mwAZw\">World War I</a>, during the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Revolution\" title=\"German Revolution\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAZ0\">German Revolution</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Weimar_Republic\" title=\"Weimar Republic\" id=\"mwAZ4\">Weimar Republic</a> was proclaimed by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Philipp_Scheidemann\" title=\"Philipp Scheidemann\" id=\"mwAZ8\">Philipp Scheidemann</a> at the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_(building)\" title=\"Reichstag (building)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAaA\">Reichstag building</a> on November 9, 1918. In 1920, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Greater_Berlin_Act\" title=\"Greater Berlin Act\" id=\"mwAaE\">Greater Berlin Act</a> incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. The act increased the area of Berlin from <span about=\"#mwt180\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAaI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"66\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"to\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"883\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"km2\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>66 to 883</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt180\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt180\">km</span><sup about=\"#mwt180\">2</sup><span about=\"#mwt180\"> (25 to 341</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt180\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt180\">sq</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt180\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt180\">mi)</span>. The population almost doubled, and Berlin had a population of around four million. During the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Weimar_culture\" title=\"Weimar culture\" id=\"mwAaM\">Weimar era</a>, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties but also became a renowned center of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Roaring_Twenties\" title=\"Roaring Twenties\" id=\"mwAaQ\">Roaring Twenties</a>. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, technology, arts, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\" id=\"mwAaU\">Albert Einstein</a> rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin,<sup about=\"#mwt183\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-43\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-43\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-43\" id=\"mwAaY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAac\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAag\">[</span>42<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAak\">]</span></span></a></sup> being awarded the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nobel_Prize_for_Physics\" title=\"Nobel Prize for Physics\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAao\">Nobel Prize for Physics</a> in 1921.<sup about=\"#mwt186\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-44\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-44\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-44\" id=\"mwAas\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAaw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAa0\">[</span>43<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAa4\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAa8\">In 1933, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adolf_Hitler\" title=\"Adolf Hitler\" id=\"mwAbA\">Adolf Hitler</a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nazi_Party\" title=\"Nazi Party\" id=\"mwAbE\">Nazi Party</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nazis_came_to_power\" title=\"Nazis came to power\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAbI\">came to power</a>. Hitler wished for a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Reich\" title=\"German Reich\" id=\"mwAbM\">German Reich</a> with a capital city that had a monumental ensemble.<sup about=\"#mwt189\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-donath_45-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"donath\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-donath-45\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-donath-45\" id=\"mwAbQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAbU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbY\">[</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbc\">]</span></span></a></sup> The National Socialist regime embarked on monumental construction projects in Berlin as a way to express their power and authority through <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nazi_architecture\" title=\"Nazi architecture\" id=\"mwAbg\">architecture</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt190\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-donath_45-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"donath\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-donath-45\" id=\"mwAbk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAbo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbs\">[</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbw\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adolf_Hitler\" title=\"Adolf Hitler\" id=\"mwAb0\">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Albert_Speer\" title=\"Albert Speer\" id=\"mwAb4\">Albert Speer</a> developed architectural concepts for the conversion of the city into <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Germania_(city)\" title=\"Germania (city)\" id=\"mwAb8\">World Capital Germania</a>; these were never implemented.<sup about=\"#mwt191\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-donath_45-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"donath\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-donath-45\" id=\"mwAcA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAcE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcI\">[</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcM\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin hosted the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1936_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1936 Summer Olympics\" id=\"mwAcQ\">1936 Summer Olympics</a> for which the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Olympiastadion_(Berlin)\" title=\"Olympiastadion (Berlin)\" id=\"mwAcU\">Olympic stadium</a> was built.<sup about=\"#mwt193\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-46\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-46\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-46\" id=\"mwAcY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAcc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcg\">[</span>45<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAck\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAco\">NSDAP rule diminished Berlin's Jewish community from 160,000 (one-third of all Jews in the country) to about 80,000 due to emigration between 1933 and 1939. After <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kristallnacht\" title=\"Kristallnacht\" id=\"mwAcs\">Kristallnacht</a> in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp\" title=\"Sachsenhausen concentration camp\" id=\"mwAcw\">Sachsenhausen concentration camp</a>. Starting in early 1943, many were deported to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Jewish_ghettos_established_by_Nazi_Germany\" title=\"Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany\" id=\"mwAc0\">ghettos</a> like <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Łódź_Ghetto\" title=\"Łódź Ghetto\" id=\"mwAc4\">Łódź</a>, and to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Concentration_camp\" title=\"Concentration camp\" id=\"mwAc8\">concentration</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Extermination_camp\" title=\"Extermination camp\" id=\"mwAdA\">extermination camps</a> such as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Auschwitz\" title=\"Auschwitz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAdE\">Auschwitz</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt196\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-47\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-47\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-47\" id=\"mwAdI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAdM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAdQ\">[</span>46<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAdU\">]</span></span></a></sup> During <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_War_II\" title=\"World War II\" id=\"mwAdY\">World War II</a>, Berlin was the location of multiple Nazi prisons, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II\" title=\"Forced labour under German rule during World War II\" id=\"mwAdc\">forced labor</a> camps, 17 subcamps of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp\" title=\"Sachsenhausen concentration camp\" id=\"mwAdg\">Sachsenhausen concentration camp</a> for men and women, including teenagers, of various nationalities,<sup about=\"#mwt199\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-48\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-48\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-48\" id=\"mwAdk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAdo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAds\">[</span>47<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAdw\">]</span></span></a></sup> a camp for <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sinti\" title=\"Sinti\" id=\"mwAd0\">Sinti</a> and Romani people (see <i id=\"mwAd4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Romani_Holocaust\" title=\"Romani Holocaust\" id=\"mwAd8\">Romani Holocaust</a></i>),<sup about=\"#mwt202\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-49\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-49\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-49\" id=\"mwAeA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAeE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAeI\">[</span>48<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAeM\">]</span></span></a></sup> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stalag_III-D\" title=\"Stalag III-D\" id=\"mwAeQ\">Stalag III-D</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II\" title=\"German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II\" id=\"mwAeU\">prisoner-of-war camp</a> for Allied POWs of various nationalities.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAeY\">Parts of Berlin – including large parts of the city center – were destroyed in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bombing_of_Berlin\" title=\"Bombing of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAec\">bombing of Berlin</a> by Allied air raids in <span about=\"#mwt203\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAeg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Dash year\",\"href\":\"./Template:Dash_year\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1943\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"1945\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>1943–45</span> and the 1945 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Battle_of_Berlin\" title=\"Battle of Berlin\" id=\"mwAek\">Battle of Berlin</a>. The Allies dropped 67,607 tons of bombs on the city, destroying 6,427 acres (26 km<sup id=\"mwAeo\">2</sup>) of the built-up area. Around 125,000 civilians were killed.<sup about=\"#mwt206\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-50\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-50\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-50\" id=\"mwAes\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAew\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAe0\">[</span>49<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAe4\">]</span></span></a></sup> After the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe\" title=\"End of World War II in Europe\" id=\"mwAe8\">end of World War II in Europe</a> in May 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Former_eastern_territories_of_Germany\" title=\"Former eastern territories of Germany\" id=\"mwAfA\">former eastern territories of Germany</a>. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, in a similar way to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Allied-occupied_Germany\" title=\"Allied-occupied Germany\" id=\"mwAfE\">Allied-occupied Germany</a>. The sectors of the western allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) formed <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Berlin\" title=\"West Berlin\" id=\"mwAfI\">West Berlin</a>, while the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Soviet_Union\" title=\"Soviet Union\" id=\"mwAfM\">Soviet sector</a> formed <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Berlin\" title=\"East Berlin\" id=\"mwAfQ\">East Berlin</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt209\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-51\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-51\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-51\" id=\"mwAfU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAfY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfc\">[</span>50<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfg\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"7\" id=\"mwAfk\"><h3 id=\"1946–Present\"><span id=\"1946.E2.80.93Present\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>1946–Present</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt210\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAfo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"multiple image\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Multiple_image\"},\"params\":{\"align\":{\"wt\":\"right\"},\"image1\":{\"wt\":\"US Army tanks face off against Soviet tanks, Berlin 1961.jpg\"},\"width1\":{\"wt\":\"210\"},\"caption1\":{\"wt\":\"US and Soviet tanks face each other, taken in 1961 at [[Checkpoint Charlie]].\"},\"image2\":{\"wt\":\"berlinermauer.jpg\"},\"width2\":{\"wt\":\"208\"},\"caption2\":{\"wt\":\"The [[Berlin Wall]] (painted on the western side) was a barrier that divided the city from 1961 to 1989.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1349637415/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\" about=\"#mwt211\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Multiple image/styles.css\",\"wrapper\":\".tmulti\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"thumb tmulti floatright\" about=\"#mwt210\" id=\"mwAfs\"><div class=\"thumbinner multiimageinner\" style=\"width:426px;max-width:426px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:212px;max-width:212px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:US_Army_tanks_face_off_against_Soviet_tanks,_Berlin_1961.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:US_Army_tanks_face_off_against_Soviet_tanks,_Berlin_1961.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_Army_tanks_face_off_against_Soviet_tanks%2C_Berlin_1961.jpg/250px-US_Army_tanks_face_off_against_Soviet_tanks%2C_Berlin_1961.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_Army_tanks_face_off_against_Soviet_tanks%2C_Berlin_1961.jpg/500px-US_Army_tanks_face_off_against_Soviet_tanks%2C_Berlin_1961.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2000\" data-file-height=\"1507\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"158\" width=\"210\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">US and Soviet tanks face each other, taken in 1961 at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Checkpoint_Charlie\" title=\"Checkpoint Charlie\">Checkpoint Charlie</a>.</div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:210px;max-width:210px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlinermauer.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlinermauer.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/250px-Berlinermauer.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/500px-Berlinermauer.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"913\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"158\" width=\"208\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Berlin Wall\">Berlin Wall</a> (painted on the western side) was a barrier that divided the city from 1961 to 1989.</div></div></div></div></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwAfw\">All four Allies of World War II shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trizone\" title=\"Trizone\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAf0\">Trizone</a> to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Blockade\" title=\"Berlin Blockade\" id=\"mwAf4\">Berlin Blockade</a> on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_airlift\" title=\"Berlin airlift\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAf8\">Berlin airlift</a>, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.<sup about=\"#mwt214\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-52\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-52\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-52\" id=\"mwAgA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAgE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAgI\">[</span>51<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAgM\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAgQ\">The founding of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Germany\" title=\"East Germany\" id=\"mwAgU\">East</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Germany\" title=\"West Germany\" id=\"mwAgY\">West Germany</a> in 1949 increased <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cold_War\" title=\"Cold War\" id=\"mwAgc\">Cold War</a> tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the eastern part as its capital, a move the western powers did not recognize. East Berlin included most of the city's historic center. The West German government established itself in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bonn\" title=\"Bonn\" id=\"mwAgg\">Bonn</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt217\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-53\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-53\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-53\" id=\"mwAgk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAgo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAgs\">[</span>52<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAgw\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 1961, East Germany began to build the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Berlin Wall\" id=\"mwAg0\">Berlin Wall</a> around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Checkpoint_Charlie\" title=\"Checkpoint Charlie\" id=\"mwAg4\">Checkpoint Charlie</a>. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_F._Kennedy\" title=\"John F. Kennedy\" id=\"mwAg8\">John F. Kennedy</a> gave his \"<i id=\"mwAhA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ich_bin_ein_Berliner\" title=\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" id=\"mwAhE\">Ich bin ein Berliner</a></i>\" speech on 26 June 1963, underlining the US support for West Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt220\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-54\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-54\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-54\" id=\"mwAhI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAhM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAhQ\">[</span>53<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAhU\">]</span></span></a></sup> Although it was possible for Westerners to pass to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners travel to West Berlin or West Germany was prohibited by the East German government. In 1971, a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin\" title=\"Four Power Agreement on Berlin\" id=\"mwAhY\">Four-Power Agreement</a> guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.<sup about=\"#mwt223\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-55\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-55\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-55\" id=\"mwAhc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAhg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAhk\">[</span>54<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAho\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAhs\">In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Fall of the Berlin Wall\" id=\"mwAhw\">Berlin Wall fell</a> on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_reunification\" title=\"German reunification\" id=\"mwAh0\">reunified</a> as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became a united city. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the city experienced significant urban development.<sup about=\"#mwt224\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-56\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-56\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-56\" id=\"mwAh4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAh8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAiA\">[</span>55<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAiE\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAiI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Walter_Momper\" title=\"Walter Momper\" id=\"mwAiM\">Walter Momper</a>, the mayor of West Berlin, became the first mayor of the reunified city in the interim.<sup about=\"#mwt227\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-57\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-57\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-57\" id=\"mwAiQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAiU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAiY\">[</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAic\">]</span></span></a></sup> City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first \"all Berlin\" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Eberhard_Diepgen\" title=\"Eberhard Diepgen\" id=\"mwAig\">Eberhard Diepgen</a> (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt230\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-58\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-58\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-58\" id=\"mwAik\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAio\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAis\">[</span>57<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAiw\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt231\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAi0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"multiple image\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Multiple_image\"},\"params\":{\"align\":{\"wt\":\"left\"},\"image1\":{\"wt\":\"West and East Germans at the Brandenburg Gate in 1989.jpg\"},\"width1\":{\"wt\":\"180\"},\"caption1\":{\"wt\":\"The [[fall of the Berlin Wall]] marked the end of the [[Cold War]].\"},\"image2\":{\"wt\":\"Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-1003-417, Berlin, Flaggen vor dem Reichstag.jpg\"},\"width2\":{\"wt\":\"210\"},\"caption2\":{\"wt\":\"[[German reunification]] on [[German Unity Day|3 October 1990]], with [[flags of German states|flags of all German states]] at the [[Reichstag building|Reichstag]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1349637415/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\" about=\"#mwt232\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Multiple image/styles.css\",\"wrapper\":\".tmulti\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"thumb tmulti floatleft\" about=\"#mwt231\" id=\"mwAi4\"><div class=\"thumbinner multiimageinner\" style=\"width:398px;max-width:398px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:182px;max-width:182px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg/250px-West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg/500px-West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"661\" data-file-height=\"498\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"136\" width=\"180\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Fall of the Berlin Wall\">fall of the Berlin Wall</a> marked the end of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cold_War\" title=\"Cold War\">Cold War</a>.</div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:212px;max-width:212px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417,_Berlin,_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417,_Berlin,_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"511\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"134\" width=\"210\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_reunification\" title=\"German reunification\">German reunification</a> on <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Unity_Day\" title=\"German Unity Day\">3 October 1990</a>, with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Flags_of_German_states\" title=\"Flags of German states\">flags of all German states</a> at the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\">Reichstag</a></div></div></div></div></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwAi8\">On 18 June 1994, soldiers from the United States, France and Britain marched in a parade which was part of the ceremonies to mark the withdrawal of Allied occupation troops, allowing a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_reunification#Unified_Berlin\" title=\"German reunification\" id=\"mwAjA\">reunified Berlin</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt235\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-59\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-59\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-59\" id=\"mwAjE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAjI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjM\">[</span>58<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> On 20 June 1991, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundestag\" title=\"Bundestag\" id=\"mwAjU\">Bundestag</a> (lower house of the German Parliament) <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Decision_on_the_Capital_of_Germany\" title=\"Decision on the Capital of Germany\" id=\"mwAjY\">voted to move the seat</a> of the German capital from Bonn to Berlin, and this was completed in 1999.<sup about=\"#mwt238\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-60\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-60\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-60\" id=\"mwAjc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAjg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjk\">[</span>59<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjo\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin's_2001_administrative_reform\" title=\"Berlin's 2001 administrative reform\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAjs\">Berlin's 2001 administrative reform</a> merged several boroughs, reducing their number from 23 to 12.<sup about=\"#mwt241\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-61\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-61\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-61\" id=\"mwAjw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAj0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAj4\">[</span>60<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAj8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAkA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdamer_Platz\" title=\"Potsdamer Platz\" id=\"mwAkE\">Potsdamer Platz</a>, which had been a central traffic and commerce hub in the 1920s, but had been heavily impacted by the wall during partition, became one of Europe's biggest building sites and is now once again one of Berlin's most representative<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_August_2026\" about=\"#mwt242\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAkI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"clarify\",\"href\":\"./Template:Clarify\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"August 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template \" style=\"margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;\" about=\"#mwt242\" id=\"mwAkM\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wikipedia:Please_clarify\" title=\"Wikipedia:Please clarify\"><span title=\"The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2026)\">clarification needed</span></a></i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></sup> addresses.<sup about=\"#mwt245\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-62\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-62\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-62\" id=\"mwAkQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAkU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkY\">[</span>61<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkc\">]</span></span></a></sup> Several redevelopment projects have taken place, such as the demolition of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Palast_der_Republik\" title=\"Palast der Republik\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAkg\">Palast der Republik</a> – the former seat of East Germany's parliament – to make way for the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Humboldt_Forum\" title=\"Humboldt Forum\" id=\"mwAkk\">Humboldt Forum</a>, a reconstruction of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Palace\" title=\"Berlin Palace\" id=\"mwAko\">Berlin Palace</a> on the same site.<sup about=\"#mwt248\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-63\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-63\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-63\" id=\"mwAks\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAkw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAk0\">[</span>62<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAk4\">]</span></span></a></sup> The traffic infrastructure of Berlin was another post-unification priority, leading to the closure of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempelhof_Airport\" title=\"Tempelhof Airport\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAk8\">Tempelhof Airport</a> in 2008,<sup about=\"#mwt251\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-64\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-64\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-64\" id=\"mwAlA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAlE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlI\">[</span>63<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlM\">]</span></span></a></sup> the opening of a new <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Hauptbahnhof\" title=\"Berlin Hauptbahnhof\" id=\"mwAlQ\">Berlin Hauptbahnhof</a> in 2006,<sup about=\"#mwt254\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-65\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-65\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-65\" id=\"mwAlU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAlY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlc\">[</span>64<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlg\">]</span></span></a></sup> and finally the long-delayed opening of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport\" title=\"Berlin Brandenburg Airport\" id=\"mwAlk\">Berlin Brandenburg Airport</a> in 2020 accompanied by the shutdown of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tegel_Airport\" title=\"Tegel Airport\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAlo\">Tegel Airport</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt257\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-66\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-66\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-66\" id=\"mwAls\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAlw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAl0\">[</span>65<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAl4\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAl8\">In 2006, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2006_FIFA_World_Cup_Final\" title=\"2006 FIFA World Cup Final\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAmA\">FIFA World Cup Final</a> was held in Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt260\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-67\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-67\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-67\" id=\"mwAmE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAmI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmM\">[</span>66<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"8\" id=\"mwAmU\"><h2 id=\"Geography\">Geography</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt261\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAmY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Geography of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt262\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt261\" id=\"mwAmc\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Geography_of_Berlin\" title=\"Geography of Berlin\">Geography of Berlin</a></div>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"9\" id=\"mwAmg\"><h3 id=\"Topography\">Topography</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAmk\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_by_Senitnel-2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAmo\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_by_Senitnel-2.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_by_Senitnel-2.jpg/250px-Berlin_by_Senitnel-2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_by_Senitnel-2.jpg/500px-Berlin_by_Senitnel-2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"5875\" data-file-height=\"4414\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"188\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAms\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAmw\">Satellite image of Berlin</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAm0\"><a href=\"./File:Luftbild_bln-schmoeckwitz.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAm4\"><img resource=\"./File:Luftbild_bln-schmoeckwitz.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Luftbild_bln-schmoeckwitz.jpg/250px-Luftbild_bln-schmoeckwitz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Luftbild_bln-schmoeckwitz.jpg/500px-Luftbild_bln-schmoeckwitz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"760\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"148\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAm8\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAnA\">The outskirts of Berlin are covered with woodlands and numerous lakes.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwAnE\">Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Topography\" title=\"Topography\" id=\"mwAnI\">topography</a>, part of the vast <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Northern_European_Plain\" title=\"Northern European Plain\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAnM\">Northern European Plain</a> which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia. The <i id=\"mwAnQ\">Berliner <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Urstromtal\" title=\"Urstromtal\" id=\"mwAnU\">Urstromtal</a></i> (an ice age <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Glacial_valley\" title=\"Glacial valley\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAnY\">glacial valley</a>), between the low <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Barnim_Plateau\" title=\"Barnim Plateau\" id=\"mwAnc\">Barnim Plateau</a> to the north and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Teltow_plateau\" title=\"Teltow plateau\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAng\">Teltow plateau</a> to the south, was formed by meltwater flowing from ice sheets at the end of the last <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Weichselian_glaciation\" title=\"Weichselian glaciation\" id=\"mwAnk\">Weichselian glaciation</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\" id=\"mwAno\">Spree</a> follows this valley now. In Spandau, a borough in the west of Berlin, the Spree empties into the river <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Havel\" title=\"Havel\" id=\"mwAns\">Havel</a>, which flows from north to south through western Berlin. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Großer_Wannsee\" title=\"Großer Wannsee\" id=\"mwAnw\">Großer Wannsee</a>. A series of lakes also feeds into the upper Spree, which flows through the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Müggelsee\" title=\"Müggelsee\" id=\"mwAn0\">Großer Müggelsee</a> in eastern Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt265\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-68\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-68\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-68\" id=\"mwAn4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAn8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAoA\">[</span>67<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAoE\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAoI\">Substantial parts of present-day Berlin extend onto the low plateaus on both sides of the Spree Valley. Large parts of the boroughs <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reinickendorf\" title=\"Reinickendorf\" id=\"mwAoM\">Reinickendorf</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pankow\" title=\"Pankow\" id=\"mwAoQ\">Pankow</a> lie on the Barnim Plateau, while most of the boroughs of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf\" title=\"Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf\" id=\"mwAoU\">Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Steglitz-Zehlendorf\" title=\"Steglitz-Zehlendorf\" id=\"mwAoY\">Steglitz-Zehlendorf</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempelhof-Schöneberg\" title=\"Tempelhof-Schöneberg\" id=\"mwAoc\">Tempelhof-Schöneberg</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neukölln\" title=\"Neukölln\" id=\"mwAog\">Neukölln</a> lie on the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Teltow_(region)\" title=\"Teltow (region)\" id=\"mwAok\">Teltow Plateau</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAoo\">The borough of Spandau lies partly within the Berlin Glacial Valley and partly on the Nauen Plain, which stretches to the west of Berlin. Since 2015, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Arkenberge\" title=\"Arkenberge\" id=\"mwAos\">Arkenberge</a> hills in Pankow at <span about=\"#mwt266\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAow\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"122\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>122 meters (400</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt266\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt266\">ft)</span> elevation, have been the highest point in Berlin. Through the disposal of construction debris they surpassed <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Teufelsberg\" title=\"Teufelsberg\" id=\"mwAo0\">Teufelsberg</a> (<span about=\"#mwt267\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAo4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"120.1\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"disp\":{\"wt\":\"or\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>120.1</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt267\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt267\">m or 394</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt267\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt267\">ft</span>), which itself was made up of rubble from the ruins of the Second World War.<sup about=\"#mwt272\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-69\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-69\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-69\" id=\"mwAo8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwApA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApE\">[</span>68<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApI\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Müggelberge\" title=\"Müggelberge\" id=\"mwApM\">Müggelberge</a> at <span about=\"#mwt268\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwApQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"114.7\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>114.7 meters (376</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt268\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt268\">ft)</span> elevation is the highest natural point and the lowest is the Spektesee in Spandau, at <span about=\"#mwt269\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwApU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"28.1\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>28.1 meters (92</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt269\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt269\">ft)</span> elevation.<sup about=\"#mwt275\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-70\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-70\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-70\" id=\"mwApY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwApc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApg\">[</span>69<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApk\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"10\" id=\"mwApo\"><h3 id=\"Climate\">Climate</h3>\n<p id=\"mwAps\">Berlin has an <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oceanic_climate\" title=\"Oceanic climate\" id=\"mwApw\">oceanic climate</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Köppen_climate_classification\" title=\"Köppen climate classification\" id=\"mwAp0\">Köppen</a>: <i id=\"mwAp4\">Cfb</i>)<sup about=\"#mwt278\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-71\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-71\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-71\" id=\"mwAp8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAqA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqE\">[</span>70<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqI\">]</span></span></a></sup> bordering on a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Humid_continental_climate\" title=\"Humid continental climate\" id=\"mwAqM\">humid continental climate</a> (<i id=\"mwAqQ\">Dfb</i>). This type of climate features mild to very warm summer temperatures and cold, though not very severe, winters. Annual precipitation is modest.<sup about=\"#mwt281\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-72\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-72\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-72\" id=\"mwAqU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAqY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqc\">[</span>71<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqg\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt284\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-73\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-73\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-73\" id=\"mwAqk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAqo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqs\">[</span>72<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqw\">]</span></span></a></sup></p><p id=\"mwAq0\">\n\nFrosts are common in winter, and there are larger temperature differences between seasons than typical for many <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oceanic_climate\" title=\"Oceanic climate\" id=\"mwAq4\">oceanic climates</a>. Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of <span about=\"#mwt285\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAq8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"22\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"–\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"25\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"C\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>22–25</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt285\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt285\">°C (72–77</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt285\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt285\">°F)</span> and lows of <span about=\"#mwt286\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwArA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"12\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"–\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"14\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"C\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>12–14</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt286\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt286\">°C (54–57</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt286\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt286\">°F)</span>. Winters are cold with average high temperatures of <span about=\"#mwt287\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwArE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"C\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>3</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt287\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt287\">°C (37</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt287\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt287\">°F)</span> and lows of <span about=\"#mwt288\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwArI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"−2\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"to\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"0\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"C\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>−2 to 0</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt288\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt288\">°C (28 to 32</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt288\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt288\">°F)</span>. Spring and autumn are generally chilly to mild. Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Urban_heat_island\" title=\"Urban heat island\" id=\"mwArM\">heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement</a>. Temperatures can be <span about=\"#mwt289\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwArQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"C-change\"},\"sigfig\":{\"wt\":\"1\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt289\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt289\">°C (7</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt289\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt289\">°F)</span> higher in the city than in the surrounding areas.<sup about=\"#mwt308\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-74\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-74\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-74\" id=\"mwArU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwArY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwArc\">[</span>73<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwArg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Annual precipitation is <span about=\"#mwt290\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwArk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"570\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"mm\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>570 millimeters (22</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt290\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt290\">in)</span> with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March.<sup about=\"#mwt311\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-75\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-75\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-75\" id=\"mwAro\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwArs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwArw\">[</span>74<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAr0\">]</span></span></a></sup> The hottest month in Berlin was <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1757_heatwave\" title=\"1757 heatwave\" id=\"mwAr4\">July 1757</a>, with a mean temperature of <span about=\"#mwt291\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAr8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"24\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"C\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>24</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt291\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt291\">°C (75</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt291\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt291\">°F)</span>, and the coldest was <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Great_Frost_of_1709\" title=\"Great Frost of 1709\" id=\"mwAsA\">January 1709</a>, with a mean temperature of <span about=\"#mwt292\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAsE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"-13\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"C\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>−13</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt292\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt292\">°C (9</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt292\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt292\">°F)</span>.<sup about=\"#mwt314\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-76\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-76\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-76\" id=\"mwAsI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAsM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAsQ\">[</span>75<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAsU\">]</span></span></a></sup> The wettest month on record was July 1907, with <span about=\"#mwt293\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAsY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"230\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"mm\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>230 millimeters (9.1</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt293\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt293\">in)</span> of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with <span about=\"#mwt294\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAsc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"mm\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>1 millimeter (0.039</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt294\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt294\">in)</span> of rainfall.<sup about=\"#mwt317\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-77\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-77\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-77\" id=\"mwAsg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAsk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAso\">[</span>76<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAss\">]</span></span></a></sup></p><div about=\"#mwt295\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAsw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Weather box\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Weather_box\"},\"params\":{\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin (Brandenburg), 1991–2020, extremes 1957–present\"},\"metric first\":{\"wt\":\"Yes\"},\"single line\":{\"wt\":\"Yes\"},\"Jan record high C\":{\"wt\":\"15.1\"},\"Feb record high C\":{\"wt\":\"19.2\"},\"Mar record high C\":{\"wt\":\"25.8\"},\"Apr record high C\":{\"wt\":\"30.8\"},\"May record high C\":{\"wt\":\"32.7\"},\"Jun record high C\":{\"wt\":\"39.9\"},\"Jul record high C\":{\"wt\":\"38.3\"},\"Aug record high C\":{\"wt\":\"38.0\"},\"Sep record high C\":{\"wt\":\"34.1\"},\"Oct record high C\":{\"wt\":\"27.7\"},\"Nov record high C\":{\"wt\":\"20.9\"},\"Dec record high C\":{\"wt\":\"15.6\"},\"year record high C\":{\"wt\":\"39.9\"},\"Jan avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"10.6\"},\"Feb avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"12.4\"},\"Mar avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"17.9\"},\"Apr avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"24.0\"},\"May avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"28.4\"},\"Jun avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"31.5\"},\"Jul avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"32.7\"},\"Aug avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"32.7\"},\"Sep avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"26.9\"},\"Oct avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"21.5\"},\"Nov avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"14.8\"},\"Dec avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"11.2\"},\"year avg record high C\":{\"wt\":\"34.8\"},\"Jan high C\":{\"wt\":\"3.2\"},\"Feb high C\":{\"wt\":\"4.9\"},\"Mar high C\":{\"wt\":\"9.0\"},\"Apr high C\":{\"wt\":\"15.1\"},\"May high C\":{\"wt\":\"19.6\"},\"Jun high C\":{\"wt\":\"22.9\"},\"Jul high C\":{\"wt\":\"25.0\"},\"Aug high C\":{\"wt\":\"24.8\"},\"Sep high C\":{\"wt\":\"19.8\"},\"Oct high C\":{\"wt\":\"13.9\"},\"Nov high C\":{\"wt\":\"7.7\"},\"Dec high C\":{\"wt\":\"4.1\"},\"year high C\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"Jan mean C\":{\"wt\":\"0.7\"},\"Feb mean C\":{\"wt\":\"1.6\"},\"Mar mean C\":{\"wt\":\"4.6\"},\"Apr mean C\":{\"wt\":\"9.7\"},\"May mean C\":{\"wt\":\"14.2\"},\"Jun mean C\":{\"wt\":\"17.6\"},\"Jul mean C\":{\"wt\":\"19.6\"},\"Aug mean C\":{\"wt\":\"19.2\"},\"Sep mean C\":{\"wt\":\"14.7\"},\"Oct mean C\":{\"wt\":\"9.6\"},\"Nov mean C\":{\"wt\":\"4.9\"},\"Dec mean C\":{\"wt\":\"1.8\"},\"year mean C\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"Jan low C\":{\"wt\":\"-2.2\"},\"Feb low C\":{\"wt\":\"-1.8\"},\"Mar low C\":{\"wt\":\"0.4\"},\"Apr low C\":{\"wt\":\"4.0\"},\"May low C\":{\"wt\":\"8.2\"},\"Jun low C\":{\"wt\":\"11.7\"},\"Jul low C\":{\"wt\":\"14.0\"},\"Aug low C\":{\"wt\":\"13.5\"},\"Sep low C\":{\"wt\":\"9.8\"},\"Oct low C\":{\"wt\":\"5.6\"},\"Nov low C\":{\"wt\":\"1.9\"},\"Dec low C\":{\"wt\":\"-0.9\"},\"year low C\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"Jan avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-12.0\"},\"Feb avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-9.5\"},\"Mar avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-5.8\"},\"Apr avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-2.6\"},\"May avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"1.7\"},\"Jun avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"6.3\"},\"Jul avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"8.9\"},\"Aug avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"8.1\"},\"Sep avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"3.9\"},\"Oct avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-1.3\"},\"Nov avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-5.0\"},\"Dec avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-8.9\"},\"year avg record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-14.2\"},\"Jan record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-25.3\"},\"Feb record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-22.0\"},\"Mar record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-19.1\"},\"Apr record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-7.4\"},\"May record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-2.8\"},\"Jun record low C\":{\"wt\":\"1.3\"},\"Jul record low C\":{\"wt\":\"4.9\"},\"Aug record low C\":{\"wt\":\"4.6\"},\"Sep record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-0.9\"},\"Oct record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-7.7\"},\"Nov record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-17.8\"},\"Dec record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-24.0\"},\"year record low C\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"precipitation colour\":{\"wt\":\"green\"},\"Jan precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"41.5\"},\"Feb precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"30.0\"},\"Mar precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"35.9\"},\"Apr precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"27.7\"},\"May precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"52.8\"},\"Jun precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"60.2\"},\"Jul precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"70.0\"},\"Aug precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"52.4\"},\"Sep precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"43.6\"},\"Oct precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"40.3\"},\"Nov precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"38.8\"},\"Dec precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"39.1\"},\"year precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"unit precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"0.1 mm\"},\"Jan precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"15.8\"},\"Feb precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"13.9\"},\"Mar precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"14.0\"},\"Apr precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"10.9\"},\"May precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"12.8\"},\"Jun precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"12.4\"},\"Jul precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"13.4\"},\"Aug precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"12.7\"},\"Sep precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"11.6\"},\"Oct precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"13.6\"},\"Nov precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"14.5\"},\"Dec precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"16.4\"},\"year precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"unit snow days\":{\"wt\":\"1 cm\"},\"Jan snow days\":{\"wt\":\"8.4\"},\"Feb snow days\":{\"wt\":\"6.8\"},\"Mar snow days\":{\"wt\":\"2.6\"},\"Apr snow days\":{\"wt\":\"0.2\"},\"May snow days\":{\"wt\":\"0.0\"},\"Jun snow days\":{\"wt\":\"0.0\"},\"Jul snow days\":{\"wt\":\"0.0\"},\"Aug snow days\":{\"wt\":\"0.0\"},\"Sep snow days\":{\"wt\":\"0.0\"},\"Oct snow days\":{\"wt\":\"0.0\"},\"Nov snow days\":{\"wt\":\"1.4\"},\"Dec snow days\":{\"wt\":\"4.9\"},\"year snow days\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"Jan humidity\":{\"wt\":\"85.9\"},\"Feb humidity\":{\"wt\":\"81.2\"},\"Mar humidity\":{\"wt\":\"75.8\"},\"Apr humidity\":{\"wt\":\"67.2\"},\"May humidity\":{\"wt\":\"66.9\"},\"Jun humidity\":{\"wt\":\"66.3\"},\"Jul humidity\":{\"wt\":\"67.0\"},\"Aug humidity\":{\"wt\":\"68.5\"},\"Sep humidity\":{\"wt\":\"76.0\"},\"Oct humidity\":{\"wt\":\"82.7\"},\"Nov humidity\":{\"wt\":\"87.8\"},\"Dec humidity\":{\"wt\":\"87.5\"},\"year humidity\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"Jan sun\":{\"wt\":\"52.6\"},\"Feb sun\":{\"wt\":\"77.9\"},\"Mar sun\":{\"wt\":\"126.7\"},\"Apr sun\":{\"wt\":\"196.4\"},\"May sun\":{\"wt\":\"231.1\"},\"Jun sun\":{\"wt\":\"232.9\"},\"Jul sun\":{\"wt\":\"233.7\"},\"Aug sun\":{\"wt\":\"222.2\"},\"Sep sun\":{\"wt\":\"168.9\"},\"Oct sun\":{\"wt\":\"113.8\"},\"Nov sun\":{\"wt\":\"57.4\"},\"Dec sun\":{\"wt\":\"45.0\"},\"year sun\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"source 1\":{\"wt\":\"Data derived from [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]&lt;ref>\\n{{Cite web\\n|url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html\\n|title=Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – CDC (Climate Data Center)\\n|website=www.dwd.de\\n|access-date=15 September 2022\\n|archive-date=19 June 2022\\n|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619232425/https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html\\n|url-status=live\\n}}\\n&lt;/ref>\"},\"source 2\":{\"wt\":\"[[NCEI]](days with precipitation and snow, humidity)&lt;ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Berlin-Brandenburg_10385.csv\\n|title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Berlin-Brandenburg\\n|access-date=11 April 2024\\n|publisher=[[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]\\n|format=CSV\\n|quote=WMO number: 10385\\n}}\\n&lt;/ref>\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2022\"},\"source\":{\"wt\":\"\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\" style=\"width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<th colspan=\"14\">Climate data for Berlin (Brandenburg), 1991–2020, extremes 1957–present</th></tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Month</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Jan</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Feb</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Mar</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Apr</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">May</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Jun</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Jul</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Aug</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Sep</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Oct</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Nov</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Dec</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"border-left-width:medium\">Year</th></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Record high °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">15.1<br/>(59.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF9934; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">19.2<br/>(66.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">25.8<br/>(78.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF4900; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">30.8<br/>(87.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">32.7<br/>(90.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">39.9<br/>(103.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">38.3<br/>(100.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">38.0<br/>(100.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF3200; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">34.1<br/>(93.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">27.7<br/>(81.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">20.9<br/>(69.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFB266; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">15.6<br/>(60.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">39.9<br/>(103.8)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean maximum °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">10.6<br/>(51.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC892; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">12.4<br/>(54.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFA246; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">17.9<br/>(64.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF7800; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">24.0<br/>(75.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">28.4<br/>(83.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF4400; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">31.5<br/>(88.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">32.7<br/>(90.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">32.7<br/>(90.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF6400; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">26.9<br/>(80.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF8914; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">21.5<br/>(70.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFB871; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">14.8<br/>(58.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">11.2<br/>(52.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF2E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">34.8<br/>(94.6)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">3.2<br/>(37.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.9<br/>(40.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.0<br/>(48.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">15.1<br/>(59.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF962E; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">19.6<br/>(67.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF8001; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">22.9<br/>(73.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF7100; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">25.0<br/>(77.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF7300; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">24.8<br/>(76.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF952C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">19.8<br/>(67.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">13.9<br/>(57.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">7.7<br/>(45.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.1<br/>(39.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFBC79; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">14.2<br/>(57.5)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Daily mean °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.7<br/>(33.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.6<br/>(34.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.6<br/>(40.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.7<br/>(49.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">14.2<br/>(57.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">17.6<br/>(63.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF962E; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">19.6<br/>(67.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF9934; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">19.2<br/>(66.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFB872; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">14.7<br/>(58.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.6<br/>(49.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.9<br/>(40.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.8<br/>(35.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">9.9<br/>(49.8)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−2.2<br/>(28.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−1.8<br/>(28.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.4<br/>(32.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.0<br/>(39.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.2<br/>(46.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">11.7<br/>(53.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">14.0<br/>(57.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC082; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">13.5<br/>(56.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.8<br/>(49.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">5.6<br/>(42.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.9<br/>(35.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−0.9<br/>(30.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">5.3<br/>(41.6)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean minimum °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−12.0<br/>(10.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−9.5<br/>(14.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−5.8<br/>(21.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−2.6<br/>(27.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.7<br/>(35.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">6.3<br/>(43.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.9<br/>(48.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.1<br/>(46.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">3.9<br/>(39.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−1.3<br/>(29.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−5.0<br/>(23.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−8.9<br/>(16.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">−14.2<br/>(6.4)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Record low °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">−25.3<br/>(−13.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−22.0<br/>(−7.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−19.1<br/>(−2.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−7.4<br/>(18.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−2.8<br/>(27.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.3<br/>(34.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.9<br/>(40.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.6<br/>(40.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−0.9<br/>(30.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−7.7<br/>(18.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8686FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−17.8<br/>(0.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">−24.0<br/>(−11.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">−25.3<br/>(−13.5)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Average <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Precipitation\" title=\"Precipitation\">precipitation</a> mm (inches)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">41.5<br/>(1.63)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">30.0<br/>(1.18)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">35.9<br/>(1.41)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">27.7<br/>(1.09)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">52.8<br/>(2.08)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">60.2<br/>(2.37)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #96FF96; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">70.0<br/>(2.76)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">52.4<br/>(2.06)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">43.6<br/>(1.72)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">40.3<br/>(1.59)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">38.8<br/>(1.53)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">39.1<br/>(1.54)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">532.3<br/>(20.96)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Average precipitation days <span style=\"font-size:90%;\" class=\"nowrap\">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span></th>\n<td style=\"background: #3C3CFF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">15.8</td>\n<td style=\"background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">13.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">14.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #7474FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">10.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">12.8</td>\n<td style=\"background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">12.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">13.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">12.7</td>\n<td style=\"background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">11.6</td>\n<td style=\"background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">13.6</td>\n<td style=\"background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">14.5</td>\n<td style=\"background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">16.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">162</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Average snowy days <span style=\"font-size:90%;\" class=\"nowrap\">(≥ 1 cm)</span></th>\n<td style=\"background: #9797FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">6.8</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">2.6</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.2</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">24.3</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Average <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Relative_humidity\" title=\"Relative humidity\" class=\"mw-redirect\">relative humidity</a> (%)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">85.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">81.2</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">75.8</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">67.2</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">66.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">66.3</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">67.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">68.5</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">76.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">82.7</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000AE; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">87.8</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000AF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">87.5</td>\n<td style=\"background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">76.1</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean monthly <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sunshine_duration\" title=\"Sunshine duration\">sunshine hours</a></th>\n<td style=\"background: #606060; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">52.6</td>\n<td style=\"background: #9C9C9C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">77.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B9B94D; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">126.7</td>\n<td style=\"background: #D8D800; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">196.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">231.1</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E0E000; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">232.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">233.7</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">222.2</td>\n<td style=\"background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">168.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B3B370; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">113.8</td>\n<td style=\"background: #6C6C6C; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">57.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #525252; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">45.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C3C30F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">1,758.6</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:95%;\">Source 1: Data derived from <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutscher_Wetterdienst\" title=\"Deutscher Wetterdienst\">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><sup about=\"#mwt298\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-78\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-78\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-78\" id=\"mwAs0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAs4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAs8\">[</span>77<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtA\">]</span></span></a></sup></td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:95%;\">Source 2: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./NCEI\" title=\"NCEI\" class=\"mw-redirect\">NCEI</a>(days with precipitation and snow, humidity)<sup about=\"#mwt303\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-79\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-79\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-79\" id=\"mwAtE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAtI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtM\">[</span>78<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n</div>\n<div about=\"#mwt318\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAtU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Weather box\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Weather_box\"},\"params\":{\"collapsed\":{\"wt\":\"y\"},\"metric first\":{\"wt\":\"y\"},\"single line\":{\"wt\":\"y\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin ([[Dahlem (Berlin)|Dahlem]]), {{convert|58|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1961–1990 normals, extremes 1908–present\"},\"Jan record high C\":{\"wt\":\"15.2\"},\"Feb record high C\":{\"wt\":\"18.6\"},\"Mar record high C\":{\"wt\":\"25.1\"},\"Apr record high C\":{\"wt\":\"30.9\"},\"May record high C\":{\"wt\":\"33.3\"},\"Jun record high C\":{\"wt\":\"39.5\"},\"Jul record high C\":{\"wt\":\"37.9\"},\"Aug record high C\":{\"wt\":\"37.7\"},\"Sep record high C\":{\"wt\":\"34.2\"},\"Oct record high C\":{\"wt\":\"27.5\"},\"Nov record high C\":{\"wt\":\"19.5\"},\"Dec record high C\":{\"wt\":\"15.7\"},\"Jan mean C\":{\"wt\":\"-0.4\"},\"Feb mean C\":{\"wt\":\"0.6\"},\"Mar mean C\":{\"wt\":\"4.0\"},\"Apr mean C\":{\"wt\":\"8.4\"},\"May mean C\":{\"wt\":\"13.5\"},\"Jun mean C\":{\"wt\":\"16.7\"},\"Jul mean C\":{\"wt\":\"17.9\"},\"Aug mean C\":{\"wt\":\"17.2\"},\"Sep mean C\":{\"wt\":\"13.5\"},\"Oct mean C\":{\"wt\":\"9.3\"},\"Nov mean C\":{\"wt\":\"4.6\"},\"Dec mean C\":{\"wt\":\"1.2\"},\"Jan high C\":{\"wt\":\"1.8\"},\"Feb high C\":{\"wt\":\"3.5\"},\"Mar high C\":{\"wt\":\"7.9\"},\"Apr high C\":{\"wt\":\"13.1\"},\"May high C\":{\"wt\":\"18.6\"},\"Jun high C\":{\"wt\":\"21.8\"},\"Jul high C\":{\"wt\":\"23.1\"},\"Aug high C\":{\"wt\":\"22.8\"},\"Sep high C\":{\"wt\":\"18.7\"},\"Oct high C\":{\"wt\":\"13.3\"},\"Nov high C\":{\"wt\":\"7.0\"},\"Dec high C\":{\"wt\":\"3.2\"},\"Jan low C\":{\"wt\":\"-2.9\"},\"Feb low C\":{\"wt\":\"-2.2\"},\"Mar low C\":{\"wt\":\"0.5\"},\"Apr low C\":{\"wt\":\"3.9\"},\"May low C\":{\"wt\":\"8.2\"},\"Jun low C\":{\"wt\":\"11.4\"},\"Jul low C\":{\"wt\":\"12.9\"},\"Aug low C\":{\"wt\":\"12.4\"},\"Sep low C\":{\"wt\":\"9.4\"},\"Oct low C\":{\"wt\":\"5.9\"},\"Nov low C\":{\"wt\":\"2.1\"},\"Dec low C\":{\"wt\":\"-1.1\"},\"Jan record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-21.0\"},\"Feb record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-26.0\"},\"Mar record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-16.5\"},\"Apr record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-6.7\"},\"May record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-2.9\"},\"Jun record low C\":{\"wt\":\"0.8\"},\"Jul record low C\":{\"wt\":\"5.4\"},\"Aug record low C\":{\"wt\":\"4.7\"},\"Sep record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-0.5\"},\"Oct record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-9.6\"},\"Nov record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-16.1\"},\"Dec record low C\":{\"wt\":\"-20.2\"},\"precipitation colour\":{\"wt\":\"green\"},\"Jan precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"43.0\"},\"Feb precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"37.0\"},\"Mar precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"38.0\"},\"Apr precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"42.0\"},\"May precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"55.0\"},\"Jun precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"71.0\"},\"Jul precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"53.0\"},\"Aug precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"65.0\"},\"Sep precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"46.0\"},\"Oct precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"36.0\"},\"Nov precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"50.0\"},\"Dec precipitation mm\":{\"wt\":\"55.0\"},\"Jan sun\":{\"wt\":\"45.4\"},\"Feb sun\":{\"wt\":\"72.3\"},\"Mar sun\":{\"wt\":\"122.0\"},\"Apr sun\":{\"wt\":\"157.7\"},\"May sun\":{\"wt\":\"221.6\"},\"Jun sun\":{\"wt\":\"220.9\"},\"Jul sun\":{\"wt\":\"217.9\"},\"Aug sun\":{\"wt\":\"210.2\"},\"Sep sun\":{\"wt\":\"156.3\"},\"Oct sun\":{\"wt\":\"110.9\"},\"Nov sun\":{\"wt\":\"52.4\"},\"Dec sun\":{\"wt\":\"37.4\"},\"unit precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"1.0 mm\"},\"Jan precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"10.0\"},\"Feb precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"9.0\"},\"Mar precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"8.0\"},\"Apr precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"9.0\"},\"May precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"10.0\"},\"Jun precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"10.0\"},\"Jul precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"9.0\"},\"Aug precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"9.0\"},\"Sep precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"9.0\"},\"Oct precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"8.0\"},\"Nov precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"10.0\"},\"Dec precipitation days\":{\"wt\":\"11.0\"},\"source 1\":{\"wt\":\"[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]&lt;ref>\\n{{cite web\\n| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10381.TXT\\n| title = Berlin (10381) – WMO Weather Station\\n| access-date = 30 January 2019\\n| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131223/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10381.TXT\\n| archive-date = 2022-02-18\\n| url-status = dead\\n| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]\\n}} [https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAABerlin Archived] 30 January 2019, at the [[Wayback Machine]]&lt;/ref>\"},\"source 2\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Extremwerte&lt;ref>\\n{{cite web\\n|url = https://www.berliner-extremwerte.com/Berliner-Extremwerte.htm\\n|title = Berliner Extremwerte\\n|access-date = 1 December 2014\\n|archive-date = 6 June 2020\\n|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200606191249/https://www.berliner-extremwerte.com/Berliner-Extremwerte.htm\\n|url-status = live\\n}}\\n&lt;/ref>\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<table class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\" style=\"width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<th colspan=\"14\">Climate data for Berlin (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dahlem_(Berlin)\" title=\"Dahlem (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Dahlem</a>), 58<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>m or 190<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>ft, 1961–1990 normals, extremes 1908–present</th></tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Month</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Jan</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Feb</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Mar</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Apr</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">May</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Jun</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Jul</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Aug</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Sep</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Oct</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Nov</th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Dec</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"border-left-width:medium\">Year</th></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Record high °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">15.2<br/>(59.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">18.6<br/>(65.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF7100; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">25.1<br/>(77.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF4900; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">30.9<br/>(87.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF3800; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">33.3<br/>(91.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">39.5<br/>(103.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">37.9<br/>(100.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">37.7<br/>(99.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF3200; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">34.2<br/>(93.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF6000; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">27.5<br/>(81.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF9730; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">19.5<br/>(67.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFB164; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">15.7<br/>(60.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">39.5<br/>(103.1)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.8<br/>(35.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">3.5<br/>(38.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">7.9<br/>(46.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC388; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">13.1<br/>(55.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">18.6<br/>(65.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF8710; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">21.8<br/>(71.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">23.1<br/>(73.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF8002; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">22.8<br/>(73.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">18.7<br/>(65.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC285; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">13.3<br/>(55.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">7.0<br/>(44.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">3.2<br/>(37.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC58B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">12.9<br/>(55.2)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Daily mean °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−0.4<br/>(31.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.6<br/>(33.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.0<br/>(39.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.4<br/>(47.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC082; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">13.5<br/>(56.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">16.7<br/>(62.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFA246; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">17.9<br/>(64.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">17.2<br/>(63.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC082; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">13.5<br/>(56.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.3<br/>(48.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.6<br/>(40.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">1.2<br/>(34.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">8.9<br/>(48.0)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−2.9<br/>(26.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−2.2<br/>(28.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.5<br/>(32.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">3.9<br/>(39.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.2<br/>(46.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">11.4<br/>(52.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">12.9<br/>(55.2)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFC892; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">12.4<br/>(54.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.4<br/>(48.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">5.9<br/>(42.6)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">2.1<br/>(35.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−1.1<br/>(30.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">5.0<br/>(41.1)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Record low °C (°F)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #7575FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−21.0<br/>(−5.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">−26.0<br/>(−14.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−16.5<br/>(2.3)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−6.7<br/>(19.9)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−2.9<br/>(26.8)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">0.8<br/>(33.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">5.4<br/>(41.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">4.7<br/>(40.5)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−0.5<br/>(31.1)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−9.6<br/>(14.7)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−16.1<br/>(3.0)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #7979FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">−20.2<br/>(−4.4)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">−26.0<br/>(−14.8)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Average <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Precipitation\" title=\"Precipitation\">precipitation</a> mm (inches)</th>\n<td style=\"background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">43.0<br/>(1.69)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">37.0<br/>(1.46)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">38.0<br/>(1.50)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">42.0<br/>(1.65)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">55.0<br/>(2.17)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #91FF91; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">71.0<br/>(2.80)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">53.0<br/>(2.09)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">65.0<br/>(2.56)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">46.0<br/>(1.81)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">36.0<br/>(1.42)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">50.0<br/>(1.97)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">55.0<br/>(2.17)</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">591<br/>(23.29)</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Average precipitation days <span style=\"font-size:90%;\" class=\"nowrap\">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span></th>\n<td style=\"background: #8383FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">10.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8585FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8383FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">10.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">10.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">9.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">8.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">10.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #7777FF; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">11.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #8989FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">112</td></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"height: 16px;\">Mean monthly <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sunshine_duration\" title=\"Sunshine duration\">sunshine hours</a></th>\n<td style=\"background: #525252; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">45.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #919191; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">72.3</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B7B75A; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">122.0</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C9C900; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">157.7</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">221.6</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">220.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">217.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #DADA00; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">210.2</td>\n<td style=\"background: #C9C900; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">156.3</td>\n<td style=\"background: #B2B278; color:#000000;\" class=\"notheme\">110.9</td>\n<td style=\"background: #626262; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">52.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #444444; color:#FFFFFF;\" class=\"notheme\">37.4</td>\n<td style=\"background: #BEBE2E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium\" class=\"notheme\">1,625</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:95%;\">Source 1: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration\" title=\"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\">NOAA</a><sup about=\"#mwt321\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-80\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-80\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-80\" id=\"mwAtY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAtc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtg\">[</span>79<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtk\">]</span></span></a></sup></td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:95%;\">Source 2: Berliner Extremwerte<sup about=\"#mwt326\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-81\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-81\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-81\" id=\"mwAto\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAts\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtw\">[</span>80<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAt0\">]</span></span></a></sup></td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n</div>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"11\" id=\"mwAt4\"><h2 id=\"Cityscape_and_architecture\">Cityscape and architecture</h2>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"12\" id=\"mwAt8\"><h3 id=\"Cityscape\">Cityscape</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAuA\"><a href=\"./File:16-07-04-Abflug-Berlin-DSC_0122.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAuE\"><img resource=\"./File:16-07-04-Abflug-Berlin-DSC_0122.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/16-07-04-Abflug-Berlin-DSC_0122.jpg/250px-16-07-04-Abflug-Berlin-DSC_0122.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/16-07-04-Abflug-Berlin-DSC_0122.jpg/500px-16-07-04-Abflug-Berlin-DSC_0122.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"6000\" data-file-height=\"4000\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAuI\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAuM\">Aerial photo over central Berlin showing <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_West\" title=\"City West\" id=\"mwAuQ\">City West</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdamer_Platz\" title=\"Potsdamer Platz\" id=\"mwAuU\">Potsdamer Platz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Unter_den_Linden\" title=\"Unter den Linden\" id=\"mwAuY\">Unter den Linden</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alexanderplatz\" title=\"Alexanderplatz\" id=\"mwAuc\">Alexanderplatz</a></figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAug\"><a href=\"./File:PotsdamerPlatz_Vogelperspektive_2004_1.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAuk\"><img resource=\"./File:PotsdamerPlatz_Vogelperspektive_2004_1.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PotsdamerPlatz_Vogelperspektive_2004_1.jpg/250px-PotsdamerPlatz_Vogelperspektive_2004_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PotsdamerPlatz_Vogelperspektive_2004_1.jpg/500px-PotsdamerPlatz_Vogelperspektive_2004_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"997\" data-file-height=\"730\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"183\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAuo\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAus\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdamer_Platz\" title=\"Potsdamer Platz\" id=\"mwAuw\">Potsdamer Platz</a> from above</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAu0\"><a href=\"./File:Bebelplatz_Night_of_Shame_Monument.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAu4\"><img resource=\"./File:Bebelplatz_Night_of_Shame_Monument.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bebelplatz_Night_of_Shame_Monument.jpg/250px-Bebelplatz_Night_of_Shame_Monument.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bebelplatz_Night_of_Shame_Monument.jpg/500px-Bebelplatz_Night_of_Shame_Monument.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"646\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"202\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAu8\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAvA\">\"<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Empty_Library\" title=\"The Empty Library\" id=\"mwAvE\">The Empty Library</a>\", a memorial commemorating the 1933 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nazi_book_burnings\" title=\"Nazi book burnings\" id=\"mwAvI\">Nazi book burning</a> at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bebelplatz\" title=\"Bebelplatz\" id=\"mwAvM\">Bebelplatz</a></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAvQ\">Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Metropolitan_area\" title=\"Metropolitan area\" id=\"mwAvU\">metropolitan area</a> and an eclectic mix of architecture. The city's appearance today has been predominantly shaped by German history during the 20th century. 17% of Berlin's buildings are <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gründerzeit\" title=\"Gründerzeit\" id=\"mwAvY\">Gründerzeit</a> or earlier and nearly 25% are of the 1920s and 1930s, when Berlin played a part in the origin of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Modernism_Housing_Estates\" title=\"Berlin Modernism Housing Estates\" id=\"mwAvc\">modern architecture</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt331\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-82\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-82\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-82\" id=\"mwAvg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAvk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAvo\">[</span>81<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAvs\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt334\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-83\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-83\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-83\" id=\"mwAvw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAv0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAv4\">[</span>82<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAv8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAwA\">Devastated by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bombing_of_Berlin_in_World_War_II\" title=\"Bombing of Berlin in World War II\" id=\"mwAwE\">bombing of Berlin in World War II</a>, many of the buildings that had survived in both East and West were demolished during the postwar period. After the reunification, many important heritage structures have been <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reconstruction_(architecture)\" title=\"Reconstruction (architecture)\" id=\"mwAwI\">reconstructed</a>, including the <i id=\"mwAwM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Forum_Fridericianum\" title=\"Forum Fridericianum\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAwQ\">Forum Fridericianum</a></i> along with the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_State_Opera\" title=\"Berlin State Opera\" id=\"mwAwU\">Berlin State Opera</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg_Palace\" title=\"Charlottenburg Palace\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAwY\">Charlottenburg Palace</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gendarmenmarkt\" title=\"Gendarmenmarkt\" id=\"mwAwc\">Gendarmenmarkt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alte_Kommandantur\" title=\"Alte Kommandantur\" id=\"mwAwg\">Alte Kommandantur</a>, as well as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_Palace,_Berlin\" title=\"City Palace, Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAwk\">City Palace</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAwo\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of tallest buildings in Berlin\" id=\"mwAws\">tallest buildings in Berlin</a> are spread across the urban area, with clusters at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdamer_Platz\" title=\"Potsdamer Platz\" id=\"mwAww\">Potsdamer Platz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_West\" title=\"City West\" id=\"mwAw0\">City West</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alexanderplatz\" title=\"Alexanderplatz\" id=\"mwAw4\">Alexanderplatz</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAw8\">Over <style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1154941027\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt335\" id=\"mwAxA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Fraction/styles.css\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"frac\",\"href\":\"./Template:Frac\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"3\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class=\"frac\" about=\"#mwt335\" id=\"mwAxE\"><span class=\"num\">1</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">⁄</span><span class=\"den\">3</span></span> of the city's area consists of green and open space;<sup about=\"#mwt337\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün_19-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin, Referat Freiraumplanung und Stadtgrün\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün-19\" id=\"mwAxI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAxM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxQ\">[</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxU\">]</span></span></a></sup> the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Großer_Tiergarten\" title=\"Großer Tiergarten\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAxY\">Großer Tiergarten</a>, one of the largest and most popular parks in Berlin is located in the city centre.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"13\" id=\"mwAxc\"><h3 id=\"Architecture\">Architecture</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt338\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAxg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Architecture of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt339\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt338\" id=\"mwAxk\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Architecture_of_Berlin\" title=\"Architecture of Berlin\">Architecture of Berlin</a></div>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt340\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAxo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Further\",\"href\":\"./Template:Further\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"List of sights in Berlin\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"List of tallest buildings in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt341\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt340\" id=\"mwAxs\">Further information: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_sights_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of sights in Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">List of sights in Berlin</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of tallest buildings in Berlin\">List of tallest buildings in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwAxw\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fernsehturm_Berlin\" title=\"Fernsehturm Berlin\" id=\"mwAx0\">Fernsehturm</a> (TV tower) at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alexanderplatz\" title=\"Alexanderplatz\" id=\"mwAx4\">Alexanderplatz</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mitte\" title=\"Mitte\" id=\"mwAx8\">Mitte</a> is among the tallest structures in the European Union at <span about=\"#mwt342\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAyA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"368\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>368</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt342\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt342\">m (1,207</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt342\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt342\">ft)</span>. Built in 1969, it is visible throughout most of the central districts of Berlin. The city can be viewed from its <span about=\"#mwt343\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAyE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"204\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"ft\"},\"adj\":{\"wt\":\"mid\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"-high\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>204-meter-high (669</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt343\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt343\">ft)</span> observation floor. Starting here, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Karl-Marx-Allee\" title=\"Karl-Marx-Allee\" id=\"mwAyI\">Karl-Marx-Allee</a> heads east, an avenue lined by monumental residential buildings, designed in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Socialist_Classicism\" title=\"Socialist Classicism\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAyM\">Socialist Classicism</a> style. Adjacent to this area is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rotes_Rathaus\" title=\"Rotes Rathaus\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAyQ\">Rotes Rathaus</a> (City Hall), with its distinctive red-brick architecture. In front of it is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neptunbrunnen_(Berlin)\" title=\"Neptunbrunnen (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAyU\">Neptunbrunnen</a>, a fountain featuring a mythological group of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Triton_(mythology)\" title=\"Triton (mythology)\" id=\"mwAyY\">Tritons</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Personification\" title=\"Personification\" id=\"mwAyc\">personifications</a> of the four main Prussian rivers, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neptune_(mythology)\" title=\"Neptune (mythology)\" id=\"mwAyg\">Neptune</a> on top of it. Nearby is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nikolaiviertel\" title=\"Nikolaiviertel\" id=\"mwAyk\">Nikolaiviertel</a>, the reconstructed oldest settlement area in the city.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAyo\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg_Gate\" title=\"Brandenburg Gate\" id=\"mwAys\">Brandenburg Gate</a> is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany; it stands as a symbol of eventful European history and of unity and peace. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\" id=\"mwAyw\">Reichstag building</a> is the traditional seat of the German Parliament. It was remodeled by British architect <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Norman_Foster_(architect)\" title=\"Norman Foster (architect)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAy0\">Norman Foster</a> in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to the parliamentary proceedings and magnificent views of the city.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAy4\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Side_Gallery\" title=\"East Side Gallery\" id=\"mwAy8\">East Side Gallery</a> is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last existing portions of the Berlin Wall. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAzA\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gendarmenmarkt\" title=\"Gendarmenmarkt\" id=\"mwAzE\">Gendarmenmarkt</a> is a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neoclassical_architecture\" title=\"Neoclassical architecture\" id=\"mwAzI\">neoclassical</a> square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. Two similarly designed cathedrals border it, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Französischer_Dom\" title=\"Französischer Dom\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAzM\">Französischer Dom</a> with its observation platform and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutscher_Dom\" title=\"Deutscher Dom\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAzQ\">Deutscher Dom</a>. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Symphony_Orchestra\" title=\"Berlin Symphony Orchestra\" class=\"mw-disambig\" id=\"mwAzU\">Berlin Symphony Orchestra</a>, stands between the two cathedrals.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAzY\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\" id=\"mwAzc\">Museum Island</a> in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\" id=\"mwAzg\">River Spree</a> houses <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin#Museums\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"mwAzk\">five museums</a> built from 1830 to 1930 and is a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNESCO\" title=\"UNESCO\" id=\"mwAzo\">UNESCO</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany\" title=\"List of World Heritage Sites in Germany\" id=\"mwAzs\">World Heritage</a> site. Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all museums (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./James_Simon_Gallery\" title=\"James Simon Gallery\" id=\"mwAzw\">James Simon Gallery</a>), as well as reconstruction of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Palace\" title=\"Berlin Palace\" id=\"mwAz0\">Berlin Palace</a> (Stadtschloss) were completed.<sup about=\"#mwt346\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-84\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-84\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-84\" id=\"mwAz4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAz8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA0A\">[</span>83<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA0E\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt349\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-85\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-85\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-85\" id=\"mwA0I\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA0M\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA0Q\">[</span>84<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA0U\">]</span></span></a></sup> Also on the island and next to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lustgarten\" title=\"Lustgarten\" id=\"mwA0Y\">Lustgarten</a> and palace is <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Cathedral\" title=\"Berlin Cathedral\" id=\"mwA0c\">Berlin Cathedral</a>, emperor William II's ambitious attempt to create a Protestant counterpart to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./St._Peter's_Basilica\" title=\"St. Peter's Basilica\" id=\"mwA0g\">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in Rome. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./St._Hedwig's_Cathedral\" title=\"St. Hedwig's Cathedral\" id=\"mwA0k\">St. Hedwig's Cathedral</a> is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA0o\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Unter_den_Linden\" title=\"Unter den Linden\" id=\"mwA0s\">Unter den Linden</a> is a tree-lined east–west avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the Berlin Palace, and was once Berlin's premier promenade. Many Classical buildings line the street, and part of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Humboldt_University\" title=\"Humboldt University\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA0w\">Humboldt University</a> is there. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichstraße\" title=\"Friedrichstraße\" id=\"mwA00\">Friedrichstraße</a> was Berlin's legendary street during the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Golden_Twenties\" title=\"Golden Twenties\" id=\"mwA04\">Golden Twenties</a>. It combines 20th-century traditions with the modern architecture of today's Berlin.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA08\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdamer_Platz\" title=\"Potsdamer Platz\" id=\"mwA1A\">Potsdamer Platz</a> is an entire quarter built from scratch after the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Berlin Wall\" id=\"mwA1E\">Wall</a> came down.<sup about=\"#mwt352\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-86\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-86\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-86\" id=\"mwA1I\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA1M\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1Q\">[</span>85<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1U\">]</span></span></a></sup> To the west of Potsdamer Platz is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kulturforum\" title=\"Kulturforum\" id=\"mwA1Y\">Kulturforum</a>, which houses the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gemäldegalerie,_Berlin\" title=\"Gemäldegalerie, Berlin\" id=\"mwA1c\">Gemäldegalerie</a>, and is flanked by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neue_Nationalgalerie\" title=\"Neue Nationalgalerie\" id=\"mwA1g\">Neue Nationalgalerie</a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Philharmonie\" title=\"Berliner Philharmonie\" id=\"mwA1k\">Berliner Philharmonie</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe\" title=\"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe\" id=\"mwA1o\">Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe</a>, a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Holocaust\" title=\"Holocaust\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA1s\">Holocaust</a> memorial, is to the north.<sup about=\"#mwt356\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-87\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-87\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-87\" id=\"mwA1w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA14\">[</span>86<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA18\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA2A\">The area around <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hackescher_Markt\" title=\"Hackescher Markt\" id=\"mwA2E\">Hackescher Markt</a> is home to fashionable culture, with countless clothing outlets, clubs, bars, and galleries. This includes the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hackesche_Höfe\" title=\"Hackesche Höfe\" id=\"mwA2I\">Hackesche Höfe</a>, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996. The nearby <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./New_Synagogue,_Berlin\" title=\"New Synagogue, Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA2M\">New Synagogue</a> is the center of Jewish culture.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA2Q\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Straße_des_17._Juni\" title=\"Straße des 17. Juni\" id=\"mwA2U\">Straße des 17. Juni</a>, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ernst-Reuter-Platz\" title=\"Ernst-Reuter-Platz\" id=\"mwA2Y\">Ernst-Reuter-Platz</a>, serves as the central east–west axis. Its name commemorates the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uprising_of_1953_in_East_Germany\" title=\"Uprising of 1953 in East Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA2c\">uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953</a>. Approximately halfway from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Victory_Column\" title=\"Berlin Victory Column\" id=\"mwA2g\">Siegessäule</a> (Victory Column) is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938–39 from its previous position in front of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\" id=\"mwA2k\">Reichstag</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA2o\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kurfürstendamm\" title=\"Kurfürstendamm\" id=\"mwA2s\">Kurfürstendamm</a> is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores with the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaiser_Wilhelm_Memorial_Church\" title=\"Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church\" id=\"mwA2w\">Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church</a> at its eastern end on <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Breitscheidplatz\" title=\"Breitscheidplatz\" id=\"mwA20\">Breitscheidplatz</a>. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins. Nearby on <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tauentzienstraße\" title=\"Tauentzienstraße\" id=\"mwA24\">Tauentzienstraße</a> is <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./KaDeWe\" title=\"KaDeWe\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA28\">KaDeWe</a>, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rathaus_Schöneberg\" title=\"Rathaus Schöneberg\" id=\"mwA3A\">Rathaus Schöneberg</a>, where <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_F._Kennedy\" title=\"John F. Kennedy\" id=\"mwA3E\">John F. Kennedy</a> made his famous \"<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ich_bin_ein_Berliner\" title=\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" id=\"mwA3I\">Ich bin ein Berliner</a>!\" speech, is in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempelhof-Schöneberg\" title=\"Tempelhof-Schöneberg\" id=\"mwA3M\">Tempelhof-Schöneberg</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA3Q\">West of the center, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bellevue_Palace_(Germany)\" title=\"Bellevue Palace (Germany)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA3U\">Bellevue Palace</a> is the residence of the German President. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg_Palace\" title=\"Charlottenburg Palace\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA3Y\">Charlottenburg Palace</a>, which was burnt out in the Second World War, is the largest historical palace in Berlin.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA3c\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Funkturm_Berlin\" title=\"Funkturm Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA3g\">Funkturm Berlin</a> is a <span about=\"#mwt357\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA3k\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"150\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"ft\"},\"adj\":{\"wt\":\"mid\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"-tall\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>150-meter-tall (490</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt357\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt357\">ft)</span> lattice radio tower in the fairground area, built between 1924 and 1926. It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators and has a restaurant <span about=\"#mwt358\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA3o\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"55\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>55</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt358\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt358\">m (180</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt358\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt358\">ft)</span> and an observation deck <span about=\"#mwt359\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA3s\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"126\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>126</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt359\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt359\">m (413</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt359\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt359\">ft)</span> above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA3w\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oberbaumbrücke\" title=\"Oberbaumbrücke\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA30\">Oberbaumbrücke</a> over the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\" id=\"mwA34\">Spree river</a> is Berlin's most iconic bridge, connecting the now-combined boroughs of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshain\" title=\"Friedrichshain\" id=\"mwA38\">Friedrichshain</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kreuzberg\" title=\"Kreuzberg\" id=\"mwA4A\">Kreuzberg</a>. It carries vehicles, pedestrians, and the U1 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_U-Bahn\" title=\"Berlin U-Bahn\" id=\"mwA4E\">Berlin U-Bahn</a> line. The bridge was completed in a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brick_gothic\" title=\"Brick gothic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA4I\">brick gothic</a> style in 1896, replacing the former wooden bridge with an upper deck for the U-Bahn. The center portion was demolished in 1945 to stop the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Red_Army\" title=\"Red Army\" id=\"mwA4M\">Red Army</a> from crossing. After the war, the repaired bridge served as a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_border_crossings\" title=\"Berlin border crossings\" id=\"mwA4Q\">checkpoint and border crossing</a> between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. In the mid-1950s, it was closed to vehicles, and after the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, pedestrian traffic was heavily restricted. Following German reunification, the center portion was reconstructed with a steel frame, and U-Bahn service resumed in 1995.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA4U\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Washingtonplatz?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Washingtonplatz\" about=\"#mwt360\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs\" class=\"new\" id=\"mwA4Y\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ill\",\"href\":\"./Template:Ill\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Washingtonplatz\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Washingtonplatz\"]}}'>Washingtonplatz</a><span class=\"noprint\" style=\"font-size:85%; font-style: normal; \" about=\"#mwt360\" id=\"mwA4c\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonplatz\" title=\"de:Washingtonplatz\" class=\"extiw\">de</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></span> is located in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moabit\" title=\"Moabit\" id=\"mwA4g\">Moabit</a> area, on the southern side of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_central_station\" title=\"Berlin central station\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA4k\">Berlin central station</a>, between the train station building and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_Canal\" title=\"Spree Canal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA4o\">Spree</a>, linking the station to the parliament and government quarter. The square was refurbished in 2010-2013, covered in Silesian granite and landscaping features added.<sup about=\"#mwt363\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-88\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-88\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-88\" id=\"mwA4s\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA4w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA40\">[</span>87<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA44\">]</span></span></a></sup> The 10-storey glass-clad office building known as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cube_Berlin\" title=\"Cube Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA48\">Cube Berlin</a>, completed in 2020, is on Washingtonplatz.<sup about=\"#mwt366\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-89\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-89\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-89\" id=\"mwA5A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA5E\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5I\">[</span>88<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5M\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt369\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-90\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-90\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-90\" id=\"mwA5Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA5U\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5Y\">[</span>89<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5c\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt370\" id=\"mwA5g\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"widths\":\"150\",\"heights\":\"150\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA5k\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA5o\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA5s\"><a href=\"./File:Gendarmenmarkt_Panorama.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Panorama of the Gendarmenmarkt, showing the Konzerthaus Berlin, flanked by the German Church (left) and French Church (right)\" id=\"mwA5w\"><img resource=\"./File:Gendarmenmarkt_Panorama.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gendarmenmarkt_Panorama.jpg/250px-Gendarmenmarkt_Panorama.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gendarmenmarkt_Panorama.jpg/330px-Gendarmenmarkt_Panorama.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Panorama of the Gendarmenmarkt, showing the Konzerthaus Berlin, flanked by the German Church (left) and French Church (right)\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"944\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"69\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA50\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA54\">Panorama of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gendarmenmarkt\" title=\"Gendarmenmarkt\" id=\"mwA58\">Gendarmenmarkt</a>, showing the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Konzerthaus_Berlin\" title=\"Konzerthaus Berlin\" id=\"mwA6A\">Konzerthaus Berlin</a>, flanked by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neue_Kirche,_Berlin\" title=\"Neue Kirche, Berlin\" id=\"mwA6E\">German Church</a> (left) and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./French_Cathedral,_Berlin\" title=\"French Cathedral, Berlin\" id=\"mwA6I\">French Church</a> (right)</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA6M\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA6Q\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA6U\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_James-Simon-Galerie_asv2019-07_img2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"James Simon Gallery\" id=\"mwA6Y\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_James-Simon-Galerie_asv2019-07_img2.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Berlin_James-Simon-Galerie_asv2019-07_img2.jpg/250px-Berlin_James-Simon-Galerie_asv2019-07_img2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Berlin_James-Simon-Galerie_asv2019-07_img2.jpg/330px-Berlin_James-Simon-Galerie_asv2019-07_img2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"James Simon Gallery\" data-file-width=\"7734\" data-file-height=\"3867\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"75\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA6c\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA6g\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./James_Simon_Gallery\" title=\"James Simon Gallery\" id=\"mwA6k\">James Simon Gallery</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA6o\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA6s\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA6w\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin-BerlinerSchloss-2-Asio_(cropped).JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Berlin Palace/Humboldt Forum\" id=\"mwA60\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin-BerlinerSchloss-2-Asio_(cropped).JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Berlin-BerlinerSchloss-2-Asio_%28cropped%29.JPG/250px-Berlin-BerlinerSchloss-2-Asio_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Berlin-BerlinerSchloss-2-Asio_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Berlin-BerlinerSchloss-2-Asio_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Berlin Palace/Humboldt Forum\" data-file-width=\"4295\" data-file-height=\"3140\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"110\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA64\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA68\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Palace\" title=\"Berlin Palace\" id=\"mwA7A\">Berlin Palace</a>/<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Humboldt_Forum\" title=\"Humboldt Forum\" id=\"mwA7E\">Humboldt Forum</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA7I\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA7M\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA7Q\"><a href=\"./File:Berliner_Dom_seen_from_James_Simon_Park.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"The Berlin Cathedral at Museum Island\" id=\"mwA7U\"><img resource=\"./File:Berliner_Dom_seen_from_James_Simon_Park.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Berliner_Dom_seen_from_James_Simon_Park.jpg/120px-Berliner_Dom_seen_from_James_Simon_Park.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Berliner_Dom_seen_from_James_Simon_Park.jpg/250px-Berliner_Dom_seen_from_James_Simon_Park.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"The Berlin Cathedral at Museum Island\" data-file-width=\"2400\" data-file-height=\"3000\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"150\" width=\"120\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA7Y\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA7c\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Cathedral\" title=\"Berlin Cathedral\" id=\"mwA7g\">Berlin Cathedral</a> at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\" id=\"mwA7k\">Museum Island</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA7o\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA7s\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA7w\"><a href=\"./File:Fernsehturm,_Berlín,_Alemania,_2016-04-22,_DD_40-42_HDR.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"The TV Tower (Berliner Fernsehturm)\" id=\"mwA70\"><img resource=\"./File:Fernsehturm,_Berlín,_Alemania,_2016-04-22,_DD_40-42_HDR.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fernsehturm%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-22%2C_DD_40-42_HDR.jpg/250px-Fernsehturm%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-22%2C_DD_40-42_HDR.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fernsehturm%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-22%2C_DD_40-42_HDR.jpg/330px-Fernsehturm%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-22%2C_DD_40-42_HDR.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"The TV Tower (Berliner Fernsehturm)\" data-file-width=\"6406\" data-file-height=\"5666\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"133\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA74\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA78\">The TV Tower (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fernsehturm_Berlin\" title=\"Fernsehturm Berlin\" id=\"mwA8A\">Berliner Fernsehturm</a>)</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA8E\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA8I\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA8M\"><a href=\"./File:Brandemburger_Tor_de_noche_-_panoramio.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Brandenburg Gate at night\" id=\"mwA8Q\"><img resource=\"./File:Brandemburger_Tor_de_noche_-_panoramio.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Brandemburger_Tor_de_noche_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Brandemburger_Tor_de_noche_-_panoramio.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Brandemburger_Tor_de_noche_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Brandemburger_Tor_de_noche_-_panoramio.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Brandenburg Gate at night\" data-file-width=\"500\" data-file-height=\"374\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"112\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA8U\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA8Y\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg_Gate\" title=\"Brandenburg Gate\" id=\"mwA8c\">Brandenburg Gate</a> at night</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA8g\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA8k\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA8o\"><a href=\"./File:Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Breitscheidplatz with Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is the center of City West.\" id=\"mwA8s\"><img resource=\"./File:Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg/250px-Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg/330px-Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Breitscheidplatz with Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is the center of City West.\" data-file-width=\"2000\" data-file-height=\"1502\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"113\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA8w\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA80\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Breitscheidplatz\" title=\"Breitscheidplatz\" id=\"mwA84\">Breitscheidplatz</a> with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaiser_Wilhelm_Memorial_Church\" title=\"Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church\" id=\"mwA88\">Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church</a> is the center of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_West\" title=\"City West\" id=\"mwA9A\">City West</a>.</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA9E\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA9I\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA9M\"><a href=\"./File:Schloß_Charlottenburg_&amp;_Schloßpark_(1).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Schloss Charlottenburg, one of the largest palaces in the world\" id=\"mwA9Q\"><img resource=\"./File:Schloß_Charlottenburg_&amp;_Schloßpark_(1).jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Schlo%C3%9F_Charlottenburg_%26_Schlo%C3%9Fpark_%281%29.jpg/250px-Schlo%C3%9F_Charlottenburg_%26_Schlo%C3%9Fpark_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Schlo%C3%9F_Charlottenburg_%26_Schlo%C3%9Fpark_%281%29.jpg/330px-Schlo%C3%9F_Charlottenburg_%26_Schlo%C3%9Fpark_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Schloss Charlottenburg, one of the largest palaces in the world\" data-file-width=\"924\" data-file-height=\"701\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"114\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA9U\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA9Y\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schloss_Charlottenburg\" title=\"Schloss Charlottenburg\" id=\"mwA9c\">Schloss Charlottenburg</a>, one of the largest palaces in the world</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA9g\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA9k\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA9o\"><a href=\"./File:Unter_den_Linden_von_oben_cropped.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"View over Unter den Linden\" id=\"mwA9s\"><img resource=\"./File:Unter_den_Linden_von_oben_cropped.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Unter_den_Linden_von_oben_cropped.jpg/250px-Unter_den_Linden_von_oben_cropped.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Unter_den_Linden_von_oben_cropped.jpg/330px-Unter_den_Linden_von_oben_cropped.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"View over Unter den Linden\" data-file-width=\"1561\" data-file-height=\"1113\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"107\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA9w\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA90\">View over <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Unter_den_Linden\" title=\"Unter den Linden\" id=\"mwA94\">Unter den Linden</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA98\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA-A\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA-E\"><a href=\"./File:Reichstagsgebäude,_Berlin-Mitte,_170402,_ako.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Reichstag building\" id=\"mwA-I\"><img resource=\"./File:Reichstagsgebäude,_Berlin-Mitte,_170402,_ako.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Reichstagsgeb%C3%A4ude%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_170402%2C_ako.jpg/250px-Reichstagsgeb%C3%A4ude%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_170402%2C_ako.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Reichstagsgeb%C3%A4ude%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_170402%2C_ako.jpg/330px-Reichstagsgeb%C3%A4ude%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_170402%2C_ako.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Reichstag building\" data-file-width=\"5472\" data-file-height=\"3648\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA-M\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA-Q\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\" id=\"mwA-U\">Reichstag building</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA-Y\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA-c\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA-g\"><a href=\"./File:Nikolaikirche_in_Berlin_-_panoramio.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Nikolaiviertel, one of the oldest parts of Berlin\" id=\"mwA-k\"><img resource=\"./File:Nikolaikirche_in_Berlin_-_panoramio.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nikolaikirche_in_Berlin_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Nikolaikirche_in_Berlin_-_panoramio.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nikolaikirche_in_Berlin_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Nikolaikirche_in_Berlin_-_panoramio.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Nikolaiviertel, one of the oldest parts of Berlin\" data-file-width=\"3008\" data-file-height=\"2000\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA-o\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA-s\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nikolaiviertel\" title=\"Nikolaiviertel\" id=\"mwA-w\">Nikolaiviertel</a>, one of the oldest parts of Berlin</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwA-0\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwA-4\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA-8\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_-_Kürfurstendamm_Gehsteig.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Kurfürstendamm\" id=\"mwA_A\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_-_Kürfurstendamm_Gehsteig.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Berlin_-_K%C3%BCrfurstendamm_Gehsteig.jpg/250px-Berlin_-_K%C3%BCrfurstendamm_Gehsteig.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Berlin_-_K%C3%BCrfurstendamm_Gehsteig.jpg/330px-Berlin_-_K%C3%BCrfurstendamm_Gehsteig.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Kurfürstendamm\" data-file-width=\"3882\" data-file-height=\"2710\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"105\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA_E\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA_I\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kurfürstendamm\" title=\"Kurfürstendamm\" id=\"mwA_M\">Kurfürstendamm</a></div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"14\" id=\"mwA_Q\"><h2 id=\"Demographics\">Demographics</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt371\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA_U\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Demographics of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt372\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt371\" id=\"mwA_Y\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Demographics_of_Berlin\" title=\"Demographics of Berlin\">Demographics of Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwA_c\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwA_g\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Berlin_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/250px-Berlin_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Berlin_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/500px-Berlin_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2623\" data-file-height=\"2103\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"200\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA_k\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwA_o\">Berlin population pyramid in 2022</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwA_s\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_population2.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwA_w\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_population2.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Berlin_population2.svg/250px-Berlin_population2.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Berlin_population2.svg/500px-Berlin_population2.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"400\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"125\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA_0\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwA_4\">Berlin's population, 1880–2012</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwA_8\">At the end of 2024 the city-state of Berlin had 3.897<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBAA\"> </span>million registered inhabitants,<sup about=\"#mwt378\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Bevölkerungsprognose_Berlin_91-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Bevölkerungsprognose Berlin\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Bevölkerungsprognose_Berlin-91\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Bevölkerungsprognose_Berlin-91\" id=\"mwBAE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBAI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAM\">[</span>90<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> in an area of <span about=\"#mwt373\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBAU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"891\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"km2\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>891</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt373\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt373\">km</span><sup about=\"#mwt373\">2</sup><span about=\"#mwt373\"> (344</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt373\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt373\">sq</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt373\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt373\">mi)</span>.<sup about=\"#mwt379\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2_1-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg-2\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2-1\" id=\"mwBAY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBAc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAg\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAk\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits\" title=\"Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBAo\">most populous city proper</a> in the European Union. In 2021, the urban area of Berlin had a population of over 4.6<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBAs\"> </span>million inhabitants.<sup about=\"#mwt380\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UrbanAgglomerations_4-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UrbanAgglomerations\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UrbanAgglomerations-4\" id=\"mwBAw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBA0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBA4\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBA8\">]</span></span></a></sup> <span about=\"#mwt374\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBBA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"As of\",\"href\":\"./Template:As_of\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2019\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>As of 2019</span><sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\" about=\"#mwt374\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>update<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" about=\"#mwt374\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2019\" about=\"#mwt374\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements\" about=\"#mwt374\" id=\"mwBBE\"/>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Larger_Urban_Zones\" title=\"Larger Urban Zones\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBBI\">functional urban area</a> was home to about 5.2<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBBM\"> </span>million people.<sup about=\"#mwt382\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-92\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-92\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-92\" id=\"mwBBQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBBU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBBY\">[</span>91<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBBc\">]</span></span></a></sup> The entire <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin/Brandenburg_Metropolitan_Region\" title=\"Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region\" id=\"mwBBg\">Berlin-Brandenburg capital region</a> has a population of more than 6<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBBk\"> </span>million in an area of <span about=\"#mwt375\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBBo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"30546\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"km2\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"0\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>30,546</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt375\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt375\">km</span><sup about=\"#mwt375\">2</sup><span about=\"#mwt375\"> (11,794</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt375\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt375\">sq</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt375\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt375\">mi)</span>.<sup about=\"#mwt385\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-93\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-93\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-93\" id=\"mwBBs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBBw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBB0\">[</span>92<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBB4\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt386\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2_1-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg-2\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2-1\" id=\"mwBB8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBCA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBCE\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBCI\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt387\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBCM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"historical populations\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Historical_populations\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1721\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"65300\\n\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"1750\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"113289\\n\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"1800\"},\"6\":{\"wt\":\"172132\\n\"},\"7\":{\"wt\":\"1815\"},\"8\":{\"wt\":\"197717\\n\"},\"9\":{\"wt\":\"1825\"},\"10\":{\"wt\":\"220277\\n\"},\"11\":{\"wt\":\"1840\"},\"12\":{\"wt\":\"330230\\n\"},\"13\":{\"wt\":\"1852\"},\"14\":{\"wt\":\"438958\\n\"},\"15\":{\"wt\":\"1861\"},\"16\":{\"wt\":\"547571\\n\"},\"17\":{\"wt\":\"1871\"},\"18\":{\"wt\":\"826341\\n\"},\"19\":{\"wt\":\"1880\"},\"20\":{\"wt\":\"1122330\\n\"},\"21\":{\"wt\":\"1890\"},\"22\":{\"wt\":\"1578794\\n\"},\"23\":{\"wt\":\"1900\"},\"24\":{\"wt\":\"1888848\\n\"},\"25\":{\"wt\":\"1910\"},\"26\":{\"wt\":\"2071257\\n\"},\"27\":{\"wt\":\"1920\"},\"28\":{\"wt\":\"3879409\\n\"},\"29\":{\"wt\":\"1925\"},\"30\":{\"wt\":\"4082778\\n\"},\"31\":{\"wt\":\"1933\"},\"32\":{\"wt\":\"4221024\\n\"},\"33\":{\"wt\":\"1939\"},\"34\":{\"wt\":\"4330640\\n\"},\"35\":{\"wt\":\"1945\"},\"36\":{\"wt\":\"3064629\\n\"},\"37\":{\"wt\":\"1950\"},\"38\":{\"wt\":\"3336026\\n\"},\"39\":{\"wt\":\"1960\"},\"40\":{\"wt\":\"3274016\\n\"},\"41\":{\"wt\":\"1970\"},\"42\":{\"wt\":\"3208719\\n\"},\"43\":{\"wt\":\"1980\"},\"44\":{\"wt\":\"3048759\\n\"},\"45\":{\"wt\":\"1990\"},\"46\":{\"wt\":\"3433695\\n\"},\"47\":{\"wt\":\"2000\"},\"48\":{\"wt\":\"3388434\\n\"},\"49\":{\"wt\":\"2011\"},\"50\":{\"wt\":\"3292365\\n\"},\"51\":{\"wt\":\"2022\"},\"52\":{\"wt\":\"3596999\\n\"},\"footnote\":{\"wt\":\"Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1311205167\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt388\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Historical populations/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important;float:none!important;margin:auto!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none;display:block}}</style></span><table class=\"table-pale\" style=\"width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;\" about=\"#mwt387\" id=\"mwBCQ\"><caption class=\"caption-purple\" style=\"padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold\">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style=\"font-size:95%\"><th style=\"border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em\">Year</th><th style=\"border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right\"><abbr title=\"Population\" class=\"abbr-header\">Pop.</abbr></th><th style=\"border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right\"><abbr title=\"Percent change\" class=\"abbr-header\">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1721</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">65,300</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">—<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span></td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1750</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">113,289</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+73.5%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1800</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">172,132</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+51.9%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1815</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">197,717</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">1825</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">220,277</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">+11.4%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1840</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">330,230</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+49.9%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1852</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">438,958</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+32.9%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1861</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">547,571</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+24.7%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1871</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">826,341</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+50.9%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">1880</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">1,122,330</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">+35.8%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1890</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">1,578,794</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+40.7%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1900</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">1,888,848</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+19.6%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1910</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">2,071,257</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1920</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,879,409</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+87.3%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">1925</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">4,082,778</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">+5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1933</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">4,221,024</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1939</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">4,330,640</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+2.6%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1945</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,064,629</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">−29.2%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1950</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,336,026</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+8.9%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">1960</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">3,274,016</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">−1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1970</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,208,719</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">−2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1980</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,048,759</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">−5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">1990</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,433,695</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+12.6%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">2000</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,388,434</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">−1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">2011</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">3,292,365</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb\">−2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style=\"text-align:center;padding:1px\">2022</th><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">3,596,999</td><td style=\"text-align:right;padding:1px\">+9.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left\">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.</td></tr></tbody></table>\n\n<p id=\"mwBCU\">In 2014, the city-state Berlin had 37,368 live births (+7%), a record number since 1991. The number of deaths was 32,314. Almost 2 million households were counted in the city, of which 54% were inhabited by a single person. More than 337,000 families with children under the age of 18 lived in Berlin. In 2014, the German capital registered a migration surplus of approximately 40,000 people.<sup about=\"#mwt390\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-94\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-94\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-94\" id=\"mwBCY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBCc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBCg\">[</span>93<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBCk\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"15\" id=\"mwBCo\"><h3 id=\"Nationalities\">Nationalities</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBCs\"><a href=\"./File:Einwohnerinnen_und_Einwohner_ohne_Migrationshintergrund_in_Berlin_am_31._Dezember_2020_nach_Bezirken.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBCw\"><img resource=\"./File:Einwohnerinnen_und_Einwohner_ohne_Migrationshintergrund_in_Berlin_am_31._Dezember_2020_nach_Bezirken.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Einwohnerinnen_und_Einwohner_ohne_Migrationshintergrund_in_Berlin_am_31._Dezember_2020_nach_Bezirken.svg/250px-Einwohnerinnen_und_Einwohner_ohne_Migrationshintergrund_in_Berlin_am_31._Dezember_2020_nach_Bezirken.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Einwohnerinnen_und_Einwohner_ohne_Migrationshintergrund_in_Berlin_am_31._Dezember_2020_nach_Bezirken.svg/500px-Einwohnerinnen_und_Einwohner_ohne_Migrationshintergrund_in_Berlin_am_31._Dezember_2020_nach_Bezirken.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4330\" data-file-height=\"3875\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"224\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBC0\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBC4\">Residents without a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Migration_background\" title=\"Migration background\" id=\"mwBC8\">migration background</a> in Berlin on 31 December 2020 by district</figcaption></figure>\n<table class=\"wikitable floatright\" id=\"mwBDA\">\n<caption id=\"mwBDE\">Residents by citizenship <small id=\"mwBDI\">(31 December 2023)</small><sup about=\"#mwt393\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" id=\"mwBDM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBDQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBDU\">[</span>94<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBDY\">]</span></span></a></sup></caption>\n<tbody id=\"mwBDc\"><tr id=\"mwBDg\">\n<th id=\"mwBDk\">Country</th><th id=\"mwBDo\">Population</th></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBDs\">\n<td id=\"mwBDw\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt394\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBD0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Germany\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Germany\" title=\"Germany\" about=\"#mwt394\" id=\"mwBD4\">Germany</a></td><td id=\"mwBD8\">2,931,731</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBEA\"> \n<td id=\"mwBEE\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt395\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBEI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Turkey\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/60px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Turkey\" title=\"Turkey\" about=\"#mwt395\" id=\"mwBEM\">Turkey</a></td><td id=\"mwBEQ\">107,022</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBEU\">\n<td id=\"mwBEY\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt396\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBEc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Ukraine\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ukraine\" title=\"Ukraine\" about=\"#mwt396\" id=\"mwBEg\">Ukraine</a></td><td id=\"mwBEk\">62,495</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBEo\">\n<td id=\"mwBEs\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt397\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBEw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Poland\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Poland.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Poland\" title=\"Poland\" about=\"#mwt397\" id=\"mwBE0\">Poland</a></td><td id=\"mwBE4\">54,099</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBE8\">\n<td id=\"mwBFA\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt398\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBFE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Syria\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Syria_(2025-).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Syria_%282025-%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Syria_%282025-%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Syria_%282025-%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Syria_%282025-%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Syria\" title=\"Syria\" about=\"#mwt398\" id=\"mwBFI\">Syria</a></td><td id=\"mwBFM\">48,301</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBFQ\">\n<td id=\"mwBFU\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt399\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBFY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Russia\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Russia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Russia\" title=\"Russia\" about=\"#mwt399\" id=\"mwBFc\">Russia</a></td><td id=\"mwBFg\">37,815</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBFk\">\n<td id=\"mwBFo\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt400\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBFs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Italy\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Italy.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1500\" data-file-height=\"1000\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Italy\" title=\"Italy\" about=\"#mwt400\" id=\"mwBFw\">Italy</a></td><td id=\"mwBF0\">33,732</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBF4\">\n<td id=\"mwBF8\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt401\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBGA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"India\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_India.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/60px-Flag_of_India.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./India\" title=\"India\" about=\"#mwt401\" id=\"mwBGE\">India</a></td><td id=\"mwBGI\">33,257</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBGM\">\n<td id=\"mwBGQ\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt402\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBGU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Bulgaria\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bulgaria\" title=\"Bulgaria\" about=\"#mwt402\" id=\"mwBGY\">Bulgaria</a></td><td id=\"mwBGc\">33,256</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBGg\">\n<td id=\"mwBGk\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt403\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBGo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Romania\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Romania.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"400\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Romania\" title=\"Romania\" about=\"#mwt403\" id=\"mwBGs\">Romania</a></td><td id=\"mwBGw\">28,843</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBG0\">\n<td id=\"mwBG4\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt404\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBG8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Vietnam\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vietnam\" title=\"Vietnam\" about=\"#mwt404\" id=\"mwBHA\">Vietnam</a></td><td id=\"mwBHE\">25,851</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBHI\">\n<td id=\"mwBHM\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt405\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBHQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Afghanistan\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"500\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Afghanistan\" title=\"Afghanistan\" about=\"#mwt405\" id=\"mwBHU\">Afghanistan</a></td><td id=\"mwBHY\">22,172</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBHc\">\n<td id=\"mwBHg\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt406\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBHk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"United States\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_States\" title=\"United States\" about=\"#mwt406\" id=\"mwBHo\">United States</a></td><td id=\"mwBHs\">21,743</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBHw\">\n<td id=\"mwBH0\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt407\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBH4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Serbia\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1350\" data-file-height=\"900\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Serbia\" title=\"Serbia\" about=\"#mwt407\" id=\"mwBH8\">Serbia</a></td><td id=\"mwBIA\">21,305</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwBIE\">\n<td id=\"mwBII\"><span class=\"flagicon nowrap\" about=\"#mwt408\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBIM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"flag\",\"href\":\"./Template:Flag\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"France\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_France.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./France\" title=\"France\" about=\"#mwt408\" id=\"mwBIQ\">France</a></td><td id=\"mwBIU\">19,484</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"mw-empty-elt\" id=\"mwBIY\"></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n\n<p id=\"mwBIc\">National and international migration into the city has a long history. In 1685, after the revocation of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Edict_of_Nantes\" title=\"Edict of Nantes\" id=\"mwBIg\">Edict of Nantes</a> in France, the city responded with the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Edict_of_Potsdam\" title=\"Edict of Potsdam\" id=\"mwBIk\">Edict of Potsdam</a>, which guaranteed religious freedom and tax-free status to French Huguenot refugees for ten years. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Greater_Berlin_Act\" title=\"Greater Berlin Act\" id=\"mwBIo\">Greater Berlin Act</a> in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin. It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBIs\"> </span>million to 4<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBIw\"> </span>million.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBI0\">Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s. Berlin is home to at least 180,000 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Turkish_people\" title=\"Turkish people\" id=\"mwBI4\">Turkish</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Turks_in_Germany\" title=\"Turks in Germany\" id=\"mwBI8\">Turkish German</a> residents,<sup about=\"#mwt409\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" id=\"mwBJA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBJE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJI\">[</span>94<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJM\">]</span></span></a></sup> making it the largest Turkish community outside of Turkey.<sup about=\"#mwt412\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-96\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-96\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-96\" id=\"mwBJQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBJU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJY\">[</span>95<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJc\">]</span></span></a></sup> In the 1990s the <i id=\"mwBJg\">Aussiedlergesetze</i> enabled immigration to Germany of some residents from the former <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Soviet_Union\" title=\"Soviet Union\" id=\"mwBJk\">Soviet Union</a>. Today ethnic <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./History_of_Germans_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union\" title=\"History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBJo\">Germans</a> from countries of the former Soviet Union make up the largest portion of the Russian-speaking community.<sup about=\"#mwt415\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-97\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-97\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-97\" id=\"mwBJs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBJw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJ0\">[</span>96<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJ4\">]</span></span></a></sup> The last decade experienced an influx from various Western countries and some African regions.<sup about=\"#mwt418\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-98\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-98\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-98\" id=\"mwBJ8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBKA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBKE\">[</span>97<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBKI\">]</span></span></a></sup> A portion of the African immigrants have settled in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Afrikanisches_Viertel\" title=\"Afrikanisches Viertel\" id=\"mwBKM\">Afrikanisches Viertel</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt421\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-99\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-99\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-99\" id=\"mwBKQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBKU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBKY\">[</span>98<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBKc\">]</span></span></a></sup> Young Germans, EU-Europeans and Israelis have also settled in the city.<sup about=\"#mwt424\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-100\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-100\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-100\" id=\"mwBKg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBKk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBKo\">[</span>99<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBKs\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBKw\">In December 2019 there were 777,345 registered residents of foreign nationality and another 542,975 German citizens with a \"<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Migration_background\" title=\"Migration background\" id=\"mwBK0\">migration background</a>\" <i id=\"mwBK4\">(Migrationshintergrund, MH)</i>,<sup about=\"#mwt425\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" id=\"mwBK8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBLA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLE\">[</span>94<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLI\">]</span></span></a></sup> meaning they or one of their parents immigrated to Germany after 1955. Foreign residents of Berlin originate from about 190 countries.<sup about=\"#mwt428\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-101\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-101\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-101\" id=\"mwBLM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBLQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLU\">[</span>100<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLY\">]</span></span></a></sup> 48 percent of the residents under the age of 15 have a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Migration_background\" title=\"Migration background\" id=\"mwBLc\">migration background</a> in 2017.<sup about=\"#mwt432\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-102\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-102\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-102\" id=\"mwBLg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBLk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLo\">[</span>101<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLs\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin in 2009 was estimated to have 100,000 to 250,000 unregistered inhabitants.<sup about=\"#mwt435\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-103\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-103\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-103\" id=\"mwBLw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBL0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBL4\">[</span>102<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBL8\">]</span></span></a></sup> Boroughs of Berlin with a significant number of migrants or foreign born population are <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mitte\" title=\"Mitte\" id=\"mwBMA\">Mitte</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neukölln\" title=\"Neukölln\" id=\"mwBME\">Neukölln</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg\" title=\"Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg\" id=\"mwBMI\">Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt438\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-104\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-104\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-104\" id=\"mwBMM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBMQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBMU\">[</span>103<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBMY\">]</span></span></a></sup> The number of Arabic speakers in Berlin could be higher than 150,000. There are at least 40,000 Berliners with Syrian citizenship, third only behind Turkish and Polish citizens. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2015_European_migrant_crisis\" title=\"2015 European migrant crisis\" id=\"mwBMc\">2015 refugee crisis</a> made Berlin Europe's capital of Arab culture.<sup about=\"#mwt441\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-105\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-105\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-105\" id=\"mwBMg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBMk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBMo\">[</span>104<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBMs\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is among the cities in Germany that received the biggest amount of refugees after the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\" title=\"2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine\" id=\"mwBMw\">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. As of November 2022, an estimated 85,000 Ukrainian refugees were registered in Berlin,<sup about=\"#mwt444\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-106\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-106\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-106\" id=\"mwBM0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBM4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBM8\">[</span>105<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBNA\">]</span></span></a></sup> making Berlin the most popular destination of Ukrainian refugees in Germany.<sup about=\"#mwt447\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-107\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-107\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-107\" id=\"mwBNE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBNI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBNM\">[</span>106<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBNQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBNU\">Berlin has an active <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Expatriate\" title=\"Expatriate\" id=\"mwBNY\">expatriate</a> community, for instance increasingly students and highly skilled workers from India.<sup about=\"#mwt450\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-108\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-108\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-108\" id=\"mwBNc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBNg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBNk\">[</span>107<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBNo\">]</span></span></a></sup> Therefore, Berlin sustains a broad variety of English-based speakers. Speaking a particular type of English does attract prestige and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cultural_capital\" title=\"Cultural capital\" id=\"mwBNs\">cultural capital</a> in Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt453\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-109\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-109\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-109\" id=\"mwBNw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBN0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBN4\">[</span>108<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBN8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"16\" id=\"mwBOA\"><h3 id=\"Languages\">Languages</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt454\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBOE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"German language\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Berlinerisch dialect\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt455\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt454\" id=\"mwBOI\">Main articles: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_language\" title=\"German language\">German language</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlinerisch_dialect\" title=\"Berlinerisch dialect\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Berlinerisch dialect</a></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwBOM\">German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin. It is a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Germanic_languages\" title=\"West Germanic languages\" id=\"mwBOQ\">West Germanic language</a> that derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Indo-European_languages\" title=\"Indo-European languages\" id=\"mwBOU\">Indo-European</a> language family. German is one of 24 languages of the European Union,<sup about=\"#mwt458\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-110\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-110\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-110\" id=\"mwBOY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBOc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBOg\">[</span>109<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBOk\">]</span></span></a></sup> and one of the three <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Working_language\" title=\"Working language\" id=\"mwBOo\">working languages</a> of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_Commission\" title=\"European Commission\" id=\"mwBOs\">European Commission</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBOw\">Berlinerisch or Berlinisch is not a dialect linguistically. It is spoken in Berlin and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin/Brandenburg_Metropolitan_Region\" title=\"Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region\" id=\"mwBO0\">surrounding metropolitan area</a>. It originates from a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburgisch_dialect\" title=\"Brandenburgisch dialect\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBO4\">Brandenburgish</a> variant. The dialect is now seen more like a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sociolect\" title=\"Sociolect\" id=\"mwBO8\">sociolect</a>, largely through increased immigration and trends among the educated population to speak <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Standard_German\" title=\"Standard German\" id=\"mwBPA\">standard German</a> in everyday life.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBPE\">The most commonly spoken foreign languages in Berlin are Turkish, Polish, English, Persian, Arabic, Italian, Bulgarian, Russian, Romanian, Kurdish, Serbo-Croatian, French, Spanish and Vietnamese. Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, and Serbo-Croatian are heard more often in the western part due to the large Middle Eastern and former-Yugoslavian communities. Polish, English, Russian, and Vietnamese have more native speakers in East Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt461\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-111\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-111\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-111\" id=\"mwBPI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBPM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBPQ\">[</span>110<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBPU\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"17\" id=\"mwBPY\"><h3 id=\"Religion\">Religion</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt462\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBPc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Religion in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt463\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt462\" id=\"mwBPg\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Religion_in_Berlin\" title=\"Religion in Berlin\">Religion in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt464\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBPk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Pie chart\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Pie_chart\"},\"params\":{\"thumb\":{\"wt\":\"right\"},\"caption\":{\"wt\":\"(2022)&lt;ref>[https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2021/SB_A01-05-00_2022h02_BE.pdf &apos;&apos;Statistischer Bericht Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31 Dezember 2022&apos;&apos;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414000343/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2023/SB_A01-05-00_2018h02_BE.pdf |date=14 April 2024 }} (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. Retrieved 22 February 2023.&lt;/ref>\"},\"label1\":{\"wt\":\"Not religious/Atheist\"},\"value1\":{\"wt\":\"72\"},\"color1\":{\"wt\":\"Honeydew\"},\"label2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Protestant Church in Germany|EKD Protestants]]\"},\"value2\":{\"wt\":\"15\"},\"color2\":{\"wt\":\"DodgerBlue\"},\"label3\":{\"wt\":\"[[Catholics]]\"},\"value3\":{\"wt\":\"9\"},\"color3\":{\"wt\":\"DarkOrchid\"},\"label4\":{\"wt\":\"[[Islam]]\"},\"value4\":{\"wt\":\"4\"},\"color4\":{\"wt\":\"Green\"},\"label5\":{\"wt\":\"Jewish\"},\"value5\":{\"wt\":\"1\"},\"color5\":{\"wt\":\"Black\"},\"label6\":{\"wt\":\"Other\"},\"value6\":{\"wt\":\"0.5\"},\"color6\":{\"wt\":\"Red\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1374442995\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt465\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Pie chart/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#333;color:black;border:1px solid var(--border-color-emphasized,black)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div.pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div.smooth-pie-border{display:none}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style></span><div class=\"pie-thumb thumb tright\" about=\"#mwt464\" id=\"mwBPo\"><div class=\"thumbinner\"><div class=\"smooth-pie-container\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"smooth-pie-legend-container\"><div class=\"smooth-pie-caption\">(2022)<sup about=\"#mwt467\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-112\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-112\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-112\" id=\"mwBPs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBPw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBP0\">[</span>111<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBP4\">]</span></span></a></sup></div>\n<ol class=\"smooth-pie-legend\">\n<li><span class=\"l-color\" style=\"-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Honeydew;color:#000\"></span><span class=\"l-label\">Not religious/Atheist 72 (70.9%)</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"l-color\" style=\"-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DodgerBlue;color:#000\"></span><span class=\"l-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Protestant_Church_in_Germany\" title=\"Protestant Church in Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\">EKD Protestants</a> 15 (14.8%)</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"l-color\" style=\"-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkOrchid;color:#000\"></span><span class=\"l-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Catholics\" title=\"Catholics\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Catholics</a> 9 (8.87%)</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"l-color\" style=\"-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Green;color:#000\"></span><span class=\"l-label\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Islam\" title=\"Islam\">Islam</a> 4 (3.94%)</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"l-color\" style=\"-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Black;color:#000\"></span><span class=\"l-label\">Jewish 1 (0.99%)</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"l-color\" style=\"-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Red;color:#000\"></span><span class=\"l-label\">Other 0.5 (0.49%)</span></li>\n</ol>\n</div>\n<div class=\"smooth-pie\" style=\"width:200px;height:200px;background:#888;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t<div class=\"pie50\" style=\"background:Honeydew;color:#000\" title=\"Not religious/Atheist 72 (70.9%)\"></div>\n\t<div class=\"pie50\" style=\"background:Honeydew;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.2113596turn)\" title=\"Not religious/Atheist 72 (70.9%)\"></div>\n\t<div class=\"pie12-5\" style=\"background:DodgerBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.7083596turn)\" title=\"EKD Protestants 15 (14.8%)\"></div>\n\t<div class=\"pie12-5\" style=\"background:DodgerBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.7331429turn)\" title=\"EKD Protestants 15 (14.8%)\"></div>\n\t<div class=\"pie7\" style=\"background:DarkOrchid;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.8570429turn)\" title=\"Catholics 9 (8.87%)\"></div>\n\t<div class=\"pie7\" style=\"background:DarkOrchid;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.8759128turn)\" title=\"Catholics 9 (8.87%)\"></div>\n\t<div style=\"transform: rotate(0.9457128turn); background:Green;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 25.67563604% 0%, 0 100%)\" title=\"Islam 4 (3.94%)\"></div>\n\t<div style=\"transform: rotate(0.9851217turn); background:Black;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.29146673% 0%, 0 100%)\" title=\"Jewish 1 (0.99%)\"></div>\n\t<div style=\"transform: rotate(0.9949739turn); background:Red;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 3.14262660% 0%, 0 100%)\" title=\"Other 0.5 (0.49%)\"></div>\n<div class=\"smooth-pie-border\"></div></div>\n</div></div></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwBP8\">On the report of the 2011 census, approximately 37 percent of the population reported being members of a legally-recognized church or religious organization. The rest either did not belong to such an organization, or there was no information available about them.<sup about=\"#mwt471\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-113\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-113\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-113\" id=\"mwBQA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBQE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBQI\">[</span>112<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBQM\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBQQ\">The largest religious denomination recorded in 2010 was the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Protestant\" title=\"Protestant\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBQU\">Protestant</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Landeskirche\" title=\"Landeskirche\" id=\"mwBQY\">regional church body</a>—the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Evangelical_Church_of_Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian_Upper_Lusatia\" title=\"Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBQc\">Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO)</a>—a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_church\" title=\"United church\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBQg\">united church</a>. EKBO is a member of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Protestant_Church_in_Germany\" title=\"Protestant Church in Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBQk\">Protestant Church in Germany (EKD)</a> and of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Union_of_Protestant_Churches_in_the_EKD\" title=\"Union of Protestant Churches in the EKD\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBQo\">Union of Protestant Churches in the EKD (UEK)</a>. According to the EKBO, their membership accounted for 19% of the local population, while the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Catholic_Church\" title=\"Catholic Church\" id=\"mwBQs\">Roman Catholic Church</a> had 9% of residents registered as its members.<sup about=\"#mwt474\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-114\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-114\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-114\" id=\"mwBQw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBQ0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBQ4\">[</span>113<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBQ8\">]</span></span></a></sup> About 3% of the population identify with other Christian denominations (mostly <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Eastern_Orthodox_Church\" title=\"Eastern Orthodox Church\" id=\"mwBRA\">Eastern Orthodox</a>, but also various Protestants).<sup about=\"#mwt477\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010_115-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg-2010\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010-115\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010-115\" id=\"mwBRE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBRI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBRM\">[</span>114<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBRQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> According to the Berlin residents register, in 2018 15% were members of the Evangelical Church, and 9% were members of the Catholic Church.<sup about=\"#mwt478\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" id=\"mwBRU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBRY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBRc\">[</span>94<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBRg\">]</span></span></a></sup> The government keeps a register of members of these churches for tax purposes, because it collects <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Church_tax#Germany\" title=\"Church tax\" id=\"mwBRk\">church tax</a> on behalf of the churches. It does not keep records of members of other religious organizations which may collect their own church tax, in this way.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBRo\">In 2009, approximately 249,000 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Muslim\" title=\"Muslim\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBRs\">Muslims</a> were reported by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg\" title=\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBRw\">Office of Statistics</a> to be members of mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin,<sup about=\"#mwt481\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-116\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-116\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-116\" id=\"mwBR0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBR4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBR8\">[</span>115<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBSA\">]</span></span></a></sup> while in 2016, the newspaper <i id=\"mwBSE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Tagesspiegel\" title=\"Der Tagesspiegel\" id=\"mwBSI\">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i> estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ramadan\" title=\"Ramadan\" id=\"mwBSM\">Ramadan</a> in Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt482\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Ramadan_117-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Ramadan\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Ramadan-117\" id=\"mwBSQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBSU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBSY\">[</span>116<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBSc\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2019, about 437,000 registered residents, 12% of the total, reported having a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Migration_background\" title=\"Migration background\" id=\"mwBSg\">migration background</a> from one of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Member_states_of_the_Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation\" title=\"Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBSk\">Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt483\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" id=\"mwBSo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBSs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBSw\">[</span>94<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBS0\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt486\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Ramadan_117-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Ramadan\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Ramadan-117\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Ramadan-117\" id=\"mwBS4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBS8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBTA\">[</span>116<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBTE\">]</span></span></a></sup> Between 1992 and 2011 the Muslim population almost doubled.<sup about=\"#mwt489\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-118\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-118\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-118\" id=\"mwBTI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBTM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBTQ\">[</span>117<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBTU\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBTY\">About 1% of Berliners belong to other religions. Of the estimated population of 30,000–45,000 Jewish residents,<sup about=\"#mwt492\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-119\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-119\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-119\" id=\"mwBTc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBTg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBTk\">[</span>118<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBTo\">]</span></span></a></sup> approximately 12,000 are registered members of religious organizations.<sup about=\"#mwt493\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010_115-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg-2010\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010-115\" id=\"mwBTs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBTw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBT0\">[</span>114<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBT4\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBT8\">Berlin is the seat of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Berlin\" title=\"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBUA\">Roman Catholic archbishop of Berlin</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Evangelical_Church_of_Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian_Upper_Lusatia\" title=\"Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBUE\">EKBO</a>'s elected chairperson is titled the bishop of EKBO. Furthermore, Berlin is the seat of many Orthodox cathedrals, such as the Cathedral of St. Boris the Baptist, one of the two seats of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church\" title=\"Bulgarian Orthodox Church\" id=\"mwBUI\">Bulgarian Orthodox</a> Diocese of Western and Central Europe, and the Resurrection of Christ Cathedral of the Diocese of Berlin (Patriarchate of Moscow).</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBUM\">The faithful of the different religions and denominations maintain many <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_places_of_worship_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of places of worship in Berlin\" id=\"mwBUQ\">places of worship in Berlin</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Independent_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church\" title=\"Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBUU\">Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church</a> has 8 parishes of different sizes in Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt496\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-120\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-120\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-120\" id=\"mwBUY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBUc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBUg\">[</span>119<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBUk\">]</span></span></a></sup> There are 36 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Baptist\" title=\"Baptist\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBUo\">Baptist</a> congregations (within <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Union_of_Evangelical_Free_Church_Congregations_in_Germany\" title=\"Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBUs\">Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany</a>), 29 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./New_Apostolic_Church\" title=\"New Apostolic Church\" id=\"mwBUw\">New Apostolic Churches</a>, 15 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_Methodist\" title=\"United Methodist\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBU0\">United Methodist</a> churches, 8 Free Evangelical Congregations, four <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Church_of_Christ,_Scientist\" title=\"Church of Christ, Scientist\" id=\"mwBU4\">Churches of Christ, Scientist</a> (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 11th), 6 congregations of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints\" title=\"The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\" id=\"mwBU8\">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, an <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Old_Catholic\" title=\"Old Catholic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBVA\">Old Catholic</a> church, and an <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Anglican\" title=\"Anglican\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBVE\">Anglican</a> church in Berlin. Berlin has more than 80 mosques,<sup about=\"#mwt499\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-121\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-121\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-121\" id=\"mwBVI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBVM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBVQ\">[</span>120<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBVU\">]</span></span></a></sup> 10 synagogues,<sup about=\"#mwt502\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-122\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-122\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-122\" id=\"mwBVY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBVc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBVg\">[</span>121<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBVk\">]</span></span></a></sup> and 2 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Buddhist\" title=\"Buddhist\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBVo\">Buddhist</a> as well as 4 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hinduism\" title=\"Hinduism\" id=\"mwBVs\">Hindu</a> temples.</p>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt503\" id=\"mwBVw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"widths\":\"150\",\"heights\":\"150\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBV0\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBV4\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBV8\"><a href=\"./File:141227_Berliner_Dom.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Berlin Cathedral\" id=\"mwBWA\"><img resource=\"./File:141227_Berliner_Dom.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/141227_Berliner_Dom.jpg/250px-141227_Berliner_Dom.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/141227_Berliner_Dom.jpg/330px-141227_Berliner_Dom.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Berlin Cathedral\" data-file-width=\"4182\" data-file-height=\"2928\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"105\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBWE\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBWI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Cathedral\" title=\"Berlin Cathedral\" id=\"mwBWM\">Berlin Cathedral</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBWQ\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBWU\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBWY\"><a href=\"./File:Nikolaikirche_202309_(4).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"St. Nicholas Church, Berlin\" id=\"mwBWc\"><img resource=\"./File:Nikolaikirche_202309_(4).jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nikolaikirche_202309_%284%29.jpg/120px-Nikolaikirche_202309_%284%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nikolaikirche_202309_%284%29.jpg/250px-Nikolaikirche_202309_%284%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"St. Nicholas Church, Berlin\" data-file-width=\"2184\" data-file-height=\"3619\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"150\" width=\"90\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBWg\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBWk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./St._Nicholas_Church,_Berlin\" title=\"St. Nicholas Church, Berlin\" id=\"mwBWo\">St. Nicholas Church, Berlin</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBWs\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBWw\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBW0\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_-_Neue_Synagoge1_(cropped).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"New Synagogue\" id=\"mwBW4\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_-_Neue_Synagoge1_(cropped).jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Berlin_-_Neue_Synagoge1_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Berlin_-_Neue_Synagoge1_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Berlin_-_Neue_Synagoge1_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Berlin_-_Neue_Synagoge1_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"New Synagogue\" data-file-width=\"5401\" data-file-height=\"7232\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"150\" width=\"112\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBW8\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBXA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./New_Synagogue_(Berlin)\" title=\"New Synagogue (Berlin)\" id=\"mwBXE\">New Synagogue</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBXI\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBXM\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBXQ\"><a href=\"./File:Sehitlik-Moschee_in_Berlin,_2012.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Şehitlik Mosque\" id=\"mwBXU\"><img resource=\"./File:Sehitlik-Moschee_in_Berlin,_2012.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sehitlik-Moschee_in_Berlin%2C_2012.jpg/120px-Sehitlik-Moschee_in_Berlin%2C_2012.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sehitlik-Moschee_in_Berlin%2C_2012.jpg/250px-Sehitlik-Moschee_in_Berlin%2C_2012.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Şehitlik Mosque\" data-file-width=\"1365\" data-file-height=\"2048\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"150\" width=\"100\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBXY\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBXc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Şehitlik_Mosque\" title=\"Şehitlik Mosque\" id=\"mwBXg\">Şehitlik Mosque</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBXk\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBXo\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBXs\"><a href=\"./File:St_Hedwigskathedrale(Berlin)-2025-09-msu-6003-6961.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"St. Hedwig's Cathedral\" id=\"mwBXw\"><img resource=\"./File:St_Hedwigskathedrale(Berlin)-2025-09-msu-6003-6961.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/St_Hedwigskathedrale%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-6003-6961.jpg/250px-St_Hedwigskathedrale%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-6003-6961.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/St_Hedwigskathedrale%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-6003-6961.jpg/330px-St_Hedwigskathedrale%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-6003-6961.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"St. Hedwig's Cathedral\" data-file-width=\"4183\" data-file-height=\"2789\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBX0\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBX4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./St._Hedwig's_Cathedral\" title=\"St. Hedwig's Cathedral\" id=\"mwBX8\">St. Hedwig's Cathedral</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBYA\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBYE\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBYI\"><a href=\"./File:Britz_Blaschkoallee_Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Tempel.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Blaschkoallee Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Hindu temple\" id=\"mwBYM\"><img resource=\"./File:Britz_Blaschkoallee_Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Tempel.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Britz_Blaschkoallee_Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Tempel.JPG/250px-Britz_Blaschkoallee_Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Tempel.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Britz_Blaschkoallee_Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Tempel.JPG/330px-Britz_Blaschkoallee_Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Tempel.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Blaschkoallee Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Hindu temple\" data-file-width=\"2560\" data-file-height=\"1920\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"113\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBYQ\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBYU\">Blaschkoallee Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Hindu temple</div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"18\" id=\"mwBYY\"><h2 id=\"Government_and_politics\">Government and politics</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt504\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBYc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Politics of Berlin\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Police\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt505\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt504\" id=\"mwBYg\">Main articles: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Politics_of_Berlin\" title=\"Politics of Berlin\">Politics of Berlin</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Police\" title=\"Berlin Police\">Berlin Police</a></div>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"19\" id=\"mwBYk\"><h3 id=\"City_state\">City state</h3>\n<p id=\"mwBYo\">Since <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_reunification\" title=\"German reunification\" id=\"mwBYs\">German reunification</a> on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City-states\" title=\"City-states\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBYw\">city-states</a> among the present 16 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\" id=\"mwBY0\">states of Germany</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Abgeordnetenhaus_von_Berlin\" title=\"Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBY4\">Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin</a> (<i id=\"mwBY8\">House of Representatives</i>) functions as the city and state parliament, which has 141 seats. Berlin's executive body is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Senate_of_Berlin\" title=\"Senate of Berlin\" id=\"mwBZA\">Senate of Berlin</a> (<i id=\"mwBZE\">Senat von Berlin</i>). The Senate consists of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin\" title=\"Governing Mayor of Berlin\" id=\"mwBZI\">Governing Mayor of Berlin</a> (<i id=\"mwBZM\">Regierender Bürgermeister</i>), and up to ten senators holding ministerial positions, two of them holding the title of \"Mayor\" (<i id=\"mwBZQ\">Bürgermeister</i>) as deputy to the Governing Mayor.<sup about=\"#mwt508\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-123\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-123\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-123\" id=\"mwBZU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBZY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBZc\">[</span>122<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBZg\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBZk\">The total annual budget of Berlin in 2015 exceeded €24.5 ($30) billion including a budget surplus of €205 ($240) million.<sup about=\"#mwt511\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-124\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-124\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-124\" id=\"mwBZo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBZs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBZw\">[</span>123<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBZ0\">]</span></span></a></sup> The state of Berlin owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies.<sup about=\"#mwt514\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-125\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-125\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-125\" id=\"mwBZ4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBZ8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBaA\">[</span>124<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBaE\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt517\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-126\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-126\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-126\" id=\"mwBaI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBaM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBaQ\">[</span>125<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBaU\">]</span></span></a></sup> The state of Berlin runs a real estate portal to advertise commercial spaces or land suitable for redevelopment.<sup about=\"#mwt520\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-127\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-127\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-127\" id=\"mwBaY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBac\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBag\">[</span>126<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBak\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBao\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany\" title=\"Social Democratic Party of Germany\" id=\"mwBas\">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Left_(Germany)\" title=\"The Left (Germany)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBaw\">The Left</a> (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_state_election,_2001\" title=\"Berlin state election, 2001\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBa0\">2001 state election</a> and won another term in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_state_election,_2006\" title=\"Berlin state election, 2006\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBa4\">2006 state election</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt523\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-128\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-128\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-128\" id=\"mwBa8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBbA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBbE\">[</span>127<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBbI\">]</span></span></a></sup> From the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_state_election,_2016\" title=\"Berlin state election, 2016\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBbM\">2016 state election</a> until the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2023_Berlin_state_election\" title=\"2023 Berlin state election\" id=\"mwBbQ\">2023 state election</a>, there was a coalition between the Social Democratic Party, the Greens and the Left Party. Since April 2023, the government has been formed by a coalition between the Christian Democrats and the Social Democrats.<sup about=\"#mwt526\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023_129-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Kai Wegner zum Regierenden Bürgermeister von Berlin gewählt-2023\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023-129\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023-129\" id=\"mwBbU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBbY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBbc\">[</span>128<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBbg\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBbk\">The Governing Mayor is simultaneously Lord Mayor of the City of Berlin (<i id=\"mwBbo\">Oberbürgermeister der Stadt</i>) and Minister President of the State of Berlin (<i id=\"mwBbs\">Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes</i>). The office of the Governing Mayor is in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rotes_Rathaus\" title=\"Rotes Rathaus\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBbw\">Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall)</a>. Since 2023, this office has been held by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kai_Wegner\" title=\"Kai Wegner\" id=\"mwBb0\">Kai Wegner</a> of the Christian Democrats.<sup about=\"#mwt527\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023_129-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Kai Wegner zum Regierenden Bürgermeister von Berlin gewählt-2023\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023-129\" id=\"mwBb4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBb8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBcA\">[</span>128<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBcE\">]</span></span></a></sup> He is the first conservative mayor in Berlin in more than two decades.<sup about=\"#mwt530\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-130\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-130\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-130\" id=\"mwBcI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBcM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBcQ\">[</span>129<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBcU\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt531\" id=\"mwBcY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"widths\":\"150\",\"heights\":\"150\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBcc\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBcg\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBck\"><a href=\"./File:RotesRathaus(Berlin)-2025-09-msu-7221-7546.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Red Town Hall\" id=\"mwBco\"><img resource=\"./File:RotesRathaus(Berlin)-2025-09-msu-7221-7546.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RotesRathaus%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-7221-7546.jpg/120px-RotesRathaus%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-7221-7546.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RotesRathaus%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-7221-7546.jpg/250px-RotesRathaus%28Berlin%29-2025-09-msu-7221-7546.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Red Town Hall\" data-file-width=\"3450\" data-file-height=\"5175\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"150\" width=\"100\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBcs\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBcw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Red_Town_Hall_(Berlin)\" title=\"Red Town Hall (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBc0\">Red Town Hall</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBc4\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBc8\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBdA\"><a href=\"./File:Charlottenburg_Otto-Suhr-Allee_Rathaus_Charlottenburg-001.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Charlottenburg Town Hall\" id=\"mwBdE\"><img resource=\"./File:Charlottenburg_Otto-Suhr-Allee_Rathaus_Charlottenburg-001.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Charlottenburg_Otto-Suhr-Allee_Rathaus_Charlottenburg-001.jpg/250px-Charlottenburg_Otto-Suhr-Allee_Rathaus_Charlottenburg-001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Charlottenburg_Otto-Suhr-Allee_Rathaus_Charlottenburg-001.jpg/330px-Charlottenburg_Otto-Suhr-Allee_Rathaus_Charlottenburg-001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Charlottenburg Town Hall\" data-file-width=\"5545\" data-file-height=\"4277\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"116\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBdI\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBdM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg_Town_Hall\" title=\"Charlottenburg Town Hall\" id=\"mwBdQ\">Charlottenburg Town Hall</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwBdU\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwBdY\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBdc\"><a href=\"./File:Rathaus_B-Spandau_07-2017.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Rathaus Spandau\" id=\"mwBdg\"><img resource=\"./File:Rathaus_B-Spandau_07-2017.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Rathaus_B-Spandau_07-2017.jpg/250px-Rathaus_B-Spandau_07-2017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Rathaus_B-Spandau_07-2017.jpg/330px-Rathaus_B-Spandau_07-2017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Rathaus Spandau\" data-file-width=\"4379\" data-file-height=\"2737\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"94\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBdk\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBdo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rathaus_Spandau\" title=\"Rathaus Spandau\" id=\"mwBds\">Rathaus Spandau</a></div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"20\" id=\"mwBdw\"><h3 id=\"Boroughs\">Boroughs</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt532\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBd0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt533\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt532\" id=\"mwBd4\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boroughs_and_neighborhoods_of_Berlin\" title=\"Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBd8\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Subdivisions.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBeA\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Subdivisions.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Berlin_Subdivisions.svg/330px-Berlin_Subdivisions.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Berlin_Subdivisions.svg/960px-Berlin_Subdivisions.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1400\" data-file-height=\"1151\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"271\" width=\"330\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.3\" id=\"mwBeE\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBeI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boroughs_and_neighborhoods_of_Berlin\" title=\"Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBeM\">Berlin's 12 boroughs and their 96 neighborhoods</a> </figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwBeQ\">Berlin is subdivided into 12 boroughs or districts (<i id=\"mwBeU\">Bezirke</i>). Each borough has several subdistricts or neighborhoods (<i id=\"mwBeY\">Ortsteile</i>), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. These subdistricts became urbanized and incorporated into the city later on. Many residents strongly identify with their neighborhoods, colloquially called <i id=\"mwBec\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kiez\" title=\"Kiez\" id=\"mwBeg\">Kiez</a></i>. At present, Berlin consists of 96 subdistricts<sup about=\"#mwt536\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-131\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-131\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-131\" id=\"mwBek\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBeo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBes\">[</span>130<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBew\">]</span></span></a></sup>, which are commonly made up of several smaller residential areas or quarters.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBe0\">Each borough is governed by a borough council (<i id=\"mwBe4\">Bezirksamt</i>) consisting of five councilors (<i id=\"mwBe8\">Bezirksstadträte</i>) including the borough's mayor (<i id=\"mwBfA\">Bezirksbürgermeister</i>). The council is elected by the borough assembly (<i id=\"mwBfE\">Bezirksverordnetenversammlung</i>). However, the individual boroughs are not independent municipalities, but subordinate to the Senate of Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt539\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-132\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-132\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-132\" id=\"mwBfI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBfM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBfQ\">[</span>131<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBfU\">]</span></span></a></sup><!-- ([[urban district]], ''Stadtkreis'') --> The borough's mayors make up the council of mayors (<i id=\"mwBfY\">Rat der Bürgermeister</i>), which is led by the city's Governing Mayor and advises the Senate. The neighborhoods have no local government bodies.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"21\" id=\"mwBfc\"><h3 id=\"City_partnerships\">City partnerships</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt540\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBfg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main list\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main_list\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt541\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt540\" id=\"mwBfk\">For a more comprehensive list, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany\" title=\"List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany\">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a>.</div>\n\n<p id=\"mwBfo\">Berlin to this day maintains official partnerships with 17 cities.<sup about=\"#mwt544\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-133\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-133\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-133\" id=\"mwBfs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBfw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBf0\">[</span>132<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBf4\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sister_city\" title=\"Sister city\" id=\"mwBf8\">Town twinning</a> between <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Berlin\" title=\"West Berlin\" id=\"mwBgA\">West Berlin</a> and other cities began with its sister city Los Angeles, California, in 1967. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Berlin\" title=\"East Berlin\" id=\"mwBgE\">East Berlin</a>'s partnerships were canceled at the time of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_reunification\" title=\"German reunification\" id=\"mwBgI\">German reunification</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"22\" id=\"mwBgM\"><h3 id=\"Capital_city\">Capital city</h3>\n<p id=\"mwBgQ\">Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./President_of_Germany\" title=\"President of Germany\" id=\"mwBgU\">President of Germany</a>, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Grundgesetz\" title=\"Grundgesetz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBgY\">German constitution</a>, has their official residence in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bellevue_Palace_(Germany)\" title=\"Bellevue Palace (Germany)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBgc\">Bellevue Palace</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt547\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-134\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-134\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-134\" id=\"mwBgg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBgk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBgo\">[</span>133<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBgs\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seat_of_government\" title=\"Seat of government\" id=\"mwBgw\">seat</a> of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Chancellor_of_Germany_(1949–)\" title=\"Chancellor of Germany (1949–)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBg0\">German Chancellor</a> (Bundeskanzler), housed in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Chancellery_(Berlin)\" title=\"Federal Chancellery (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBg4\">Chancellery building</a>, the <i id=\"mwBg8\">Bundeskanzleramt</i>. Facing the Chancellery is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundestag\" title=\"Bundestag\" id=\"mwBhA\">Bundestag</a>, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reichstag_building\" title=\"Reichstag building\" id=\"mwBhE\">Reichstag building</a> since the government's relocation to Berlin in 1998. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundesrat_of_Germany\" title=\"Bundesrat of Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBhI\">Bundesrat</a> (\"federal council\", performing the function of an <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Upper_house\" title=\"Upper house\" id=\"mwBhM\">upper house</a>) is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federalism\" title=\"Federalism\" id=\"mwBhQ\">representation</a> of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\" id=\"mwBhU\">16 constituent states</a> (<i id=\"mwBhY\">Länder</i>) of Germany and has its seat at the former <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prussian_House_of_Lords\" title=\"Prussian House of Lords\" id=\"mwBhc\">Prussian House of Lords</a>. The total annual federal budget managed by the German government exceeded €310 ($375) billion in 2013 <sup about=\"#mwt550\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-135\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-135\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-135\" id=\"mwBhg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBhk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBho\">[</span>134<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBhs\">]</span></span></a></sup> and grew to over €524 ($606) billion in 2026 <sup about=\"#mwt553\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-136\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-136\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-136\" id=\"mwBhw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBh0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBh4\">[</span>135<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBh8\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBiA\">The relocation of the federal <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cabinet_of_Germany\" title=\"Cabinet of Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBiE\">government</a> and Bundestag to Berlin was mostly completed in 1999. However, some ministries, as well as some minor departments, stayed in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_city\" title=\"Federal city\" id=\"mwBiI\">federal city</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bonn\" title=\"Bonn\" id=\"mwBiM\">Bonn</a>, the former capital of West Germany. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin-Bonn_Act\" title=\"Berlin-Bonn Act\" id=\"mwBiQ\">Discussions about moving</a> the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue.<sup about=\"#mwt556\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-137\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-137\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-137\" id=\"mwBiU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBiY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBic\">[</span>136<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBig\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBik\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Foreign_Office_(Germany)\" title=\"Foreign Office (Germany)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBio\">Federal Foreign Office</a> and the ministries and departments of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)\" id=\"mwBis\">Defense</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Justice_and_Consumer_Protection\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection\" id=\"mwBiw\">Justice and Consumer Protection</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Finance_(Germany)\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)\" id=\"mwBi0\">Finance</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)\" title=\"Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)\" id=\"mwBi4\">Interior</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_for_Economic_Affairs_and_Energy_(Germany)\" title=\"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (Germany)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBi8\">Economic Affairs and Energy</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Affairs\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs\" id=\"mwBjA\">Labor and Social Affairs</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Family_Affairs,_Senior_Citizens,_Women_and_Youth\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBjE\">Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_the_Environment,_Nature_Conservation_and_Nuclear_Safety\" title=\"Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBjI\">Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Food_and_Agriculture\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBjM\">Food and Agriculture</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_for_Economic_Cooperation_and_Development\" title=\"Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development\" id=\"mwBjQ\">Economic Cooperation and Development</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Health_(Germany)\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Health (Germany)\" id=\"mwBjU\">Health</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Transport_and_Digital_Infrastructure\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBjY\">Transport and Digital Infrastructure</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Education_and_Research_(Germany)\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBjc\">Education and Research</a> are based in the capital.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"23\" id=\"mwBjg\"><h3 id=\"Embassies\">Embassies</h3>\n<p id=\"mwBjk\">Berlin hosts in total 158 foreign <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Germany#Diplomatic_missions_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of diplomatic missions in Germany\" id=\"mwBjo\">embassies</a><sup about=\"#mwt559\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-138\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-138\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-138\" id=\"mwBjs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBjw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBj0\">[</span>137<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBj4\">]</span></span></a></sup> as well as the headquarters of many think tanks, trade unions, nonprofit organizations, lobbying groups, and professional associations. Frequent official visits and diplomatic consultations among governmental representatives and national leaders are common in contemporary Berlin.</p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"24\" id=\"mwBj8\"><h2 id=\"Economy\">Economy</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt560\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBkA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Economy of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt561\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt560\" id=\"mwBkE\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Economy_of_Berlin\" title=\"Economy of Berlin\">Economy of Berlin</a></div>\n<p id=\"mwBkI\">In 2025, Berlin's GDP amounted to €218.3 billion and grew by 1.1% in real terms from the previous year. Between 2013 and 2025, Berlin's annual real GDP growth exceeded the national rate in every year, with the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Service_sector\" title=\"Service sector\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBkM\">service sector</a> providing the main contribution to growth.<sup about=\"#mwt564\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-139\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-139\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-139\" id=\"mwBkQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBkU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBkY\">[</span>138<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBkc\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin's unemployment rate declined from its peak of 18.3% in 2005 to 7.8% in 2019. It rose during the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany\" title=\"COVID-19 pandemic in Germany\" id=\"mwBkg\">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and, after a temporary decline in 2022, increased to an annual average of 10.3% in 2025.<sup about=\"#mwt567\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-140\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-140\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-140\" id=\"mwBkk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBko\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBks\">[</span>139<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBkw\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBk0\">Important economic sectors in Berlin include life sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, hotel business, and medical engineering.<sup about=\"#mwt570\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-141\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-141\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-141\" id=\"mwBk4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBk8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBlA\">[</span>140<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBlE\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBlI\">Research and development have economic significance for the city.<sup about=\"#mwt573\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-berlin.de_142-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"berlin.de\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-berlin.de-142\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"mwBlM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBlQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBlU\">[</span>141<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBlY\">]</span></span></a></sup> Several major corporations like <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Volkswagen\" title=\"Volkswagen\" id=\"mwBlc\">Volkswagen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pfizer\" title=\"Pfizer\" id=\"mwBlg\">Pfizer</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./SAP\" title=\"SAP\" id=\"mwBlk\">SAP</a> operate innovation laboratories in the city.<sup about=\"#mwt576\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-143\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-143\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-143\" id=\"mwBlo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBls\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBlw\">[</span>142<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBl0\">]</span></span></a></sup>\nThe Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue.<sup about=\"#mwt579\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-144\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-144\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-144\" id=\"mwBl4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBl8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBmA\">[</span>143<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBmE\">]</span></span></a></sup> Within the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Eurozone\" title=\"Eurozone\" id=\"mwBmI\">eurozone</a>, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Investment_(macroeconomics)\" title=\"Investment (macroeconomics)\" id=\"mwBmM\">investments</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt582\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-145\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-145\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-145\" id=\"mwBmQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBmU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBmY\">[</span>144<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBmc\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"25\" id=\"mwBmg\"><h3 id=\"Companies\">Companies</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt583\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBmk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"multiple image\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Multiple_image\"},\"params\":{\"align\":{\"wt\":\"right\"},\"width1\":{\"wt\":\"132\"},\"image1\":{\"wt\":\"DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg\"},\"caption1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Deutsche Bahn]], the largest railway company in the world,&lt;ref name=\\\"Fortune\\\" /> is headquartered in Berlin.\"},\"width2\":{\"wt\":\"206\"},\"image2\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, Mitte, Behrenstrasse, Berliner Bank 05.jpg\"},\"caption2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband]], the European Union&apos;s second-largest financial services group, has its headquarters in Berlin.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1349637415/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\" about=\"#mwt584\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Multiple image/styles.css\",\"wrapper\":\".tmulti\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"thumb tmulti floatright\" about=\"#mwt583\" id=\"mwBmo\"><div class=\"thumbinner multiimageinner\" style=\"width:346px;max-width:346px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:134px;max-width:134px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg/250px-DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg/330px-DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2448\" data-file-height=\"3264\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"176\" width=\"132\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Bahn\" title=\"Deutsche Bahn\">Deutsche Bahn</a>, the largest railway company in the world,<sup about=\"#mwt585\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Fortune_146-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Fortune\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Fortune-146\" id=\"mwBms\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBmw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBm0\">[</span>145<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBm4\">]</span></span></a></sup> is headquartered in Berlin.</div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:208px;max-width:208px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin,_Mitte,_Behrenstrasse,_Berliner_Bank_05.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin,_Mitte,_Behrenstrasse,_Berliner_Bank_05.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Behrenstrasse%2C_Berliner_Bank_05.jpg/250px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Behrenstrasse%2C_Berliner_Bank_05.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Behrenstrasse%2C_Berliner_Bank_05.jpg/500px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Behrenstrasse%2C_Berliner_Bank_05.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2664\" data-file-height=\"2270\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"176\" width=\"206\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutscher_Sparkassen-_und_Giroverband\" title=\"Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband\">Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband</a>, the European Union's second-largest financial services group, has its headquarters in Berlin.</div></div></div></div></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwBm8\">Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Entrepreneurship\" title=\"Entrepreneurship\" id=\"mwBnA\">business founders</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt589\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-147\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-147\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-147\" id=\"mwBnE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBnI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBnM\">[</span>146<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBnQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Startup_company\" title=\"Startup company\" id=\"mwBnU\">startup companies</a> in Europe.<sup about=\"#mwt592\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-148\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-148\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-148\" id=\"mwBnY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBnc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBng\">[</span>147<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBnk\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBno\">Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt593\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBns\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Deutsche Bahn]]\"},\"italic\":{\"wt\":\"no\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span lang=\"de\" style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Bahn\" title=\"Deutsche Bahn\">Deutsche Bahn</a></span></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt593\" id=\"mwBnw\"/>, largest railway company in the world,<sup about=\"#mwt596\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Fortune_146-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Fortune\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Fortune-146\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Fortune-146\" id=\"mwBn0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBn4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBn8\">[</span>145<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBoA\">]</span></span></a></sup> the hospital providers <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charité\" title=\"Charité\" id=\"mwBoE\">Charité</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vivantes\" title=\"Vivantes\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBoI\">Vivantes</a>, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Verkehrsbetriebe\" title=\"Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe\" id=\"mwBoM\">BVG</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Siemens\" title=\"Siemens\" id=\"mwBoQ\">Siemens</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Telekom\" title=\"Deutsche Telekom\" id=\"mwBoU\">Deutsche Telekom</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt599\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-149\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-149\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-149\" id=\"mwBoY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBoc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBog\">[</span>148<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBok\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBoo\">Siemens, a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fortune_Global_500\" title=\"Fortune Global 500\" id=\"mwBos\">Global 500</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./DAX\" title=\"DAX\" id=\"mwBow\">DAX</a>-listed company is partly headquartered in Berlin. Other DAX-listed companies headquartered in Berlin are the property company <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Wohnen\" title=\"Deutsche Wohnen\" id=\"mwBo0\">Deutsche Wohnen</a>, the online fashion retailer <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zalando\" title=\"Zalando\" id=\"mwBo4\">Zalando</a> and the online food delivery service <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Delivery_Hero\" title=\"Delivery Hero\" id=\"mwBo8\">Delivery Hero</a>. The national railway operator <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt600\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBpA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Deutsche Bahn]]\"},\"italic\":{\"wt\":\"no\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span lang=\"de\" style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Bahn\" title=\"Deutsche Bahn\">Deutsche Bahn</a></span></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt600\" id=\"mwBpE\"/>,<sup about=\"#mwt603\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-150\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-150\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-150\" id=\"mwBpI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBpM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBpQ\">[</span>149<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBpU\">]</span></span></a></sup> Europe's largest digital publisher<sup about=\"#mwt606\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-151\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-151\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-151\" id=\"mwBpY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBpc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBpg\">[</span>150<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBpk\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Axel_Springer_SE\" title=\"Axel Springer SE\" id=\"mwBpo\">Axel Springer</a> as well as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./MDAX\" title=\"MDAX\" id=\"mwBps\">MDAX</a>-listed firm <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./HelloFresh\" title=\"HelloFresh\" id=\"mwBpw\">HelloFresh</a> and also have their main headquarters in the city. Among the largest international corporations who have their German or European headquarters in Berlin are <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bombardier_Transportation\" title=\"Bombardier Transportation\" id=\"mwBp0\">Bombardier Transportation</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Securing_Energy_for_Europe\" title=\"Securing Energy for Europe\" id=\"mwBp4\">Securing Energy for Europe</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Coca-Cola\" title=\"Coca-Cola\" id=\"mwBp8\">Coca-Cola</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pfizer\" title=\"Pfizer\" id=\"mwBqA\">Pfizer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sony\" title=\"Sony\" id=\"mwBqE\">Sony</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./TotalEnergies\" title=\"TotalEnergies\" id=\"mwBqI\">TotalEnergies</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBqM\">As of 2023, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe\" title=\"Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe\" id=\"mwBqQ\">Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe</a>, a network of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Public_bank\" title=\"Public bank\" id=\"mwBqU\">public banks</a> that together form the largest financial services group in Germany and in all of Europe, is headquartered in Berlin. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundesverband_der_Deutschen_Volksbanken_und_Raiffeisenbanken\" title=\"Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken\" id=\"mwBqY\">Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken</a> has its headquarters in Berlin, managing around 1.2 trillion euros.<sup about=\"#mwt609\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-152\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-152\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-152\" id=\"mwBqc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBqg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBqk\">[</span>151<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBqo\">]</span></span></a></sup> The three largest banks in the capital are <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Kreditbank\" title=\"Deutsche Kreditbank\" id=\"mwBqs\">Deutsche Kreditbank</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Landesbank_Berlin\" title=\"Landesbank Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBqw\">Landesbank Berlin</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Hyp\" title=\"Berlin Hyp\" id=\"mwBq0\">Berlin Hyp</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt612\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-153\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-153\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-153\" id=\"mwBq4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBq8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBrA\">[</span>152<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBrE\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBrI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mercedes-Benz_Group\" title=\"Mercedes-Benz Group\" id=\"mwBrM\">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> manufactures cars, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./BMW_Motorrad\" title=\"BMW Motorrad\" id=\"mwBrQ\">BMW builds motorcycles</a> in Berlin. In 2022, American electric car manufacturer <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tesla,_Inc.\" title=\"Tesla, Inc.\" id=\"mwBrU\">Tesla</a> opened its first European Gigafactory outside the city borders in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Grünheide_(Mark)\" title=\"Grünheide (Mark)\" id=\"mwBrY\">Grünheide (Mark)</a>, Brandenburg. The Pharmaceuticals division of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bayer\" title=\"Bayer\" id=\"mwBrc\">Bayer</a><sup about=\"#mwt615\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-154\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-154\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-154\" id=\"mwBrg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBrk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBro\">[</span>153<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBrs\">]</span></span></a></sup> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Chemie\" title=\"Berlin Chemie\" id=\"mwBrw\">Berlin Chemie</a> are major pharmaceutical companies in the city.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"26\" id=\"mwBr0\"><h3 id=\"Tourism_and_conventions\">Tourism and conventions</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt616\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBr4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main list\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main_list\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"List of tourist attractions in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt617\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt616\" id=\"mwBr8\">For a more comprehensive list, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of tourist attractions in Berlin\">List of tourist attractions in Berlin</a>.</div>\n\n<p id=\"mwBsA\">Berlin had 788 hotels with 134,399 beds in 2014.<sup about=\"#mwt620\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-visitBerlin_155-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"visitBerlin\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-visitBerlin-155\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-visitBerlin-155\" id=\"mwBsE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBsI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBsM\">[</span>154<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBsQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> The city recorded 28.7<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBsU\"> </span>million overnight hotel stays and 11.9<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBsY\"> </span>million hotel guests in 2014.<sup about=\"#mwt621\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-visitBerlin_155-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"visitBerlin\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-visitBerlin-155\" id=\"mwBsc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBsg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBsk\">[</span>154<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBso\">]</span></span></a></sup> Tourism figures have more than doubled within the last ten years and Berlin has become the 3rd-most-visited city destination in Europe. Some of the most visited places in Berlin include: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdamer_Platz\" title=\"Potsdamer Platz\" id=\"mwBss\">Potsdamer Platz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg_Gate\" title=\"Brandenburg Gate\" id=\"mwBsw\">Brandenburger Tor</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Berlin Wall\" id=\"mwBs0\">the Berlin wall</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alexanderplatz\" title=\"Alexanderplatz\" id=\"mwBs4\">Alexanderplatz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\" id=\"mwBs8\">Museumsinsel</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fernsehturm_Berlin\" title=\"Fernsehturm Berlin\" id=\"mwBtA\">Fernsehturm</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Side_Gallery\" title=\"East Side Gallery\" id=\"mwBtE\">East-Side Gallery</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg_Palace\" title=\"Charlottenburg Palace\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBtI\">Schloss-Charlottenburg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Zoological_Garden\" title=\"Berlin Zoological Garden\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBtM\">Zoologischer Garten</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Victory_Column\" title=\"Berlin Victory Column\" id=\"mwBtQ\">Siegessäule</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gedenkstätte_Berliner_Mauer\" title=\"Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer\" id=\"mwBtU\">Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mauerpark\" title=\"Mauerpark\" id=\"mwBtY\">Mauerpark</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin-Dahlem_Botanical_Garden_and_Botanical_Museum\" title=\"Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBtc\">Botanical Garden</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./French_Cathedral,_Berlin\" title=\"French Cathedral, Berlin\" id=\"mwBtg\">Französischer Dom</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutscher_Dom\" title=\"Deutscher Dom\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBtk\">Deutscher Dom</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe\" title=\"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe\" id=\"mwBto\">Holocaust-Mahnmal</a>. The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States.<sup about=\"#mwt624\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-156\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-156\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-156\" id=\"mwBts\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBtw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBt0\">[</span>155<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBt4\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBt8\">According to figures from the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./International_Congress_and_Convention_Association\" title=\"International Congress and Convention Association\" id=\"mwBuA\">International Congress and Convention Association</a> in 2015, Berlin became the leading organizer of conferences globally, hosting 195 international meetings.<sup about=\"#mwt627\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-157\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-157\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-157\" id=\"mwBuE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBuI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBuM\">[</span>156<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBuQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> Some of these congress events take place on venues such as CityCube Berlin or the Berlin Congress Center (bcc).</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBuU\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Messe_Berlin\" title=\"Messe Berlin\" id=\"mwBuY\">Messe Berlin</a> (also known as Berlin ExpoCenter City) is the main convention organizing company in the city. Its main exhibition area covers more than <span about=\"#mwt628\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBuc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"160000\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m2\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"0\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>160,000 square meters (1,722,226</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt628\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt628\">sq</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt628\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt628\">ft)</span>. Several large-scale trade fairs like the consumer electronics trade fair <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./IFA_Berlin\" title=\"IFA Berlin\" id=\"mwBug\">IFA</a>, where the first practical audio <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Magnetophon\" title=\"Magnetophon\" id=\"mwBuk\">tape recorder</a> and the first <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Manfred_von_Ardenne\" title=\"Manfred von Ardenne\" id=\"mwBuo\">completely electronic television system</a> were first introduced to the public,<sup about=\"#mwt631\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-158\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-158\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-158\" id=\"mwBus\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBuw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBu0\">[</span>157<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBu4\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt634\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-159\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-159\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-159\" id=\"mwBu8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBvA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBvE\">[</span>158<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBvI\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt637\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-160\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-160\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-160\" id=\"mwBvM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBvQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBvU\">[</span>159<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBvY\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt640\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-161\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-161\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-161\" id=\"mwBvc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBvg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBvk\">[</span>160<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBvo\">]</span></span></a></sup> the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ILA_Berlin_Air_Show\" title=\"ILA Berlin Air Show\" id=\"mwBvs\">ILA Berlin Air Show</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Fashion_Week\" title=\"Berlin Fashion Week\" id=\"mwBvw\">Berlin Fashion Week</a> (including the <i id=\"mwBv0\">Premium Berlin</i> and the <i id=\"mwBv4\">Panorama Berlin</i>),<sup about=\"#mwt643\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-162\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-162\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-162\" id=\"mwBv8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBwA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBwE\">[</span>161<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBwI\">]</span></span></a></sup> the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_International_Green_Week\" title=\"Berlin International Green Week\" id=\"mwBwM\">Green Week</a>, the <i id=\"mwBwQ\">Fruit Logistica</i>, the transport fair <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./InnoTrans\" title=\"InnoTrans\" id=\"mwBwU\">InnoTrans</a>, the tourism fair <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ITB_Berlin\" title=\"ITB Berlin\" id=\"mwBwY\">ITB</a> and the adult entertainment and erotic fair <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Venus_Award\" title=\"Venus Award\" id=\"mwBwc\">Venus</a> are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors.</p>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt644\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBwg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Multiple image\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Multiple_image\"},\"params\":{\"align\":{\"wt\":\"center\"},\"image1\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Fashion Week 2013 b.jpg\"},\"width1\":{\"wt\":\"206\"},\"caption1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berlin Fashion Week]]\"},\"image2\":{\"wt\":\"IFA 2012 IMG 7677.JPG\"},\"width2\":{\"wt\":\"206\"},\"caption2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin|IFA]] is one of Europe&apos;s leading trade shows for consumer electronics.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1349637415/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\" about=\"#mwt645\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Multiple image/styles.css\",\"wrapper\":\".tmulti\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"thumb tmulti tnone center\" about=\"#mwt644\" id=\"mwBwk\"><div class=\"thumbinner multiimageinner\" style=\"width:420px;max-width:420px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:208px;max-width:208px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Fashion_Week_2013_b.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Fashion_Week_2013_b.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Berlin_Fashion_Week_2013_b.jpg/250px-Berlin_Fashion_Week_2013_b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Berlin_Fashion_Week_2013_b.jpg/500px-Berlin_Fashion_Week_2013_b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"5616\" data-file-height=\"3744\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"137\" width=\"206\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Fashion_Week\" title=\"Berlin Fashion Week\">Berlin Fashion Week</a></div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:208px;max-width:208px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:IFA_2012_IMG_7677.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:IFA_2012_IMG_7677.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IFA_2012_IMG_7677.JPG/250px-IFA_2012_IMG_7677.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IFA_2012_IMG_7677.JPG/500px-IFA_2012_IMG_7677.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4272\" data-file-height=\"2848\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"137\" width=\"206\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin\" title=\"Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">IFA</a> is one of Europe's leading trade shows for consumer electronics.</div></div></div></div></div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"27\" id=\"mwBwo\"><h3 id=\"Creative_industries\">Creative industries</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt646\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBws\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main list\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main_list\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"List of films set in Berlin\\n\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt647\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt646\" id=\"mwBww\">For a more comprehensive list, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_films_set_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of films set in Berlin\">List of films set in Berlin</a>.</div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBw0\"><a href=\"./File:European_Film_Academy_-_European_Film_Awards_logo.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBw4\"><img resource=\"./File:European_Film_Academy_-_European_Film_Awards_logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/European_Film_Academy_-_European_Film_Awards_logo.svg/250px-European_Film_Academy_-_European_Film_Awards_logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/European_Film_Academy_-_European_Film_Awards_logo.svg/500px-European_Film_Academy_-_European_Film_Awards_logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"340\" data-file-height=\"180\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"132\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBw8\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBxA\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_Film_Academy\" title=\"European Film Academy\" id=\"mwBxE\">European Film Academy</a> (logo pictured) was founded in Berlin.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBxI\"><a href=\"./File:Postfuhramt_(Berlin)_-msu-2021-4274-.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBxM\"><img resource=\"./File:Postfuhramt_(Berlin)_-msu-2021-4274-.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Postfuhramt_%28Berlin%29_-msu-2021-4274-.jpg/250px-Postfuhramt_%28Berlin%29_-msu-2021-4274-.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Postfuhramt_%28Berlin%29_-msu-2021-4274-.jpg/500px-Postfuhramt_%28Berlin%29_-msu-2021-4274-.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4900\" data-file-height=\"4135\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"211\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBxQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBxU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Postfuhramt\" title=\"Postfuhramt\" id=\"mwBxY\">Postfuhramt</a> in Berlin-Mitte, where <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ottomar_Anschütz\" title=\"Ottomar Anschütz\" id=\"mwBxc\">Ottomar Anschütz</a> held the first showing of life sized pictures in motion on 25 November 1894<sup about=\"#mwt650\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-163\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-163\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-163\" id=\"mwBxg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBxk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBxo\">[</span>162<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBxs\">]</span></span></a></sup></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwBxw\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Creative_industries\" title=\"Creative industries\" id=\"mwBx0\">creative arts and entertainment</a> business is an important part of Berlin's economy. The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_fashion\" title=\"German fashion\" id=\"mwBx4\">fashion</a>, performing arts, publishing, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Research_and_development\" title=\"Research and development\" id=\"mwBx8\">R&amp;D</a>, software,<sup about=\"#mwt653\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-164\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-164\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-164\" id=\"mwByA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwByE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwByI\">[</span>163<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwByM\">]</span></span></a></sup> TV, radio, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Video_gaming_in_Germany\" title=\"Video gaming in Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwByQ\">video games</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwByU\">In 2014, around 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, predominantly <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises\" title=\"Small and medium-sized enterprises\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwByY\">SMEs</a>. Generating a revenue of 15.6<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwByc\"> </span>billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year.<sup about=\"#mwt656\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-165\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-165\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-165\" id=\"mwByg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwByk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwByo\">[</span>164<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBys\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwByw\">Berlin is an important European and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cinema_of_Germany\" title=\"Cinema of Germany\" id=\"mwBy0\">German film industry</a> hub.<sup about=\"#mwt659\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-166\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-166\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-166\" id=\"mwBy4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBy8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBzA\">[</span>165<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBzE\">]</span></span></a></sup> It is home to more than 1,000 film and television production companies, 270 movie theaters, and around 300 national and international co-productions are filmed in the region every year.<sup about=\"#mwt660\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-berlin.de_142-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"berlin.de\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"mwBzI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBzM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBzQ\">[</span>141<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBzU\">]</span></span></a></sup> The historic <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Babelsberg_Studios\" title=\"Babelsberg Studios\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBzY\">Babelsberg Studios</a> and the production company <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Universum_Film_AG\" title=\"Universum Film AG\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBzc\">UFA</a> are adjacent to Berlin in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdam\" title=\"Potsdam\" id=\"mwBzg\">Potsdam</a>. The city is also home of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Filmakademie\" title=\"Deutsche Filmakademie\" id=\"mwBzk\">German Film Academy</a> (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_Film_Academy\" title=\"European Film Academy\" id=\"mwBzo\">European Film Academy</a>, founded in 1988.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"28\" id=\"mwBzs\"><h3 id=\"Media\">Media</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt661\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBzw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Media in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt662\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt661\" id=\"mwBz0\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Media_in_Berlin\" title=\"Media in Berlin\">Media in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwBz4\">Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. In addition, around 20 news agencies, more than 90 regional daily newspapers and their websites, as well as the Berlin offices of more than 22 national publications such as <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt663\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBz8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Der Spiegel]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i lang=\"de\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Spiegel\" title=\"Der Spiegel\">Der Spiegel</a></i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt663\" id=\"mwB0A\"/>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Die_Zeit\" title=\"Die Zeit\" id=\"mwB0E\">Die Zeit</a> reinforce the capital's position as Germany's epicenter for influential debate. Therefore, many international journalists, bloggers, and writers live and work in the city.<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements\" about=\"#mwt664\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB0I\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Citation needed\",\"href\":\"./Template:Citation_needed\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"May 2024\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024\" about=\"#mwt664\"/><sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\" about=\"#mwt664\" id=\"mwB0M\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)\">citation needed</span></a></i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB0Q\">Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations.<sup about=\"#mwt667\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-167\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-167\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-167\" id=\"mwB0U\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB0Y\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB0c\">[</span>166<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB0g\">]</span></span></a></sup> The public broadcaster <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg\" title=\"Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg\" id=\"mwB0k\">RBB</a> has its headquarters in Berlin as well as the commercial broadcasters <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./MTV_Europe\" title=\"MTV Europe\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB0o\">MTV Europe</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Welt_(German_TV_channel)\" title=\"Welt (German TV channel)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB0s\">Welt</a>. German international public broadcaster <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Welle\" title=\"Deutsche Welle\" id=\"mwB0w\">Deutsche Welle</a> has its TV production unit in Berlin, and most national German broadcasters have a studio in the city, including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ZDF\" title=\"ZDF\" id=\"mwB00\">ZDF</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./RTL_Television\" title=\"RTL Television\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB04\">RTL</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB08\">Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Broadsheet\" title=\"Broadsheet\" id=\"mwB1A\">broadsheets</a> (<i id=\"mwB1E\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Morgenpost\" title=\"Berliner Morgenpost\" id=\"mwB1I\">Berliner Morgenpost</a></i>, <i id=\"mwB1M\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Zeitung\" title=\"Berliner Zeitung\" id=\"mwB1Q\">Berliner Zeitung</a></i>, <i id=\"mwB1U\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Tagesspiegel\" title=\"Der Tagesspiegel\" id=\"mwB1Y\">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i>), and three major <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tabloid_(newspaper_format)\" title=\"Tabloid (newspaper format)\" id=\"mwB1c\">tabloids</a>, as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as <i id=\"mwB1g\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Die_Welt\" title=\"Die Welt\" id=\"mwB1k\">Die Welt</a></i>, <i id=\"mwB1o\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neues_Deutschland\" title=\"Neues Deutschland\" id=\"mwB1s\">Neues Deutschland</a></i>, and <i id=\"mwB1w\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Die_Tageszeitung\" title=\"Die Tageszeitung\" id=\"mwB10\">Die Tageszeitung</a></i>. <i id=\"mwB14\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Berliner_(magazine)\" title=\"The Berliner (magazine)\" id=\"mwB18\">The Berliner</a></i>, a monthly magazine, is Berlin's English-language periodical and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./La_Gazette_de_Berlin\" title=\"La Gazette de Berlin\" id=\"mwB2A\">La Gazette de Berlin</a> a French-language newspaper.<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements\" about=\"#mwt668\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB2E\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Citation needed\",\"href\":\"./Template:Citation_needed\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"May 2024\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024\" about=\"#mwt668\"/><sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\" about=\"#mwt668\" id=\"mwB2I\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)\">citation needed</span></a></i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB2M\">Berlin is also home to several major German-language publishing houses, including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Walter_de_Gruyter\" title=\"Walter de Gruyter\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB2Q\">Walter de Gruyter</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Axel_Springer_AG\" title=\"Axel Springer AG\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB2U\">Springer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Suhrkamp\" title=\"Suhrkamp\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB2Y\">Suhrkamp</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cornelsen_Verlag\" title=\"Cornelsen Verlag\" id=\"mwB2c\">Cornelsen</a>.</p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"29\" id=\"mwB2g\"><h2 id=\"Quality_of_life\">Quality of life</h2>\n<p id=\"mwB2k\">In a 2023 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_Commission\" title=\"European Commission\" id=\"mwB2o\">European Commission</a> survey, 86% of respondents in Berlin were satisfied with the city as a place to live. The survey also found that 83% were satisfied with their personal job situation.<sup about=\"#mwt671\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-168\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-168\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-168\" id=\"mwB2s\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB2w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB20\">[</span>167<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB24\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB28\">In the 2025 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Global_city#Global_Power_City_Index\" title=\"Global city\" id=\"mwB3A\">Global Power City Index</a>, Berlin ranked fourth in the livability category among 48 cities. The category covers working conditions, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cost_of_living\" title=\"Cost of living\" id=\"mwB3E\">cost of living</a>, safety, health and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Well-being\" title=\"Well-being\" id=\"mwB3I\">well-being</a>, and access to everyday services and amenities.<sup about=\"#mwt674\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-169\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-169\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-169\" id=\"mwB3M\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB3Q\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB3U\">[</span>168<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB3Y\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB3c\">Berlin's 2025 Social Report, which covers developments through 2023, found that around 20% of residents were <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Poverty_threshold\" title=\"Poverty threshold\" id=\"mwB3g\">at risk of poverty</a>. It also found that a similar share of households spent at least 40% of their income on rent and associated charges.<sup about=\"#mwt677\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-170\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-170\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-170\" id=\"mwB3k\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB3o\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB3s\">[</span>169<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB3w\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"30\" id=\"mwB30\"><h2 id=\"Transport\">Transport</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt678\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB34\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Transport in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt679\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt678\" id=\"mwB38\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Transport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Transport in Berlin\">Transport in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"31\" id=\"mwB4A\"><h3 id=\"Airports\">Airports</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwB4E\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_at_night.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwB4I\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_at_night.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_at_night.jpg/250px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_at_night.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_at_night.jpg/500px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_at_night.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"6090\" data-file-height=\"3117\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"128\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwB4M\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwB4Q\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport\" title=\"Berlin Brandenburg Airport\" id=\"mwB4U\">Berlin Brandenburg Airport</a> (BER) at night</figcaption></figure><p id=\"mwB4Y\">Berlin is served by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport\" title=\"Berlin Brandenburg Airport\" id=\"mwB4c\">Berlin Brandenburg Airport</a> (BER), an international airport in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schönefeld\" title=\"Schönefeld\" id=\"mwB4g\">Schönefeld</a>, Brandenburg, located just outside Berlin's south-eastern border. Construction began in 2006, and the airport opened in October 2020 after extensive delays and cost overruns, consolidating commercial air traffic from <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Tegel_Airport\" title=\"Berlin Tegel Airport\" id=\"mwB4k\">Tegel Airport</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Schönefeld_Airport\" title=\"Berlin Schönefeld Airport\" id=\"mwB4o\">Schönefeld Airport</a> at a single site.<sup about=\"#mwt682\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-171\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-171\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-171\" id=\"mwB4s\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB4w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB40\">[</span>170<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB44\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt685\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-172\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-172\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-172\" id=\"mwB48\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB5A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB5E\">[</span>171<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB5I\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB5M\">In 2025, BER handled 26.1 million passengers and was Germany's third-busiest airport.<sup about=\"#mwt688\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-173\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-173\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-173\" id=\"mwB5Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB5U\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB5Y\">[</span>172<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB5c\">]</span></span></a></sup> The airport can be further expanded to accommodate up to 55 million passengers annually by 2040.<sup about=\"#mwt691\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-174\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-174\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-174\" id=\"mwB5g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB5k\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB5o\">[</span>173<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB5s\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./BER_Airport_station\" title=\"BER Airport station\" id=\"mwB5w\">BER Airport station</a>, located beneath Terminal 1, is served by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_S-Bahn\" title=\"Berlin S-Bahn\" id=\"mwB50\">Berlin S-Bahn</a>, regional and long-distance trains, and the Airport Express (FEX). Since December 2025, the FEX has connected the airport with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Hauptbahnhof\" title=\"Berlin Hauptbahnhof\" id=\"mwB54\">Berlin Hauptbahnhof</a> in approximately 23 minutes.<sup about=\"#mwt694\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-175\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-175\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-175\" id=\"mwB58\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB6A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB6E\">[</span>174<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB6I\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB6M\">Until its closure in 2008, Berlin was also served by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Tempelhof_Airport\" title=\"Berlin Tempelhof Airport\" id=\"mwB6Q\">Tempelhof Airport</a>. Its former airfield opened as the public park <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempelhofer_Feld\" title=\"Tempelhofer Feld\" id=\"mwB6U\">Tempelhofer Feld</a> in 2010.<sup about=\"#mwt697\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-176\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-176\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-176\" id=\"mwB6Y\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB6c\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB6g\">[</span>175<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB6k\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"32\" id=\"mwB6o\"><h3 id=\"Roads\">Roads</h3>\n<p id=\"mwB6s\">Berlin's transport infrastructure provides a diverse range of urban mobility.<sup about=\"#mwt700\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-177\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-177\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-177\" id=\"mwB6w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB60\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB64\">[</span>176<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB68\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwB7A\">A total of 979 bridges cross 197<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB7E\"> </span>km (122 miles) the inner-city waterways. Berlin roads total 5,422<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB7I\"> </span>km (3,369 miles) of which 77<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB7M\"> </span>km (48 miles) are motorways (known as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Autobahn\" title=\"Autobahn\" id=\"mwB7Q\">Autobahn</a>).<sup about=\"#mwt701\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg_178-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg-178\" id=\"mwB7U\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB7Y\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB7c\">[</span>177<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB7g\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2013 only 1.344 million motor vehicles were registered in the city.<sup about=\"#mwt704\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg_178-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg-178\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg-178\" id=\"mwB7k\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB7o\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB7s\">[</span>177<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB7w\">]</span></span></a></sup> With 377 cars per 1000 residents in 2013 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a Western global city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita.<sup about=\"#mwt707\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-179\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-179\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-179\" id=\"mwB70\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB74\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB78\">[</span>178<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB8A\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"33\" id=\"mwB8E\"><h3 id=\"Rail\">Rail</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwB8I\"><a href=\"./File:Train_station_Berlin_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwB8M\"><img resource=\"./File:Train_station_Berlin_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Train_station_Berlin_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg/250px-Train_station_Berlin_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Train_station_Berlin_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg/500px-Train_station_Berlin_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"912\" data-file-height=\"719\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"197\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwB8Q\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwB8U\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Bahn\" title=\"Deutsche Bahn\" id=\"mwB8Y\">DB</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Potsdamer_Platz_station\" title=\"Berlin Potsdamer Platz station\" id=\"mwB8c\">Station Potsdamer Platz</a></figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwB8g\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Hauptbahnhof0514.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwB8k\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Hauptbahnhof0514.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Berlin_Hauptbahnhof0514.JPG/250px-Berlin_Hauptbahnhof0514.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Berlin_Hauptbahnhof0514.JPG/500px-Berlin_Hauptbahnhof0514.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3775\" data-file-height=\"2178\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"144\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwB8o\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwB8s\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Hauptbahnhof\" title=\"Berlin Hauptbahnhof\" id=\"mwB8w\">Berlin Hauptbahnhof</a> (Berlin Central Station)</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwB80\">Long-distance rail lines directly connect Berlin with all of the major cities of Germany. The regional rail lines of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Verkehrsverbund_Berlin-Brandenburg\" title=\"Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg\" id=\"mwB84\">Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg</a> provide access to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg\" title=\"Brandenburg\" id=\"mwB88\">Brandenburg</a> and to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Baltic_Sea\" title=\"Baltic Sea\" id=\"mwB9A\">Baltic Sea</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Hauptbahnhof\" title=\"Berlin Hauptbahnhof\" id=\"mwB9E\">Berlin Hauptbahnhof</a> (Berlin Central Station) is the largest <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Grade_separation\" title=\"Grade separation\" id=\"mwB9I\">grade-separated</a> railway station in Europe.<sup about=\"#mwt710\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-180\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-180\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-180\" id=\"mwB9M\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB9Q\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB9U\">[</span>179<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB9Y\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Bahn\" title=\"Deutsche Bahn\" id=\"mwB9c\">Deutsche Bahn</a> runs the high speed <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Intercity-Express\" title=\"Intercity-Express\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB9g\">Intercity-Express</a> (ICE) to domestic destinations, including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamburg\" title=\"Hamburg\" id=\"mwB9k\">Hamburg</a>, Munich, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cologne\" title=\"Cologne\" id=\"mwB9o\">Cologne</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stuttgart\" title=\"Stuttgart\" id=\"mwB9s\">Stuttgart</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frankfurt_am_Main\" title=\"Frankfurt am Main\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwB9w\">Frankfurt am Main</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"34\" id=\"mwB90\"><h3 id=\"Water_transport\">Water transport</h3>\n<p id=\"mwB94\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spree_(river)\" title=\"Spree (river)\" id=\"mwB98\">Spree</a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Havel\" title=\"Havel\" id=\"mwB-A\">Havel</a> rivers cross Berlin. There are no frequent passenger connections to and from Berlin by water. Berlin's largest inland port, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Westhafen\" title=\"Westhafen\" id=\"mwB-E\">Westhafen</a>, is located in the district of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moabit\" title=\"Moabit\" id=\"mwB-I\">Moabit</a>. It is a transhipment and storage site for inland shipping with a growing importance.<sup about=\"#mwt713\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-181\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-181\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-181\" id=\"mwB-M\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB-Q\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB-U\">[</span>180<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB-Y\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"35\" id=\"mwB-c\"><h3 id=\"Intercity_buses\">Intercity buses</h3>\n<p id=\"mwB-g\">There is an increasing quantity of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Intercity_bus_service\" title=\"Intercity bus service\" id=\"mwB-k\">intercity bus services</a>. Berlin city has more than 10 stations<sup about=\"#mwt716\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-182\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-182\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-182\" id=\"mwB-o\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB-s\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB-w\">[</span>181<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB-0\">]</span></span></a></sup> that run buses to destinations throughout Berlin. Destinations in Germany and Europe are connected via the intercity bus exchange <i id=\"mwB-4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zentraler_Omnibusbahnhof_Berlin\" title=\"Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin\" id=\"mwB-8\">Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin</a></i>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"36\" id=\"mwB_A\"><h3 id=\"Urban_public_transport\">Urban public transport</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwB_E\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_-_U-Bahnhof_Heidelberger_Platz_Südzugang.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwB_I\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_-_U-Bahnhof_Heidelberger_Platz_Südzugang.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Berlin_-_U-Bahnhof_Heidelberger_Platz_S%C3%BCdzugang.jpg/250px-Berlin_-_U-Bahnhof_Heidelberger_Platz_S%C3%BCdzugang.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Berlin_-_U-Bahnhof_Heidelberger_Platz_S%C3%BCdzugang.jpg/500px-Berlin_-_U-Bahnhof_Heidelberger_Platz_S%C3%BCdzugang.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1066\" data-file-height=\"711\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwB_M\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwB_Q\">The Berlin <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_U-Bahn\" title=\"Berlin U-Bahn\" id=\"mwB_U\">U-Bahn</a> (Metro) at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Heidelberger_Platz_station\" title=\"Berlin Heidelberger Platz station\" id=\"mwB_Y\"><span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt717\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB_c\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Heidelberger Platz\"},\"nocat\":{\"wt\":\"y\"},\"italic\":{\"wt\":\"no\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span lang=\"de\" style=\"font-style: normal;\">Heidelberger Platz</span></span> station</a></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwB_g\">The <i id=\"mwB_k\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Verkehrsbetriebe\" title=\"Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe\" id=\"mwB_o\">Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe</a></i> (BVG) and the German State-owned <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Bahn\" title=\"Deutsche Bahn\" id=\"mwB_s\">Deutsche Bahn</a> (DB) manage several extensive urban public transport systems.<sup about=\"#mwt720\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-183\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-183\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-183\" id=\"mwB_w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwB_0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB_4\">[</span>182<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwB_8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<table class=\"wikitable\" id=\"mwCAA\">\n<tbody id=\"mwCAE\"><tr id=\"mwCAI\">\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwCAM\">System</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwCAQ\">Stations / Lines / Net length</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwCAU\">Annual ridership</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwCAY\">Operator / Notes</th></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwCAc\">\n<th scope=\"row\" id=\"mwCAg\"><span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt721\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCAk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berlin S-Bahn|S-Bahn]]\"},\"italic\":{\"wt\":\"no\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span lang=\"de\" style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_S-Bahn\" title=\"Berlin S-Bahn\">S-Bahn</a></span></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt721\" id=\"mwCAo\"/></th>\n<td id=\"mwCAs\">166 / 16 / <span about=\"#mwt722\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCAw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"331\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"km\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>331</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt722\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt722\">km (206</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt722\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt722\">mi)</span></td>\n<td id=\"mwCA0\">431,000,000 <small id=\"mwCA4\">(2016)</small></td>\n<td id=\"mwCA8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Bahn\" title=\"Deutsche Bahn\" id=\"mwCBA\">DB</a> / Mainly overground <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rapid_transit\" title=\"Rapid transit\" id=\"mwCBE\">rapid transit</a> rail system with suburban stops</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwCBI\">\n<th scope=\"row\" id=\"mwCBM\"><span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt723\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCBQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berlin U-Bahn|U-Bahn]]\"},\"italic\":{\"wt\":\"no\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span lang=\"de\" style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_U-Bahn\" title=\"Berlin U-Bahn\">U-Bahn</a></span></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt723\" id=\"mwCBU\"/></th>\n<td id=\"mwCBY\">173 / 9 / <span about=\"#mwt724\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCBc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"146\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"km\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>146</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt724\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt724\">km (91</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt724\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt724\">mi)</span></td>\n<td id=\"mwCBg\">563,000,000 <small id=\"mwCBk\">(2017)</small></td>\n<td id=\"mwCBo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Verkehrsbetriebe\" title=\"Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe\" id=\"mwCBs\">BVG</a> / Mainly underground rail system / 24h-service on weekends</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwCBw\">\n<th scope=\"row\" id=\"mwCB0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tram_transport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Tram transport in Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCB4\">Tram</a></th>\n<td id=\"mwCB8\">404 / 22 / <span about=\"#mwt725\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCCA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"194\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"km\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>194</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt725\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt725\">km (121</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt725\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt725\">mi)</span></td>\n<td id=\"mwCCE\">197,000,000 <small id=\"mwCCI\">(2017)</small></td>\n<td id=\"mwCCM\">BVG / Operates predominantly in eastern boroughs</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwCCQ\">\n<th scope=\"row\" id=\"mwCCU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bus_transport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Bus transport in Berlin\" id=\"mwCCY\">Bus</a></th>\n<td id=\"mwCCc\">3227 / 198 / <span about=\"#mwt726\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCCg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1675\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"km\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>1,675</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt726\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt726\">km (1,041</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt726\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt726\">mi)</span></td>\n<td id=\"mwCCk\">440,000,000 <small id=\"mwCCo\">(2017)</small></td>\n<td id=\"mwCCs\">BVG / Extensive services in all boroughs / 62 Night Lines</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwCCw\">\n<th scope=\"row\" id=\"mwCC0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ferry_transport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Ferry transport in Berlin\" id=\"mwCC4\">Ferry</a></th>\n<td id=\"mwCC8\">6 lines</td>\n<td id=\"mwCDA\"></td>\n<td id=\"mwCDE\">BVG / Transportation as well as recreational ferries</td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n\n<p id=\"mwCDI\">Public transport in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th-century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served. Since 1989, the transport network has been developed extensively. However, it still contains early 20th century trains, such as the U1.<sup about=\"#mwt729\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-184\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-184\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-184\" id=\"mwCDM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCDQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCDU\">[</span>183<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCDY\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"37\" id=\"mwCDc\"><h3 id=\"Cycling\">Cycling</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt730\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCDg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Cycling in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt731\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt730\" id=\"mwCDk\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cycling_in_Berlin\" title=\"Cycling in Berlin\">Cycling in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwCDo\">Berlin is well known for its highly developed <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bicycle_lane\" title=\"Bicycle lane\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCDs\">bicycle lane</a> system.<sup about=\"#mwt734\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-185\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-185\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-185\" id=\"mwCDw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCD0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCD4\">[</span>184<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCD8\">]</span></span></a></sup> It is estimated that Berlin has 710 bicycles per 1,000 residents. Around 500,000 daily bike riders accounted for 13% of total traffic in 2010.<sup about=\"#mwt737\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-186\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-186\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-186\" id=\"mwCEA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCEE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCEI\">[</span>185<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCEM\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCEQ\">Cyclists in Berlin have access to 620<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCEU\"> </span>km of bicycle paths including approximately 150<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCEY\"> </span>km of mandatory bicycle paths, 190<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCEc\"> </span>km of off-road bicycle routes, 60<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCEg\"> </span>km of bicycle lanes on roads, 70<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCEk\"> </span>km of shared bus lanes which are also open to cyclists, 100<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCEo\"> </span>km of combined pedestrian/bike paths and 50<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCEs\"> </span>km of marked bicycle lanes on roadside pavements or sidewalks.<sup about=\"#mwt740\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-187\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-187\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-187\" id=\"mwCEw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCE0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCE4\">[</span>186<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCE8\">]</span></span></a></sup> Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Regionalbahn\" title=\"Regionalbahn\" id=\"mwCFA\">Regionalbahn</a> (RE), S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased.<sup about=\"#mwt743\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-188\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-188\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-188\" id=\"mwCFE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCFI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCFM\">[</span>187<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCFQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"38\" id=\"mwCFU\"><h3 id=\"Taxicabs\">Taxicabs</h3>\n<p id=\"mwCFY\">Taxicabs in Berlin are yellow or beige. In 2024, around 8,000 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Taxicabs\" title=\"Taxicabs\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCFc\">taxicabs</a> were in service.<sup about=\"#mwt746\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-189\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-189\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-189\" id=\"mwCFg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCFk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCFo\">[</span>188<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCFs\">]</span></span></a></sup> Like in most of Europe, app-based <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ridesharing_company\" title=\"Ridesharing company\" id=\"mwCFw\">sharing cab services</a> are available but limited.<sup about=\"#mwt749\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-190\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-190\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-190\" id=\"mwCF0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCF4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCF8\">[</span>189<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCGA\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"39\" id=\"mwCGE\"><h2 id=\"Energy\">Energy</h2>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCGI\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin-mitte_heizkraftwerk-mitte_20060605_629.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCGM\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin-mitte_heizkraftwerk-mitte_20060605_629.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Berlin-mitte_heizkraftwerk-mitte_20060605_629.jpg/250px-Berlin-mitte_heizkraftwerk-mitte_20060605_629.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Berlin-mitte_heizkraftwerk-mitte_20060605_629.jpg/500px-Berlin-mitte_heizkraftwerk-mitte_20060605_629.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2304\" data-file-height=\"1728\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"188\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCGQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCGU\">Heizkraftwerk Mitte power plant</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCGY\">Most of the electricity generated in Berlin comes from <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cogeneration\" title=\"Cogeneration\" id=\"mwCGc\">combined heat and power</a> (CHP) plants, which also supply the city's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./District_heating\" title=\"District heating\" id=\"mwCGg\">district heating</a> networks. Berlin is a net importer of electricity and draws power from neighboring <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg\" title=\"Brandenburg\" id=\"mwCGk\">Brandenburg</a>, particularly during summer, when local CHP plants operate at reduced output.<sup about=\"#mwt752\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Berlin-electricity-2024_191-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Berlin-electricity-2024\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Berlin-electricity-2024-191\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Berlin-electricity-2024-191\" id=\"mwCGo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCGs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCGw\">[</span>190<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCG0\">]</span></span></a></sup></p> \n\n<p id=\"mwCG4\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_380-kV_electric_line\" title=\"Berlin 380-kV electric line\" id=\"mwCG8\">Berlin 380-kV electric line</a>, which crosses the city from Spandau to Marzahn, forms a central part of the city's transmission network.<sup about=\"#mwt755\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-192\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-192\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-192\" id=\"mwCHA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCHE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCHI\">[</span>191<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCHM\">]</span></span></a></sup> Its connection to the regional grid in 1994 ended <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Berlin\" title=\"West Berlin\" id=\"mwCHQ\">West Berlin</a>'s operation as a power island.<sup about=\"#mwt758\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-193\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-193\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-193\" id=\"mwCHU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCHY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCHc\">[</span>192<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCHg\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCHk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./BEW_Berliner_Energie_und_Wärme?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwCHo\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme\"]}}'>BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme</a>, owned by the state of Berlin since 2024, operates several major CHP plants and the city's largest district heating network, which supplies about one third of Berlin's households.<sup about=\"#mwt761\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-BEW-public-ownership_194-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"BEW-public-ownership\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-BEW-public-ownership-194\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-BEW-public-ownership-194\" id=\"mwCHs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCHw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCH0\">[</span>193<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCH4\">]</span></span></a></sup> Its largest plants are the coal-fired Reuter West power station and the natural gas-fired Berlin-Mitte power station.<sup about=\"#mwt764\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-BEW-generating-facilities_195-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"BEW-generating-facilities\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-BEW-generating-facilities-195\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-BEW-generating-facilities-195\" id=\"mwCH8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCIA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCIE\">[</span>194<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCII\">]</span></span></a></sup></p> \n\n<p id=\"mwCIM\">Electricity generation from <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Renewable_energy\" title=\"Renewable energy\" id=\"mwCIQ\">renewable sources</a> in the city is growing, driven particularly by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Photovoltaics\" title=\"Photovoltaics\" id=\"mwCIU\">photovoltaics</a>. By the end of 2025, Berlin had 55,861 photovoltaic installations with a combined capacity of 487 MWp. Their estimated annual generation was about 438 GWh, equivalent to approximately 6% of Berlin’s gross electricity generation.<sup about=\"#mwt767\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-196\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-196\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-196\" id=\"mwCIY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCIc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCIg\">[</span>195<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCIk\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCIo\">Berlin's climate legislation requires the Senate to work toward a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Coal_phase-out\" title=\"Coal phase-out\" id=\"mwCIs\">phase-out of hard coal</a> by 2030.<sup about=\"#mwt770\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Berlin-coal-phase-out_197-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Berlin-coal-phase-out\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Berlin-coal-phase-out-197\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Berlin-coal-phase-out-197\" id=\"mwCIw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCI0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCI4\">[</span>196<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCI8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"40\" id=\"mwCJA\"><h2 id=\"Health\">Health</h2>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCJE\"><a href=\"./File:Charité_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCJI\"><img resource=\"./File:Charité_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg/250px-Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg/500px-Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3264\" data-file-height=\"1836\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"141\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCJM\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCJQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charité\" title=\"Charité\" id=\"mwCJU\">Charité</a>, Europe's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_hospitals_by_capacity\" title=\"List of hospitals by capacity\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCJY\">largest university hospital</a></figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwCJc\">Berlin has a long history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology.<sup about=\"#mwt773\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-198\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-198\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-198\" id=\"mwCJg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCJk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCJo\">[</span>197<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCJs\">]</span></span></a></sup> The modern history of medicine has been significantly influenced by scientists from Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rudolf_Virchow\" title=\"Rudolf Virchow\" id=\"mwCJw\">Rudolf Virchow</a> was the founder of cellular pathology, while <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Robert_Koch\" title=\"Robert Koch\" id=\"mwCJ0\">Robert Koch</a> developed vaccines for anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis.<sup about=\"#mwt776\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-199\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-199\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-199\" id=\"mwCJ4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCJ8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCKA\">[</span>198<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCKE\">]</span></span></a></sup> For his life's work Koch is seen as one of the founders of modern medicine.<sup about=\"#mwt779\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-200\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-200\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-200\" id=\"mwCKI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCKM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCKQ\">[</span>199<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCKU\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCKY\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charité\" title=\"Charité\" id=\"mwCKc\">Charité</a> complex (Universitätsklinik Charité) is the largest <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./University_hospital\" title=\"University hospital\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCKg\">university hospital</a> in Europe, tracing back its origins to the year 1710. More than half of all German Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Emil_von_Behring\" title=\"Emil von Behring\" id=\"mwCKk\">Emil von Behring</a>, Robert Koch and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Paul_Ehrlich\" title=\"Paul Ehrlich\" id=\"mwCKo\">Paul Ehrlich</a>, have worked at the Charité. The Charité is spread over four campuses and comprises around 3,000 beds, 15,500 staff, 8,000 students, and more than 60 operating theaters, and it has a turnover of two billion euros annually.<sup about=\"#mwt782\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin_201-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin-201\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin-201\" id=\"mwCKs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCKw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCK0\">[</span>200<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCK4\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"41\" id=\"mwCK8\"><h2 id=\"Education_and_research\">Education and research</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt783\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCLA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Education in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt784\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt783\" id=\"mwCLE\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Education_in_Berlin\" title=\"Education in Berlin\">Education in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCLI\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin-Mitte_Humboldt-Uni_05-2014.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCLM\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin-Mitte_Humboldt-Uni_05-2014.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Berlin-Mitte_Humboldt-Uni_05-2014.jpg/250px-Berlin-Mitte_Humboldt-Uni_05-2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Berlin-Mitte_Humboldt-Uni_05-2014.jpg/500px-Berlin-Mitte_Humboldt-Uni_05-2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"5080\" data-file-height=\"2540\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"125\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCLQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCLU\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Humboldt_University_of_Berlin\" title=\"Humboldt University of Berlin\" id=\"mwCLY\">Humboldt University of Berlin</a>, the world's first modern university,<sup about=\"#mwt787\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-202\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-202\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-202\" id=\"mwCLc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCLg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCLk\">[</span>201<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCLo\">]</span></span></a></sup> is affiliated with 57 Nobel Prize winners.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCLs\"><span about=\"#mwt788\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCLw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"as of\",\"href\":\"./Template:As_of\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2014\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>As of 2014</span><sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\" about=\"#mwt788\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>update<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" about=\"#mwt788\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2014\" about=\"#mwt788\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements\" about=\"#mwt788\" id=\"mwCL0\"/>, Berlin had 878 schools, teaching 340,658 students in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere.<sup about=\"#mwt792\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-berlin.de_142-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"berlin.de\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"mwCL4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCL8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCMA\">[</span>141<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCME\">]</span></span></a></sup> The city has a 6-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students continue to the <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt789\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCMI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Sekundarschule\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i lang=\"de\">Sekundarschule</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt789\" id=\"mwCMM\"/> (a comprehensive school) or <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt790\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCMQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Gymnasium\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i lang=\"de\">Gymnasium</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt790\" id=\"mwCMU\"/> (college preparatory school). Berlin has a special bilingual school program in the <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt791\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCMY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Europaschule\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i lang=\"de\">Europaschule</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt791\" id=\"mwCMc\"/>, in which children are taught the curriculum in German and a foreign language, starting in primary school and continuing in high school.<sup about=\"#mwt795\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-203\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-203\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-203\" id=\"mwCMg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCMk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCMo\">[</span>202<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCMs\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCMw\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Französisches_Gymnasium_Berlin\" title=\"Französisches Gymnasium Berlin\" id=\"mwCM0\">Französisches Gymnasium Berlin</a>, which was founded in 1689 to teach the children of Huguenot refugees, offers (German/French) instruction.<sup about=\"#mwt799\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-204\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-204\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-204\" id=\"mwCM4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCM8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCNA\">[</span>203<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCNE\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_F._Kennedy_School,_Berlin\" title=\"John F. Kennedy School, Berlin\" id=\"mwCNI\">John F. Kennedy School</a>, a bilingual German–American public school in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zehlendorf_(Berlin)\" title=\"Zehlendorf (Berlin)\" id=\"mwCNM\">Zehlendorf</a>, is particularly popular with children of diplomats and the English-speaking expatriate community. 82 <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt796\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCNQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Gymnasien\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i lang=\"de\">Gymnasien</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt796\" id=\"mwCNU\"/> teach <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Latin\" title=\"Latin\" id=\"mwCNY\">Latin</a><sup about=\"#mwt802\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-205\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-205\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-205\" id=\"mwCNc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCNg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCNk\">[</span>204<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCNo\">]</span></span></a></sup> and 8 teach <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Classical_Greek\" title=\"Classical Greek\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCNs\">Classical Greek</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt805\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-206\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-206\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-206\" id=\"mwCNw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCN0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCN4\">[</span>205<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCN8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"42\" id=\"mwCOA\"><h3 id=\"Higher_education\">Higher education</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt806\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCOE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Universities and research institutions in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt807\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt806\" id=\"mwCOI\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Universities_and_research_institutions_in_Berlin\" title=\"Universities and research institutions in Berlin\">Universities and research institutions in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCOM\"><a href=\"./File:Freie_Universitaet_Berlin_-_Gebaeudekomplex_Rost-_und_Silberlaube.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCOQ\"><img resource=\"./File:Freie_Universitaet_Berlin_-_Gebaeudekomplex_Rost-_und_Silberlaube.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Freie_Universitaet_Berlin_-_Gebaeudekomplex_Rost-_und_Silberlaube.jpg/250px-Freie_Universitaet_Berlin_-_Gebaeudekomplex_Rost-_und_Silberlaube.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Freie_Universitaet_Berlin_-_Gebaeudekomplex_Rost-_und_Silberlaube.jpg/500px-Freie_Universitaet_Berlin_-_Gebaeudekomplex_Rost-_und_Silberlaube.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1279\" data-file-height=\"555\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"108\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCOU\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCOY\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Free_University_of_Berlin\" title=\"Free University of Berlin\" id=\"mwCOc\">Free University of Berlin</a></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCOg\">The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in Germany and Europe. Historically, 67 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Berlin-based universities.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCOk\">The city has four public research universities and more than 30 private, professional, and technical colleges <i id=\"mwCOo\">(Hochschulen)</i>, offering a wide range of disciplines.<sup about=\"#mwt810\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-207\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-207\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-207\" id=\"mwCOs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCOw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCO0\">[</span>206<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCO4\">]</span></span></a></sup> A record number of 175,651 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2015/16.<sup about=\"#mwt813\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-208\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-208\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-208\" id=\"mwCO8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCPA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCPE\">[</span>207<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCPI\">]</span></span></a></sup> Among them around 18% have an international background.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCPM\">The three largest universities combined have approximately 103,000 enrolled students. There are the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Free_University_of_Berlin\" title=\"Free University of Berlin\" id=\"mwCPQ\">Freie Universität Berlin</a> <i id=\"mwCPU\">(Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin)</i> with about 33,000<sup about=\"#mwt816\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-209\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-209\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-209\" id=\"mwCPY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCPc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCPg\">[</span>208<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCPk\">]</span></span></a></sup> students, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Humboldt_University_of_Berlin\" title=\"Humboldt University of Berlin\" id=\"mwCPo\">Humboldt Universität zu Berlin</a> <i id=\"mwCPs\">(HU Berlin)</i> with 35,000<sup about=\"#mwt819\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-210\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-210\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-210\" id=\"mwCPw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCP0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCP4\">[</span>209<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCP8\">]</span></span></a></sup> students, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Technische_Universität_Berlin\" title=\"Technische Universität Berlin\" id=\"mwCQA\">Technische Universität Berlin</a> <i id=\"mwCQE\">(TU Berlin)</i> with 35,000<sup about=\"#mwt822\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-211\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-211\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-211\" id=\"mwCQI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCQM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCQQ\">[</span>210<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCQU\">]</span></span></a></sup> students. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charité\" title=\"Charité\" id=\"mwCQY\">Charité</a> Medical School has around 8,000 students.<sup about=\"#mwt823\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin_201-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin-201\" id=\"mwCQc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCQg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCQk\">[</span>200<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCQo\">]</span></span></a></sup> The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charité make up the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_University_Alliance\" title=\"Berlin University Alliance\" id=\"mwCQs\">Berlin University Alliance</a>, which has received funding from the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Universities_Excellence_Initiative\" title=\"German Universities Excellence Initiative\" id=\"mwCQw\">Excellence Strategy</a> program of the German government.<sup about=\"#mwt826\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-212\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-212\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-212\" id=\"mwCQ0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCQ4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCQ8\">[</span>211<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCRA\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt829\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-213\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-213\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-213\" id=\"mwCRE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCRI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCRM\">[</span>212<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCRQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_University_of_the_Arts\" title=\"Berlin University of the Arts\" id=\"mwCRU\">Universität der Künste</a> <i id=\"mwCRY\">(UdK)</i> has about 4,000 students and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ESMT_Berlin\" title=\"ESMT Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCRc\">ESMT Berlin</a> is only one of four business schools in Germany with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Triple_accreditation\" title=\"Triple accreditation\" id=\"mwCRg\">triple accreditation</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt832\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-214\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-214\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-214\" id=\"mwCRk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCRo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCRs\">[</span>213<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCRw\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hertie_School\" title=\"Hertie School\" id=\"mwCR0\">Hertie School</a>, a private public policy school located in Mitte, has more than 900 students and doctoral students. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_School_of_Economics_and_Law\" title=\"Berlin School of Economics and Law\" id=\"mwCR4\">Berlin School of Economics and Law</a> has an enrollment of about 11,000 students, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Hochschule_für_Technik\" title=\"Berliner Hochschule für Technik\" id=\"mwCR8\">Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology</a> of about 12,000 students, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./HTW_Berlin\" title=\"HTW Berlin\" id=\"mwCSA\">Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft</a> (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics) of about 14,000 students.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"43\" id=\"mwCSE\"><h3 id=\"Research\">Research</h3>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCSI\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Adlershof_Photonics_Center_2016.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCSM\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Adlershof_Photonics_Center_2016.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Berlin_Adlershof_Photonics_Center_2016.jpg/250px-Berlin_Adlershof_Photonics_Center_2016.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Berlin_Adlershof_Photonics_Center_2016.jpg/500px-Berlin_Adlershof_Photonics_Center_2016.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1798\" data-file-height=\"1199\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCSQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCSU\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./WISTA\" title=\"WISTA\" id=\"mwCSY\">WISTA Science and Technology Park</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin-Adlershof\" title=\"Berlin-Adlershof\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCSc\">Adlershof</a></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCSg\">The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fraunhofer_Society\" title=\"Fraunhofer Society\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCSk\">Fraunhofer Society</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./DLR_Institute_for_Planetary_Research\" title=\"DLR Institute for Planetary Research\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCSo\">DLR Institute for Planetary Research</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Leibniz_Association\" title=\"Leibniz Association\" id=\"mwCSs\">Leibniz Association</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Helmholtz_Association_of_German_Research_Centres\" title=\"Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCSw\">Helmholtz Association</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Max_Planck_Society\" title=\"Max Planck Society\" id=\"mwCS0\">Max Planck Society</a>, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities.<sup about=\"#mwt835\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-215\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-215\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-215\" id=\"mwCS4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCS8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCTA\">[</span>214<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCTE\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2012, around 65,000 professional scientists were working in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Research_and_development\" title=\"Research and development\" id=\"mwCTI\">research and development</a> in the city.<sup about=\"#mwt836\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-berlin.de_142-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"berlin.de\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"mwCTM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCTQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCTU\">[</span>141<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCTY\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCTc\">Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities (KIC) of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology\" title=\"European Institute of Innovation and Technology\" id=\"mwCTg\">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a> (EIT).<sup about=\"#mwt839\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-216\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-216\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-216\" id=\"mwCTk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCTo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCTs\">[</span>215<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCTw\">]</span></span></a></sup> The KIC is based at the Center for Entrepreneurship at TU Berlin and has a focus in the development of IT industries. It partners with major multinational companies such as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Siemens\" title=\"Siemens\" id=\"mwCT0\">Siemens</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Telekom\" title=\"Deutsche Telekom\" id=\"mwCT4\">Deutsche Telekom</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./SAP_SE\" title=\"SAP SE\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCT8\">SAP</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt842\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-217\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-217\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-217\" id=\"mwCUA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCUE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCUI\">[</span>216<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCUM\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCUQ\">One of Europe's successful research, business and technology <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_technology_centers\" title=\"List of technology centers\" id=\"mwCUU\">clusters</a> is based at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./WISTA\" title=\"WISTA\" id=\"mwCUY\">WISTA</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin-Adlershof\" title=\"Berlin-Adlershof\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCUc\">Berlin-Adlershof</a>, with more than 1,000 affiliated firms, university departments and scientific institutions.<sup about=\"#mwt845\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-218\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-218\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-218\" id=\"mwCUg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCUk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCUo\">[</span>217<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCUs\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCUw\">In addition to the university-affiliated libraries, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Staatsbibliothek_zu_Berlin\" title=\"Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCU0\">Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin</a> is a major research library. Its two main locations are on Potsdamer Straße and on <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Unter_den_Linden\" title=\"Unter den Linden\" id=\"mwCU4\">Unter den Linden</a>. There are also 86 public libraries in the city.<sup about=\"#mwt846\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-berlin.de_142-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"berlin.de\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"mwCU8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCVA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCVE\">[</span>141<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCVI\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ResearchGate\" title=\"ResearchGate\" id=\"mwCVM\">ResearchGate</a>, a global social networking site for scientists, is based in Berlin.</p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"44\" id=\"mwCVQ\"><h2 id=\"Culture\">Culture</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt847\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCVU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Culture in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt848\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt847\" id=\"mwCVY\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Culture_in_Berlin\" title=\"Culture in Berlin\">Culture in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCVc\"><a href=\"./File:Alte_Nationalgalerie_abends_(Zuschnitt).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCVg\"><img resource=\"./File:Alte_Nationalgalerie_abends_(Zuschnitt).jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Alte_Nationalgalerie_abends_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/250px-Alte_Nationalgalerie_abends_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Alte_Nationalgalerie_abends_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/500px-Alte_Nationalgalerie_abends_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4674\" data-file-height=\"3216\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"172\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCVk\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCVo\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alte_Nationalgalerie\" title=\"Alte Nationalgalerie\" id=\"mwCVs\">Alte Nationalgalerie</a> is part of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\" id=\"mwCVw\">Museum Island</a>, a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site\" title=\"UNESCO World Heritage Site\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCV0\">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCV4\">Berlin is known for its numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation.<sup about=\"#mwt849\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UNESCO_18-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UNESCO\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UNESCO-18\" id=\"mwCV8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCWA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCWE\">[</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCWI\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt852\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UNESCO-2_219-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UNESCO-2\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UNESCO-2-219\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UNESCO-2-219\" id=\"mwCWM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCWQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCWU\">[</span>218<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCWY\">]</span></span></a></sup> The diversity and vivacity of the metropolis led to a trendsetting atmosphere.<sup about=\"#mwt855\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-220\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-220\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-220\" id=\"mwCWc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCWg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCWk\">[</span>219<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCWo\">]</span></span></a></sup> An innovative music, dance and art scene has developed in the 21st century.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCWs\">Young people, international artists and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Berlin a popular entertainment center in the world.<sup about=\"#mwt858\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-221\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-221\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-221\" id=\"mwCWw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCW0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCW4\">[</span>220<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCW8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCXA\">The expanding cultural performance of the city was underscored by the relocation of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Universal_Music_Group\" title=\"Universal Music Group\" id=\"mwCXE\">Universal Music Group</a> who decided to move their headquarters to the banks of the River Spree.<sup about=\"#mwt861\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-222\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-222\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-222\" id=\"mwCXI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCXM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCXQ\">[</span>221<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCXU\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2005, Berlin was named \"City of Design\" by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNESCO\" title=\"UNESCO\" id=\"mwCXY\">UNESCO</a> and has been part of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Creative_Cities_Network\" title=\"Creative Cities Network\" id=\"mwCXc\">Creative Cities Network</a> ever since.<sup about=\"#mwt864\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-223\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-223\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-223\" id=\"mwCXg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCXk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCXo\">[</span>222<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCXs\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt867\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UNESCO-2005_224-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UNESCO-2005\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UNESCO-2005-224\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UNESCO-2005-224\" id=\"mwCXw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCX0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCX4\">[</span>223<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCX8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"45\" id=\"mwCYA\"><h3 id=\"Galleries_and_museums\">Galleries and museums</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt868\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCYE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main list\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main_list\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"List of museums and galleries in Berlin\\n\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt869\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt868\" id=\"mwCYI\">For a more comprehensive list, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_museums_and_galleries_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of museums and galleries in Berlin\">List of museums and galleries in Berlin</a>.</div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCYM\"><a href=\"./File:Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCYQ\"><img resource=\"./File:Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg/250px-Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg/500px-Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1282\" data-file-height=\"1877\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"278\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwCYU\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCYY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Thutmose_(sculptor)\" title=\"Thutmose (sculptor)\" id=\"mwCYc\">Thutmose</a>, <i id=\"mwCYg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bust_of_Nefertiti\" title=\"Bust of Nefertiti\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCYk\">Bust of Nefertiti</a></i>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Egyptian_Museum_of_Berlin\" title=\"Egyptian Museum of Berlin\" id=\"mwCYo\">Egyptian Museum of Berlin</a></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCYs\"><span about=\"#mwt870\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCYw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"As of\",\"href\":\"./Template:As_of\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2011\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>As of 2011</span><sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\" about=\"#mwt870\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>update<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" about=\"#mwt870\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011\" about=\"#mwt870\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements\" about=\"#mwt870\" id=\"mwCY0\"/> Berlin is home to 138 museums and more than 400 art galleries.<sup about=\"#mwt871\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-berlin.de_142-5\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"berlin.de\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"mwCY4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCY8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCZA\">[</span>141<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCZE\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt874\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-225\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-225\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-225\" id=\"mwCZI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCZM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCZQ\">[</span>224<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCZU\">]</span></span></a></sup> The ensemble on the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Island\" title=\"Museum Island\" id=\"mwCZY\">Museum Island</a> is a UNESCO <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_Heritage_Site\" title=\"World Heritage Site\" id=\"mwCZc\">World Heritage Site</a> and is in the northern part of the Spree Island between the Spree and the Kupfergraben.<sup about=\"#mwt875\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UNESCO_18-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UNESCO\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UNESCO-18\" id=\"mwCZg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCZk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCZo\">[</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCZs\">]</span></span></a></sup> As early as 1841 it was designated a \"district dedicated to art and antiquities\" by a royal decree. Subsequently, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Altes_Museum\" title=\"Altes Museum\" id=\"mwCZw\">Altes Museum</a> was built in the Lustgarten. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neues_Museum\" title=\"Neues Museum\" id=\"mwCZ0\">Neues Museum</a>, which displays the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nefertiti_Bust\" title=\"Nefertiti Bust\" id=\"mwCZ4\">bust of Queen Nefertiti</a>,<sup about=\"#mwt878\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-226\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-226\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-226\" id=\"mwCZ8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCaA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCaE\">[</span>225<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCaI\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alte_Nationalgalerie\" title=\"Alte Nationalgalerie\" id=\"mwCaM\">Alte Nationalgalerie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pergamon_Museum\" title=\"Pergamon Museum\" id=\"mwCaQ\">Pergamon Museum</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bode_Museum\" title=\"Bode Museum\" id=\"mwCaU\">Bode Museum</a> were built there.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCaY\">Apart from the Museum Island, there are many additional museums in the city. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gemäldegalerie,_Berlin\" title=\"Gemäldegalerie, Berlin\" id=\"mwCac\">Gemäldegalerie</a> (Painting Gallery) focuses on the paintings of the \"old masters\" from the 13th to the 18th centuries, while the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neue_Nationalgalerie\" title=\"Neue Nationalgalerie\" id=\"mwCag\">Neue Nationalgalerie</a> (New National Gallery, built by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe\" title=\"Ludwig Mies van der Rohe\" id=\"mwCak\">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a>) specializes in 20th-century European painting. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamburger_Bahnhof\" title=\"Hamburger Bahnhof\" id=\"mwCao\">Hamburger Bahnhof</a>, in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moabit\" title=\"Moabit\" id=\"mwCas\">Moabit</a>, exhibits a major collection of modern and contemporary art. The expanded <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsches_Historisches_Museum\" title=\"Deutsches Historisches Museum\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCaw\">Deutsches Historisches Museum</a> reopened in the Zeughaus with an overview of German history spanning more than a millennium. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bauhaus_Archive\" title=\"Bauhaus Archive\" id=\"mwCa0\">Bauhaus Archive</a> is a museum of 20th-century design from the famous <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bauhaus\" title=\"Bauhaus\" id=\"mwCa4\">Bauhaus</a> school. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Berggruen\" title=\"Museum Berggruen\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCa8\">Museum Berggruen</a> houses the collection of noted 20th century collector <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Heinz_Berggruen\" title=\"Heinz Berggruen\" id=\"mwCbA\">Heinz Berggruen</a>, and features an extensive assortment of works by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Picasso\" title=\"Picasso\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCbE\">Picasso</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Matisse\" title=\"Matisse\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCbI\">Matisse</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cézanne\" title=\"Cézanne\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCbM\">Cézanne</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Giacometti\" title=\"Giacometti\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCbQ\">Giacometti</a>, among others.<sup about=\"#mwt881\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-227\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-227\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-227\" id=\"mwCbU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCbY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCbc\">[</span>226<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCbg\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kupferstichkabinett_Berlin\" title=\"Kupferstichkabinett Berlin\" id=\"mwCbk\">Kupferstichkabinett</a> Berlin (Museum of Prints and Drawings) is part of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_State_Museums\" title=\"Berlin State Museums\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCbo\">Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin</a> (Berlin State Museums) and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kulturforum\" title=\"Kulturforum\" id=\"mwCbs\">Kulturforum at Potsdamer Platz</a> in the Tiergarten district of Berlin's Mitte district. It is the largest museum of the graphic arts in Germany and at the same time one of the four most important collections of its kind in the world.<sup about=\"#mwt884\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-228\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-228\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-228\" id=\"mwCbw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCb0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCb4\">[</span>227<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCb8\">]</span></span></a></sup> The collection includes <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrich_Gilly\" title=\"Friedrich Gilly\" id=\"mwCcA\">Friedrich Gilly</a>'s design for the monument to Frederick II of Prussia.<sup about=\"#mwt887\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-229\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-229\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-229\" id=\"mwCcE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCcI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCcM\">[</span>228<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCcQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCcU\"><a href=\"./File:Exterior_of_Fotografiska_Berlin.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCcY\"><img resource=\"./File:Exterior_of_Fotografiska_Berlin.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Exterior_of_Fotografiska_Berlin.jpg/250px-Exterior_of_Fotografiska_Berlin.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Exterior_of_Fotografiska_Berlin.jpg/500px-Exterior_of_Fotografiska_Berlin.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Exterior of Fotografiska Berlin\" data-file-width=\"6496\" data-file-height=\"4331\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCcc\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCcg\">Exterior of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fotografiska\" title=\"Fotografiska\" id=\"mwCck\">Fotografiska Berlin</a> on Oranienburger Str.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwCco\">Berlin hosts several major institutions dedicated to photography, reflecting the city's historical and contemporary engagement with the medium. The Museum für Fotografie, part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin and home to the Helmut Newton Foundation, presents historical and contemporary photographic works alongside the permanent exhibition <i id=\"mwCcs\">Helmut Newton's Private Property</i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fotografiska\" title=\"Fotografiska\" id=\"mwCcw\">Fotografiska</a> Berlin, opened in 2023 in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kunsthaus_Tacheles\" title=\"Kunsthaus Tacheles\" id=\"mwCc0\">Kunsthaus Tacheles</a>, focuses on modern and contemporary photography through showcasing local and international photographers alongside public programming. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./C/O_Berlin\" title=\"C/O Berlin\" id=\"mwCc4\">C/O Berlin</a>, located in the Amerika Haus near <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zoologischer_Garten_Berlin\" title=\"Zoologischer Garten Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCc8\">Zoologischer Garten</a>, is a leading exhibition space for photography and visual media, known for showcasing both established and emerging photographers. Photography also plays a significant role within broader institutions such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlinische_Galerie\" title=\"Berlinische Galerie\" id=\"mwCdA\">Berlinische Galerie</a>, which integrates photography into its presentation of modern art, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kunstbibliothek_Berlin\" title=\"Kunstbibliothek Berlin\" id=\"mwCdE\">Kunstbibliothek Berlin</a>, which holds an extensive photographic archive. Additional venues such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshain_Photo_Gallery\" title=\"Friedrichshain Photo Gallery\" id=\"mwCdI\">Friedrichshain Photo Gallery</a> contribute to the city's documentary and socially engaged photographic culture.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCdM\"><a href=\"./File:Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCdQ\"><img resource=\"./File:Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg/250px-Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg/500px-Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"768\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"188\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCdU\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCdY\">The reconstructed <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ishtar_Gate\" title=\"Ishtar Gate\" id=\"mwCdc\">Ishtar Gate</a> of Babylon at the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pergamon_Museum\" title=\"Pergamon Museum\" id=\"mwCdg\">Pergamon Museum</a></figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCdk\"><a href=\"./File:JewishMuseumBerlin.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCdo\"><img resource=\"./File:JewishMuseumBerlin.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/JewishMuseumBerlin.jpg/250px-JewishMuseumBerlin.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/JewishMuseumBerlin.jpg/500px-JewishMuseumBerlin.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"770\" data-file-height=\"597\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"194\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCds\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCdw\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Jewish_Museum_Berlin\" title=\"Jewish Museum Berlin\" id=\"mwCd0\">Jewish Museum</a> presents two millennia of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Jews\" title=\"German Jews\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCd4\">German–Jewish history</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCd8\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Jewish_Museum_Berlin\" title=\"Jewish Museum Berlin\" id=\"mwCeA\">Jewish Museum</a> has a standing exhibition on two millennia of German-Jewish history.<sup about=\"#mwt890\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-230\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-230\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-230\" id=\"mwCeE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCeI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCeM\">[</span>229<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCeQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Museum_of_Technology_(Berlin)\" title=\"German Museum of Technology (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCeU\">German Museum of Technology</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kreuzberg\" title=\"Kreuzberg\" id=\"mwCeY\">Kreuzberg</a> has a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The <i id=\"mwCec\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Natural_History_Museum,_Berlin\" title=\"Natural History Museum, Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCeg\">Museum für Naturkunde</a></i> (Berlin's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Natural_history_museum\" title=\"Natural history museum\" id=\"mwCek\">natural history museum</a>) exhibits <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Natural_history\" title=\"Natural history\" id=\"mwCeo\">natural history</a> near <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Hauptbahnhof\" title=\"Berlin Hauptbahnhof\" id=\"mwCes\">Berlin Hauptbahnhof</a>. It has the largest mounted dinosaur in the world (a <i id=\"mwCew\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Giraffatitan\" title=\"Giraffatitan\" id=\"mwCe0\">Giraffatitan</a></i> skeleton). A well-preserved specimen of <i id=\"mwCe4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tyrannosaurus\" title=\"Tyrannosaurus\" id=\"mwCe8\">Tyrannosaurus rex</a></i> and the early bird <i id=\"mwCfA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Archaeopteryx\" title=\"Archaeopteryx\" id=\"mwCfE\">Archaeopteryx</a></i> are at display as well.<sup about=\"#mwt893\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-231\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-231\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-231\" id=\"mwCfI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCfM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCfQ\">[</span>230<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCfU\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCfY\">In <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dahlem_(Berlin)\" title=\"Dahlem (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCfc\">Dahlem</a>, there are several museums of world art and culture, such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_of_Asian_Art\" title=\"Museum of Asian Art\" id=\"mwCfg\">Museum of Asian Art</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ethnological_Museum_of_Berlin\" title=\"Ethnological Museum of Berlin\" id=\"mwCfk\">Ethnological Museum</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Museum_Europäischer_Kulturen\" title=\"Museum Europäischer Kulturen\" id=\"mwCfo\">Museum of European Cultures</a>, as well as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Allied_Museum\" title=\"Allied Museum\" id=\"mwCfs\">Allied Museum</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brücke_Museum\" title=\"Brücke Museum\" id=\"mwCfw\">Brücke Museum</a> features one of the largest collection of works by artist of the early 20th-century expressionist movement. In <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lichtenberg,_Berlin\" title=\"Lichtenberg, Berlin\" id=\"mwCf0\">Lichtenberg</a>, on the grounds of the former <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stasi\" title=\"Stasi\" id=\"mwCf4\">East German Ministry for State Security</a>, is the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stasi_Museum\" title=\"Stasi Museum\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCf8\">Stasi Museum</a>. The site of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Checkpoint_Charlie\" title=\"Checkpoint Charlie\" id=\"mwCgA\">Checkpoint Charlie</a>, one of the most renowned crossing points of the Berlin Wall, is still preserved. A private <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Checkpoint_Charlie_Museum\" title=\"Checkpoint Charlie Museum\" id=\"mwCgE\">museum venture</a> exhibits a comprehensive documentation of detailed plans and strategies devised by people who tried to flee from the East.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCgI\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Beate_Uhse_Erotic_Museum\" title=\"Beate Uhse Erotic Museum\" id=\"mwCgM\">Beate Uhse Erotic Museum</a> claimed to be the largest erotic museum in the world until it closed in 2014.<sup about=\"#mwt896\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-232\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-232\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-232\" id=\"mwCgQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCgU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCgY\">[</span>231<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCgc\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt899\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-233\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-233\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-233\" id=\"mwCgg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCgk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCgo\">[</span>232<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCgs\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCgw\">The cityscape of Berlin displays large quantities of urban <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Street_art\" title=\"Street art\" id=\"mwCg0\">street art</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt902\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-234\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-234\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-234\" id=\"mwCg4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCg8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwChA\">[</span>233<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwChE\">]</span></span></a></sup> It has become a significant part of the city's cultural heritage and has its roots in the graffiti scene of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kreuzberg\" title=\"Kreuzberg\" id=\"mwChI\">Kreuzberg</a> of the 1980s.<sup about=\"#mwt905\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-235\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-235\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-235\" id=\"mwChM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwChQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwChU\">[</span>234<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwChY\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Wall_graffiti_art\" title=\"Berlin Wall graffiti art\" id=\"mwChc\">Berlin Wall</a> itself has become one of the largest open-air canvasses in the world.<sup about=\"#mwt908\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-236\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-236\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-236\" id=\"mwChg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwChk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCho\">[</span>235<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwChs\">]</span></span></a></sup> The leftover stretch along the Spree river in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshain\" title=\"Friedrichshain\" id=\"mwChw\">Friedrichshain</a> remains as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East_Side_Gallery\" title=\"East Side Gallery\" id=\"mwCh0\">East Side Gallery</a>. Berlin today is consistently rated as an important world city for street art culture.<sup about=\"#mwt911\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-237\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-237\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-237\" id=\"mwCh4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCh8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCiA\">[</span>236<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCiE\">]</span></span></a></sup>\nBerlin has galleries which are quite rich in contemporary art. Located in Mitte, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, KOW, Sprüth Magers; Kreuzberg there are a few galleries as well such as Blain Southern, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Esther_Schipper\" title=\"Esther Schipper\" id=\"mwCiI\">Esther Schipper</a>, Future Gallery, König Gallerie.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"46\" id=\"mwCiM\"><h3 id=\"Nightlife_and_festivals\">Nightlife and festivals</h3>\n<p id=\"mwCiQ\">Berlin's nightlife has been celebrated as one of the most diverse and vibrant of its kind.<sup about=\"#mwt914\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-238\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-238\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-238\" id=\"mwCiU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCiY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCic\">[</span>237<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCig\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt917\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-239\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-239\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-239\" id=\"mwCik\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCio\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCis\">[</span>238<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCiw\">]</span></span></a></sup> In the 1970s and 80s, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./SO36\" title=\"SO36\" id=\"mwCi0\">SO36</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kreuzberg\" title=\"Kreuzberg\" id=\"mwCi4\">Kreuzberg</a> was a center for <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Punk_music\" title=\"Punk music\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCi8\">punk music</a> and culture. The <i id=\"mwCjA\">SOUND</i> and the <i id=\"mwCjE\">Dschungel</i> gained notoriety. Throughout the 1990s, people in their 20s from all over the world, particularly those in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Western_Europe\" title=\"Western Europe\" id=\"mwCjI\">Western</a> and Central Europe, made Berlin's club scene a premier nightlife venue. After the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall\" title=\"Fall of the Berlin Wall\" id=\"mwCjM\">fall of the Berlin Wall</a> in 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and re-built by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Counterculture\" title=\"Counterculture\" id=\"mwCjQ\">counterculture</a> gatherings.<sup about=\"#mwt920\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-240\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-240\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-240\" id=\"mwCjU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCjY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCjc\">[</span>239<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCjg\">]</span></span></a></sup> The central boroughs are home to many nightclubs, including the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tresor_(club)\" title=\"Tresor (club)\" id=\"mwCjk\">Tresor</a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berghain\" title=\"Berghain\" id=\"mwCjo\">Berghain</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./KitKatClub\" title=\"KitKatClub\" id=\"mwCjs\">KitKatClub</a> and several other locations are known for their sexually uninhibited parties.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCjw\">Clubs are not required to close at a fixed time during the weekends, and many parties last well into the morning or even all weekend, including near <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alexanderplatz\" title=\"Alexanderplatz\" id=\"mwCj0\">Alexanderplatz</a>. Several venues have become a popular stage for the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neo-Burlesque\" title=\"Neo-Burlesque\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCj4\">Neo-Burlesque</a> scene.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCj8\">Berlin has a long history of gay culture, and is an important <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Scientific-Humanitarian_Committee\" title=\"Scientific-Humanitarian Committee\" id=\"mwCkA\">birthplace of the LGBT rights movement</a>. Same-sex bars and dance halls operated freely as early as the 1880s, and the first gay magazine, <i id=\"mwCkE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Eigene\" title=\"Der Eigene\" id=\"mwCkI\">Der Eigene</a></i>, started in 1896. By the 1920s, gays and lesbians had an unprecedented visibility.<sup about=\"#mwt923\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-241\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-241\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-241\" id=\"mwCkM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCkQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCkU\">[</span>240<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCkY\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt926\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-242\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-242\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-242\" id=\"mwCkc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCkg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCkk\">[</span>241<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCko\">]</span></span></a></sup> Today, in addition to a positive atmosphere in the wider club scene, the city again has a huge number of queer clubs and festivals. The most famous and largest are <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Pride\" title=\"Berlin Pride\" id=\"mwCks\">Berlin Pride</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Christopher_Street_Day\" title=\"Christopher Street Day\" id=\"mwCkw\">Christopher Street Day</a>,<sup about=\"#mwt929\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-243\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-243\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-243\" id=\"mwCk0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCk4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCk8\">[</span>242<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwClA\">]</span></span></a></sup> the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lesbian_and_Gay_City_Festival\" title=\"Lesbian and Gay City Festival\" id=\"mwClE\">Lesbian and Gay City Festival</a> in Berlin-Schöneberg, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kreuzberg_Pride\" title=\"Kreuzberg Pride\" id=\"mwClI\">Kreuzberg Pride</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwClM\">The annual <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_International_Film_Festival\" title=\"Berlin International Film Festival\" id=\"mwClQ\">Berlin International Film Festival</a> (Berlinale) with around 500,000 admissions is considered to be the largest publicly attended film festival in the world.<sup about=\"#mwt932\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-244\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-244\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-244\" id=\"mwClU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwClY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwClc\">[</span>243<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwClg\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt935\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-245\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-245\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-245\" id=\"mwClk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwClo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCls\">[</span>244<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwClw\">]</span></span></a></sup> The Karneval der Kulturen (<i id=\"mwCl0\">Carnival of Cultures</i>), a multi-ethnic street parade, is celebrated every <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pentecost\" title=\"Pentecost\" id=\"mwCl4\">Pentecost</a> weekend.<sup about=\"#mwt938\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-246\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-246\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-246\" id=\"mwCl8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCmA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCmE\">[</span>245<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCmI\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is also well known for the cultural festival <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Festspiele\" title=\"Berliner Festspiele\" id=\"mwCmM\">Berliner Festspiele</a>, which includes the jazz festival <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./JazzFest_Berlin\" title=\"JazzFest Berlin\" id=\"mwCmQ\">JazzFest Berlin</a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Young_Euro_Classic\" title=\"Young Euro Classic\" id=\"mwCmU\">Young Euro Classic</a>, the largest international festival of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Youth_orchestra\" title=\"Youth orchestra\" id=\"mwCmY\">youth orchestras</a> in the world. Several technology and media art festivals and conferences are held in the city, including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Transmediale\" title=\"Transmediale\" id=\"mwCmc\">Transmediale</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Chaos_Communication_Congress\" title=\"Chaos Communication Congress\" id=\"mwCmg\">Chaos Communication Congress</a>. The annual <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Festival\" title=\"Berlin Festival\" id=\"mwCmk\">Berlin Festival</a> focuses on indie rock, electronic music and synthpop and is part of the International Berlin Music Week.<sup about=\"#mwt940\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-247\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-247\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-247\" id=\"mwCmo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCms\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCmw\">[</span>246<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCm0\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt942\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-248\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-248\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-248\" id=\"mwCm4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCm8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCnA\">[</span>247<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCnE\">]</span></span></a></sup> Every year Berlin hosts one of the largest New Year's Eve celebrations in the world, attended by well over a million people. The focal point is the Brandenburg Gate, where midnight fireworks are centered, but various private fireworks displays take place throughout the entire city. Partygoers in Germany often toast the New Year with a glass of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sekt\" title=\"Sekt\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCnI\">sparkling wine</a>.</p>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt943\" id=\"mwCnM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"widths\":\"150\",\"heights\":\"150\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwCnQ\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwCnU\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwCnY\"><a href=\"./File:20150208_-_Berlinale_Palast_and_Red_Carpet.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"The Berlinale is the world's largest international spectator film festival.\" id=\"mwCnc\"><img resource=\"./File:20150208_-_Berlinale_Palast_and_Red_Carpet.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20150208_-_Berlinale_Palast_and_Red_Carpet.JPG/250px-20150208_-_Berlinale_Palast_and_Red_Carpet.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20150208_-_Berlinale_Palast_and_Red_Carpet.JPG/330px-20150208_-_Berlinale_Palast_and_Red_Carpet.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"The Berlinale is the world's largest international spectator film festival.\" data-file-width=\"5184\" data-file-height=\"3456\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCng\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwCnk\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlinale\" title=\"Berlinale\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCno\">Berlinale</a> is the world's largest international spectator film festival.</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwCns\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwCnw\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwCn0\"><a href=\"./File:Festival_of_Lights_2012_-_Französischer_Dom.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"The French Cathedral during the annual Festival of Lights\" id=\"mwCn4\"><img resource=\"./File:Festival_of_Lights_2012_-_Französischer_Dom.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Festival_of_Lights_2012_-_Franz%C3%B6sischer_Dom.jpg/120px-Festival_of_Lights_2012_-_Franz%C3%B6sischer_Dom.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Festival_of_Lights_2012_-_Franz%C3%B6sischer_Dom.jpg/250px-Festival_of_Lights_2012_-_Franz%C3%B6sischer_Dom.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"The French Cathedral during the annual Festival of Lights\" data-file-width=\"2301\" data-file-height=\"2897\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"150\" width=\"119\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCn8\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwCoA\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./French_Cathedral,_Berlin\" title=\"French Cathedral, Berlin\" id=\"mwCoE\">French Cathedral</a> during the annual <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Festival_of_Lights_(Berlin)\" title=\"Festival of Lights (Berlin)\" id=\"mwCoI\">Festival of Lights</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwCoM\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwCoQ\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwCoU\"><a href=\"./File:Hanukkah,_Brandenburg_Gate_(Berlin).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Hanukkah festival at the Brandenburg Gate\" id=\"mwCoY\"><img resource=\"./File:Hanukkah,_Brandenburg_Gate_(Berlin).jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hanukkah%2C_Brandenburg_Gate_%28Berlin%29.jpg/250px-Hanukkah%2C_Brandenburg_Gate_%28Berlin%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hanukkah%2C_Brandenburg_Gate_%28Berlin%29.jpg/330px-Hanukkah%2C_Brandenburg_Gate_%28Berlin%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Hanukkah festival at the Brandenburg Gate\" data-file-width=\"3696\" data-file-height=\"2448\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"99\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCoc\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwCog\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hanukkah\" title=\"Hanukkah\" id=\"mwCok\">Hanukkah</a> festival at the Brandenburg Gate</div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"47\" id=\"mwCoo\"><h3 id=\"Performing_arts\">Performing arts</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt944\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCos\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Music in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt945\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt944\" id=\"mwCow\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Music_in_Berlin\" title=\"Music in Berlin\">Music in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwCo0\"><a href=\"./File:Rattle_BPH-Rittershaus1-Wikipedia.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwCo4\"><img resource=\"./File:Rattle_BPH-Rittershaus1-Wikipedia.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rattle_BPH-Rittershaus1-Wikipedia.jpg/250px-Rattle_BPH-Rittershaus1-Wikipedia.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rattle_BPH-Rittershaus1-Wikipedia.jpg/500px-Rattle_BPH-Rittershaus1-Wikipedia.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"425\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"208\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCo8\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwCpA\">Sir <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Simon_Rattle\" title=\"Simon Rattle\" id=\"mwCpE\">Simon Rattle</a> conducting the renowned <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Philharmonic\" title=\"Berlin Philharmonic\" id=\"mwCpI\">Berlin Philharmonic</a></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCpM\">Berlin is home to 44 theaters and stages.<sup about=\"#mwt947\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-berlin.de_142-6\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"berlin.de\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"mwCpQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCpU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCpY\">[</span>141<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCpc\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsches_Theater_(Berlin)\" title=\"Deutsches Theater (Berlin)\" id=\"mwCpg\">Deutsches Theater</a> in Mitte was built in 1849–50 and has operated almost continuously since then. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Volksbühne\" title=\"Volksbühne\" id=\"mwCpk\">Volksbühne</a> at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz\" title=\"Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz\" id=\"mwCpo\">Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz</a> was built in 1913–14, though the company had been founded in 1890. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Ensemble\" title=\"Berliner Ensemble\" id=\"mwCps\">Berliner Ensemble</a>, famous for performing the works of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bertolt_Brecht\" title=\"Bertolt Brecht\" id=\"mwCpw\">Bertolt Brecht</a>, was established in 1949. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schaubühne\" title=\"Schaubühne\" id=\"mwCp0\">Schaubühne</a> was founded in 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfürstendamm in 1981. With a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seating_capacity\" title=\"Seating capacity\" id=\"mwCp4\">seating capacity</a> of 1,895 and a stage floor of <span about=\"#mwt946\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCp8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2854\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m2\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"0\"},\"sp\":{\"wt\":\"us\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>2,854 square meters (30,720</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt946\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt946\">sq</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt946\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt946\">ft)</span>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichstadt-Palast\" title=\"Friedrichstadt-Palast\" id=\"mwCqA\">Friedrichstadt-Palast</a> in Berlin Mitte is the largest show palace in Europe. For Berlin's independent dance and theatre scene, venues such as the Sophiensäle in Mitte and the three houses of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hebbel-Theater\" title=\"Hebbel-Theater\" id=\"mwCqE\">Hebbel am Ufer (HAU)</a> in Kreuzberg are important. Most productions there are also accessible to an English-speaking audience. Some of the dance and theatre groups that also work internationally (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gob_Squad\" title=\"Gob Squad\" id=\"mwCqI\">Gob Squad</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rimini_Protokoll\" title=\"Rimini Protokoll\" id=\"mwCqM\">Rimini Protokoll</a>) are based there, as well as festivals such as the international festival <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tanz_im_August\" title=\"Tanz im August\" id=\"mwCqQ\">Dance in August</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCqU\">Berlin has three <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Opera_house\" title=\"Opera house\" id=\"mwCqY\">opera houses</a>: the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Oper\" title=\"Deutsche Oper\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCqc\">Deutsche Oper</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_State_Opera\" title=\"Berlin State Opera\" id=\"mwCqg\">Berlin State Opera</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Komische_Oper\" title=\"Komische Oper\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCqk\">Komische Oper</a>. The Berlin State Opera on <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Unter_den_Linden\" title=\"Unter den Linden\" id=\"mwCqo\">Unter den Linden</a> opened in 1742 and is the oldest of the three. Its musical director is <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Daniel_Barenboim\" title=\"Daniel Barenboim\" id=\"mwCqs\">Daniel Barenboim</a>. The Komische Oper has traditionally specialized in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Operetta\" title=\"Operetta\" id=\"mwCqw\">operettas</a> and is also at Unter den Linden. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCq0\">The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Theater_des_Westens\" title=\"Theater des Westens\" id=\"mwCq4\">Theater des Westens</a> (built in 1895). Contemporary dance can be seen at the <i id=\"mwCq8\">Radialsystem V</i>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempodrom\" title=\"Tempodrom\" id=\"mwCrA\">Tempodrom</a> is host to concerts and circus-inspired entertainment. It also houses a multi-sensory spa experience. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Admiralspalast\" title=\"Admiralspalast\" id=\"mwCrE\">Admiralspalast</a> in Mitte has a vibrant program of variety and music events.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCrI\">There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Philharmonic_Orchestra\" title=\"Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCrM\">Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra</a> is one of the preeminent orchestras in the world;<sup about=\"#mwt950\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-249\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-249\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-249\" id=\"mwCrQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCrU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCrY\">[</span>248<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCrc\">]</span></span></a></sup> it is housed in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Philharmonie\" title=\"Berliner Philharmonie\" id=\"mwCrg\">Berliner Philharmonie</a> near Potsdamer Platz on a street named for the orchestra's longest-serving conductor, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Herbert_von_Karajan\" title=\"Herbert von Karajan\" id=\"mwCrk\">Herbert von Karajan</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt954\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-250\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-250\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-250\" id=\"mwCro\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCrs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCrw\">[</span>249<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCr0\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Simon_Rattle\" title=\"Simon Rattle\" id=\"mwCr4\">Simon Rattle</a> was its principal conductor from 1999 to 2018, a position now held by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kirill_Petrenko\" title=\"Kirill Petrenko\" id=\"mwCr8\">Kirill Petrenko</a>. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Konzerthausorchester_Berlin\" title=\"Konzerthausorchester Berlin\" id=\"mwCsA\">Konzerthausorchester Berlin</a> was founded in 1952 as the orchestra for East Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Christoph_Eschenbach\" title=\"Christoph Eschenbach\" id=\"mwCsE\">Christoph Eschenbach</a> is its principal conductor. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Haus_der_Kulturen_der_Welt\" title=\"Haus der Kulturen der Welt\" id=\"mwCsI\">Haus der Kulturen der Welt</a> presents exhibitions dealing with intercultural issues and stages world music and conferences.<sup about=\"#mwt957\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-251\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-251\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-251\" id=\"mwCsM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCsQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCsU\">[</span>250<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCsY\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <i id=\"mwCsc\">Kookaburra</i> and the <i id=\"mwCsg\">Quatsch Comedy Club</i> are known for satire and comedy shows. In 2018, the <i id=\"mwCsk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_New_York_Times\" title=\"The New York Times\" id=\"mwCso\">New York Times</a></i> described Berlin as \"arguably the world capital of underground <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Electronic_music\" title=\"Electronic music\" id=\"mwCss\">electronic music</a>\".<sup about=\"#mwt960\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-252\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-252\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-252\" id=\"mwCsw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCs0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCs4\">[</span>251<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCs8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"48\" id=\"mwCtA\"><h3 id=\"Cuisine\">Cuisine</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt961\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCtE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Cuisine of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt962\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt961\" id=\"mwCtI\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cuisine_of_Berlin\" title=\"Cuisine of Berlin\">Cuisine of Berlin</a></div>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt963\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCtM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"multiple image\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Multiple_image\"},\"params\":{\"align\":{\"wt\":\"right\"},\"caption_align\":{\"wt\":\"center\"},\"footer_align\":{\"wt\":\"center\"},\"image1\":{\"wt\":\"Döner Kebab.jpg\"},\"width1\":{\"wt\":\"226\"},\"caption1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Doner kebab|Döner kebab]]\"},\"image2\":{\"wt\":\"Currywurst-1.jpg\"},\"width2\":{\"wt\":\"192\"},\"caption2\":{\"wt\":\"A plate of [[Currywurst]]\"},\"footer\":{\"wt\":\"Invented in Berlin, currywurst and modern döner are icons of German popular culture and cuisine.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1349637415/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\" about=\"#mwt964\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Multiple image/styles.css\",\"wrapper\":\".tmulti\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"thumb tmulti floatright\" about=\"#mwt963\" id=\"mwCtQ\"><div class=\"thumbinner multiimageinner\" style=\"width:426px;max-width:426px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:228px;max-width:228px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Döner_Kebab.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Döner_Kebab.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/D%C3%B6ner_Kebab.jpg/250px-D%C3%B6ner_Kebab.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/D%C3%B6ner_Kebab.jpg/500px-D%C3%B6ner_Kebab.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4822\" data-file-height=\"3215\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"151\" width=\"226\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption text-align-center\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Doner_kebab\" title=\"Doner kebab\">Döner kebab</a></div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:194px;max-width:194px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Currywurst-1.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Currywurst-1.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Currywurst-1.jpg/250px-Currywurst-1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Currywurst-1.jpg/500px-Currywurst-1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2586\" data-file-height=\"2025\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"150\" width=\"192\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption text-align-center\">A plate of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Currywurst\" title=\"Currywurst\">Currywurst</a></div></div></div><div class=\"trow\" style=\"display:flow-root\"><div class=\"thumbcaption\" style=\"text-align:center\">Invented in Berlin, currywurst and modern döner are icons of German popular culture and cuisine.</div></div></div></div>\n\n<p id=\"mwCtU\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_cuisine\" title=\"German cuisine\" id=\"mwCtY\">cuisine</a> and culinary offerings of Berlin vary greatly. 23 restaurants in Berlin have been awarded one or more <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Michelin_Guide#Stars\" title=\"Michelin Guide\" id=\"mwCtc\">Michelin stars</a> in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Michelin_Guide\" title=\"Michelin Guide\" id=\"mwCtg\">Michelin Guide</a> of 2021, which ranks the city at the top for the number of restaurants having this distinction in Germany.<sup about=\"#mwt967\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-253\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-253\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-253\" id=\"mwCtk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCto\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCts\">[</span>252<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCtw\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian<sup about=\"#mwt970\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-254\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-254\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-254\" id=\"mwCt0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCt4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCt8\">[</span>253<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCuA\">]</span></span></a></sup> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Veganism\" title=\"Veganism\" id=\"mwCuE\">vegan</a><sup about=\"#mwt973\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-255\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-255\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-255\" id=\"mwCuI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCuM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCuQ\">[</span>254<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCuU\">]</span></span></a></sup> cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week.<sup about=\"#mwt976\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-256\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-256\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-256\" id=\"mwCuY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCuc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCug\">[</span>255<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCuk\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt979\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-257\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-257\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-257\" id=\"mwCuo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCus\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCuw\">[</span>256<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCu0\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCu4\">Many local foods originated from north German culinary traditions and include rustic and hearty dishes with pork, goose, fish, peas, beans, cucumbers, or potatoes. Typical Berliner fare include popular <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Street_food\" title=\"Street food\" id=\"mwCu8\">street food</a> like the <i id=\"mwCvA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Currywurst\" title=\"Currywurst\" id=\"mwCvE\">Currywurst</a></i> (which gained popularity with postwar construction workers rebuilding the city), <i id=\"mwCvI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frikadeller\" title=\"Frikadeller\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCvM\">Buletten</a></i> and the <i id=\"mwCvQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_(doughnut)\" title=\"Berliner (doughnut)\" id=\"mwCvU\">Berliner</a></i> donut, known in Berlin as <span title=\"German-language text\" about=\"#mwt980\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCvY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lang\",\"href\":\"./Template:Lang\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Pfannkuchen\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i lang=\"de\">Pfannkuchen</i></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text\" about=\"#mwt980\" id=\"mwCvc\"/> (<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1177148991\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt981\" id=\"mwCvg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:IPA/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"IPA\",\"href\":\"./Template:IPA\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"ˈp͡fanˌkuːxn̩\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"lang\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"De-Pfannkuchen.ogg\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class=\"IPA-label IPA-label-small\" about=\"#mwt981\">German:</span><span about=\"#mwt981\"> </span><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"de-Latn-fonipa\" about=\"#mwt981\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Help:IPA/Standard_German\" title=\"Help:IPA/Standard German\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>ˈp͡fanˌkuːxn̩<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></a></span><span about=\"#mwt981\"> </span><span class=\"ext-phonos\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/phonos\" about=\"#mwt981\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"phonos\",\"attrs\":{\"file\":\"De-Pfannkuchen.ogg\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'><span data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"ooui-php-3\" class=\"noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-buttonElement-size-medium oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget\" data-ooui='{\"_\":\"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton\",\"href\":\"\\/\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\/wikipedia\\/commons\\/transcoded\\/9\\/99\\/De-Pfannkuchen.ogg\\/De-Pfannkuchen.ogg.mp3\",\"rel\":[\"nofollow\"],\"framed\":false,\"icon\":\"volumeUp\",\"data\":{\"ipa\":\"\",\"text\":\"\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"wikibase\":\"\",\"file\":\"De-Pfannkuchen.ogg\"},\"classes\":[\"noexcerpt\",\"ext-phonos-PhonosButton\",\"ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel\"]}'><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/De-Pfannkuchen.ogg/De-Pfannkuchen.ogg.mp3\" rel=\"nofollow\" aria-label=\"Play audio\" title=\"Play audio\" class=\"oo-ui-buttonElement-button\"><span class=\"oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-labelElement-label\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator\"></span></a></span><sup class=\"ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:De-Pfannkuchen.ogg\" title=\"File:De-Pfannkuchen.ogg\">ⓘ</a></sup></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_with_German_IPA\" about=\"#mwt981\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations\" about=\"#mwt981\" id=\"mwCvk\"/>).<sup about=\"#mwt985\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-258\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-258\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-258\" id=\"mwCvo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCvs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCvw\">[</span>257<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCv0\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt988\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-259\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-259\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-259\" id=\"mwCv4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCv8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCwA\">[</span>258<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCwE\">]</span></span></a></sup> German bakeries offering a variety of breads and pastries are widespread. One of Europe's largest <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Delicatessen\" title=\"Delicatessen\" id=\"mwCwI\">delicatessen</a> markets is found at the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./KaDeWe\" title=\"KaDeWe\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCwM\">KaDeWe</a>, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is <i id=\"mwCwQ\">Rausch</i>.<sup about=\"#mwt991\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-260\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-260\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-260\" id=\"mwCwU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCwY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCwc\">[</span>259<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCwg\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt994\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-261\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-261\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-261\" id=\"mwCwk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCwo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCws\">[</span>260<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCww\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCw0\">Berlin is also home to a diverse gastronomy scene reflecting the immigrant history of the city. Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lahmacun\" title=\"Lahmacun\" id=\"mwCw4\">lahmacun</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Falafel\" title=\"Falafel\" id=\"mwCw8\">falafel</a>, which have become common fast food staples. The modern fast-food version of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Doner_kebab\" title=\"Doner kebab\" id=\"mwCxA\">doner kebab</a> sandwich which <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kadir_Nurman\" title=\"Kadir Nurman\" id=\"mwCxE\">evolved in Berlin</a> in the 1970s, has since become a favorite dish in Germany and elsewhere in the world.<sup about=\"#mwt997\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-262\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-262\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-262\" id=\"mwCxI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCxM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCxQ\">[</span>261<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCxU\">]</span></span></a></sup> Asian cuisine like Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Indian, Korean, and Japanese restaurants, as well as Spanish tapas bars, Italian, and Greek cuisine, can be found in many parts of the city.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"49\" id=\"mwCxY\"><h3 id=\"Recreation\">Recreation</h3>\n<p id=\"mwCxc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Zoological_Garden\" title=\"Berlin Zoological Garden\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCxg\">Zoologischer Garten Berlin</a>, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844. It is the most visited zoo in Europe and presents the most diverse range of species in the world.<sup about=\"#mwt1001\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-263\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-263\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-263\" id=\"mwCxk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCxo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCxs\">[</span>262<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCxw\">]</span></span></a></sup> It was the home of the captive-born celebrity polar bear <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Knut_(polar_bear)\" title=\"Knut (polar bear)\" id=\"mwCx0\">Knut</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt1004\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-264\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-264\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-264\" id=\"mwCx4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCx8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCyA\">[</span>263<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCyE\">]</span></span></a></sup> The city's other zoo, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tierpark_Berlin\" title=\"Tierpark Berlin\" id=\"mwCyI\">Tierpark Friedrichsfelde</a>, was founded in 1955.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCyM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin-Dahlem_Botanical_Garden_and_Botanical_Museum\" title=\"Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCyQ\">Berlin's Botanischer Garten</a> includes the Botanic Museum Berlin. With an area of <span about=\"#mwt1005\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCyU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\"./Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"43\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"ha\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"acre\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>43 hectares (110 acres)</span> and around 22,000 different plant species, it is one of the largest and most diverse collections of botanical life in the world. Other gardens in the city include the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Britzer_Garten\" title=\"Britzer Garten\" id=\"mwCyY\">Britzer Garten</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Erholungspark_Marzahn\" title=\"Erholungspark Marzahn\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCyc\">Gärten der Welt</a> (Gardens of the World) in Marzahn.<sup about=\"#mwt1008\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-265\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-265\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-265\" id=\"mwCyg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCyk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCyo\">[</span>264<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCys\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwCyw\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tiergarten_(park)\" title=\"Tiergarten (park)\" id=\"mwCy0\">Tiergarten park</a> in Mitte, with landscape design by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Peter_Joseph_Lenné\" title=\"Peter Joseph Lenné\" id=\"mwCy4\">Peter Joseph Lenné</a>, is one of Berlin's largest and most popular parks.<sup about=\"#mwt1011\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-266\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-266\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-266\" id=\"mwCy8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCzA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCzE\">[</span>265<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCzI\">]</span></span></a></sup> In Kreuzberg, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Viktoriapark\" title=\"Viktoriapark\" id=\"mwCzM\">Viktoriapark</a> provides a viewing point over the southern part of inner-city Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Treptower_Park\" title=\"Treptower Park\" id=\"mwCzQ\">Treptower Park</a>, beside the Spree in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Treptow\" title=\"Treptow\" id=\"mwCzU\">Treptow</a>, features a large <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Soviet_War_Memorial_(Treptower_Park)\" title=\"Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)\" id=\"mwCzY\">Soviet War Memorial</a>. The Volkspark in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshain\" title=\"Friedrichshain\" id=\"mwCzc\">Friedrichshain</a>, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema and several sports areas.<sup about=\"#mwt1014\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-267\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-267\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-267\" id=\"mwCzg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCzk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCzo\">[</span>266<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwCzs\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempelhofer_Feld\" title=\"Tempelhofer Feld\" id=\"mwCzw\">Tempelhofer Feld</a>, the site of the former <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Tempelhof_Airport\" title=\"Berlin Tempelhof Airport\" id=\"mwCz0\">city airport</a>, is the world's largest inner-city open space.<sup about=\"#mwt1017\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-268\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-268\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-268\" id=\"mwCz4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwCz8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC0A\">[</span>267<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC0E\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwC0I\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdam\" title=\"Potsdam\" id=\"mwC0M\">Potsdam</a> is on the southwestern periphery of Berlin. The city was a residence of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prussia\" title=\"Prussia\" id=\"mwC0Q\">Prussian</a> kings and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./German_Emperor\" title=\"German Emperor\" id=\"mwC0U\">German Kaiser</a> until 1918. The area around Potsdam, in particular <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sanssouci\" title=\"Sanssouci\" id=\"mwC0Y\">Sanssouci</a>, is known for a series of interconnected lakes and cultural landmarks. The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Palaces_and_Parks_of_Potsdam_and_Berlin\" title=\"Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin\" id=\"mwC0c\">Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin</a> are the largest <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_Heritage_Site\" title=\"World Heritage Site\" id=\"mwC0g\">World Heritage Site</a> in Germany.<sup about=\"#mwt1018\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UNESCO-2_219-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"UNESCO-2\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-UNESCO-2-219\" id=\"mwC0k\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC0o\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC0s\">[</span>218<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC0w\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwC00\">Berlin is also well known for its numerous cafés, street musicians, beach bars along the Spree River, flea markets, boutique shops and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pop-up_store\" title=\"Pop-up store\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC04\">pop-up stores</a>, which provide recreation and leisure opportunities.<sup about=\"#mwt1021\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-269\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-269\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-269\" id=\"mwC08\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC1A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC1E\">[</span>268<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC1I\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt1022\" id=\"mwC1M\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"widths\":\"150\",\"heights\":\"150\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwC1Q\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwC1U\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwC1Y\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Elefantentor_09-2017_b.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"The Elephant Gate at the Berlin Zoo\" id=\"mwC1c\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Elefantentor_09-2017_b.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Berlin_Elefantentor_09-2017.jpg/250px-Berlin_Elefantentor_09-2017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Berlin_Elefantentor_09-2017.jpg/330px-Berlin_Elefantentor_09-2017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"The Elephant Gate at the Berlin Zoo\" data-file-width=\"3854\" data-file-height=\"2168\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"84\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwC1g\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwC1k\">The Elephant Gate at the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Zoological_Garden\" title=\"Berlin Zoological Garden\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC1o\">Berlin Zoo</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwC1s\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwC1w\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwC10\"><a href=\"./File:Siegessäule10_b.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"The Victory Column in Tiergarten\" id=\"mwC14\"><img resource=\"./File:Siegessäule10_b.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Siegess%C3%A4ule10_b.jpg/250px-Siegess%C3%A4ule10_b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Siegess%C3%A4ule10_b.jpg/330px-Siegess%C3%A4ule10_b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"The Victory Column in Tiergarten\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"836\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"98\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwC18\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwC2A\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Victory_Column\" title=\"Berlin Victory Column\" id=\"mwC2E\">Victory Column</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tiergarten_(park)\" title=\"Tiergarten (park)\" id=\"mwC2I\">Tiergarten</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwC2M\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwC2Q\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwC2U\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Tiergarten4.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Inside Tiergarten (park)\" id=\"mwC2Y\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Tiergarten4.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Berlin_Tiergarten4.jpg/250px-Berlin_Tiergarten4.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Berlin_Tiergarten4.jpg/330px-Berlin_Tiergarten4.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Inside Tiergarten (park)\" data-file-width=\"2272\" data-file-height=\"1704\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"113\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwC2c\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwC2g\">Inside <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tiergarten_(park)\" title=\"Tiergarten (park)\" id=\"mwC2k\">Tiergarten (park)</a></div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185px;\" id=\"mwC2o\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 180px;\" id=\"mwC2s\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwC2w\"><a href=\"./File:Botanischer_Garten_Gärtnerwohnhaus_I.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Inside Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum\" id=\"mwC20\"><img resource=\"./File:Botanischer_Garten_Gärtnerwohnhaus_I.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Botanischer_Garten_G%C3%A4rtnerwohnhaus_I.jpg/250px-Botanischer_Garten_G%C3%A4rtnerwohnhaus_I.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Botanischer_Garten_G%C3%A4rtnerwohnhaus_I.jpg/330px-Botanischer_Garten_G%C3%A4rtnerwohnhaus_I.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Inside Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum\" data-file-width=\"5184\" data-file-height=\"3456\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwC24\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwC28\">Inside <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Botanical_Garden_and_Botanical_Museum\" title=\"Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum\" id=\"mwC3A\">Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum</a></div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"50\" id=\"mwC3E\"><h2 id=\"Sports\">Sports</h2>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1023\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwC3I\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Main\",\"href\":\"./Template:Main\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Sport in Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237\" about=\"#mwt1024\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Hatnote/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt1023\" id=\"mwC3M\">Main article: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Sport in Berlin\">Sport in Berlin</a></div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwC3Q\"><a href=\"./File:Berliner_Olympiastadion_night_2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwC3U\"><img resource=\"./File:Berliner_Olympiastadion_night_2.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Berliner_Olympiastadion_night_2.jpg/250px-Berliner_Olympiastadion_night_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Berliner_Olympiastadion_night_2.jpg/500px-Berliner_Olympiastadion_night_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"7149\" data-file-height=\"3920\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"137\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwC3Y\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwC3c\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)\" title=\"Olympic Stadium (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC3g\">Olympiastadion</a> hosted the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1936_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1936 Summer Olympics\" id=\"mwC3k\">1936 Summer Olympics</a>, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2006_FIFA_World_Cup_final\" title=\"2006 FIFA World Cup final\" id=\"mwC3o\">2006 FIFA World Cup final</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UEFA_Euro_2024_final\" title=\"UEFA Euro 2024 final\" id=\"mwC3s\">UEFA Euro 2024 final</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwC3w\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_marathon.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwC30\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_marathon.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Berlin_marathon.jpg/250px-Berlin_marathon.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Berlin_marathon.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"419\" data-file-height=\"303\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"181\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwC34\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwC38\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Marathon\" title=\"Berlin Marathon\" id=\"mwC4A\">Berlin Marathon</a> is the current second world record course (world record course is <span about=\"#mwt1025\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwC4E\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"As of\",\"href\":\"./Template:As_of\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2024\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"August\"},\"lc\":{\"wt\":\"y\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>as of August</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt1025\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt1025\">2024</span><sup class=\"plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\" about=\"#mwt1025\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;action=edit\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>update<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" about=\"#mwt1025\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_August_2024\" about=\"#mwt1025\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements\" about=\"#mwt1025\" id=\"mwC4I\"/> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Chicago_Marathon\" title=\"Chicago Marathon\" id=\"mwC4M\">Chicago Marathon</a>).</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwC4Q\"><a href=\"./File:Berlin_Mercedes-Benz-Arena.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwC4U\"><img resource=\"./File:Berlin_Mercedes-Benz-Arena.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Berlin_Mercedes-Benz-Arena.jpg/250px-Berlin_Mercedes-Benz-Arena.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Berlin_Mercedes-Benz-Arena.jpg/500px-Berlin_Mercedes-Benz-Arena.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4436\" data-file-height=\"3322\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"187\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwC4Y\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwC4c\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uber_Arena\" title=\"Uber Arena\" id=\"mwC4g\">Uber Arena</a> (formerly O2 World Berlin, later Mercedes-Benz Arena)</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwC4k\">Berlin has established a high-profile as a host city of major international sporting events.<sup about=\"#mwt1028\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-270\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-270\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-270\" id=\"mwC4o\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC4s\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC4w\">[</span>269<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC40\">]</span></span></a></sup> The city hosted the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1936_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1936 Summer Olympics\" id=\"mwC44\">1936 Summer Olympics</a> and was the host city for the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2006_FIFA_World_Cup\" title=\"2006 FIFA World Cup\" id=\"mwC48\">2006 FIFA World Cup</a> final.<sup about=\"#mwt1031\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-271\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-271\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-271\" id=\"mwC5A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC5E\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC5I\">[</span>270<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC5M\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"World Athletics Championships\" id=\"mwC5Q\">World Athletics Championships</a> was held at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Olympiastadion_(Berlin)\" title=\"Olympiastadion (Berlin)\" id=\"mwC5U\">Olympiastadion</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2009_World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"2009 World Athletics Championships\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC5Y\">2009</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt1034\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-272\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-272\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-272\" id=\"mwC5c\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC5g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC5k\">[</span>271<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC5o\">]</span></span></a></sup> The city hosted the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Euroleague_Final_Four\" title=\"Euroleague Final Four\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC5s\">Euroleague Final Four</a> basketball competition in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2009_Euroleague_Final_Four\" title=\"2009 Euroleague Final Four\" id=\"mwC5w\">2009</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2016_Euroleague_Final_Four\" title=\"2016 Euroleague Final Four\" id=\"mwC50\">2016</a>,<sup about=\"#mwt1037\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-273\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-273\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-273\" id=\"mwC54\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC58\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC6A\">[</span>272<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC6E\">]</span></span></a></sup> and was one of the hosts of FIBA <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./EuroBasket_2015\" title=\"EuroBasket 2015\" id=\"mwC6I\">EuroBasket 2015</a>. In 2015 Berlin was the venue for the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2015_UEFA_Champions_League_Final\" title=\"2015 UEFA Champions League Final\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC6M\">UEFA Champions League Final</a>. The city bid to host the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2000_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2000 Summer Olympics\" id=\"mwC6Q\">2000 Summer Olympics</a> but lost to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sydney\" title=\"Sydney\" id=\"mwC6U\">Sydney</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt1040\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-274\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-274\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-274\" id=\"mwC6Y\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC6c\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC6g\">[</span>273<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC6k\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwC6o\">Berlin hosted the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2023_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games\" title=\"2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games\" id=\"mwC6s\">2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games</a>. This is the first time Germany has ever hosted the Special Olympics World Games.<sup about=\"#mwt1043\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-275\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-275\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-275\" id=\"mwC6w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC60\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC64\">[</span>274<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC68\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwC7A\">The annual <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Marathon\" title=\"Berlin Marathon\" id=\"mwC7E\">Berlin Marathon</a><span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt1044\" id=\"mwC7I\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"snd\",\"href\":\"./Template:Snd\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt1044\">–</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt1044\"> </span>a course that holds the most top-10 world record runs<span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt1045\" id=\"mwC7M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"snd\",\"href\":\"./Template:Snd\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt1045\">–</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt1045\"> </span>and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Internationales_Stadionfest\" title=\"Internationales Stadionfest\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC7Q\">ISTAF</a> are well-established athletic events in the city.<sup about=\"#mwt1048\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-276\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-276\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-276\" id=\"mwC7U\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC7Y\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC7c\">[</span>275<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC7g\">]</span></span></a></sup> The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mellowpark\" title=\"Mellowpark\" id=\"mwC7k\">Mellowpark</a> in Köpenick is one of the biggest skate and BMX parks in Europe.<sup about=\"#mwt1051\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-277\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-277\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-277\" id=\"mwC7o\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC7s\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC7w\">[</span>276<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC70\">]</span></span></a></sup> A fan fest at Brandenburg Gate, which attracts several hundreds of thousands of spectators, has become popular during international football competitions, such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UEFA_European_Championship\" title=\"UEFA European Championship\" id=\"mwC74\">UEFA European Championship</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt1054\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-278\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-278\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-278\" id=\"mwC78\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC8A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC8E\">[</span>277<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC8I\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwC8M\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn\" title=\"Friedrich Ludwig Jahn\" id=\"mwC8Q\">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a>, who is often hailed as the \"father of modern gymnastics\", invented the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Horizontal_bar\" title=\"Horizontal bar\" id=\"mwC8U\">horizontal bar</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Parallel_bars\" title=\"Parallel bars\" id=\"mwC8Y\">parallel bars</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rings_(gymnastics)\" title=\"Rings (gymnastics)\" id=\"mwC8c\">rings</a>, and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vault_(gymnastics)\" title=\"Vault (gymnastics)\" id=\"mwC8g\">vault</a> around 1811 in Berlin.<sup about=\"#mwt1057\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-279\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-279\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-279\" id=\"mwC8k\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC8o\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC8s\">[</span>278<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC8w\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt1060\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-280\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-280\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-280\" id=\"mwC80\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC84\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC88\">[</span>279<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC9A\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt1063\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-281\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-281\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-281\" id=\"mwC9E\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC9I\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC9M\">[</span>280<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC9Q\">]</span></span></a></sup> Jahn's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Turners\" title=\"Turners\" id=\"mwC9U\">Turners</a> movement, first realized at <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Volkspark_Hasenheide\" title=\"Volkspark Hasenheide\" id=\"mwC9Y\">Volkspark Hasenheide</a>, was the origin of modern <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sports_clubs\" title=\"Sports clubs\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwC9c\">sports clubs</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt1066\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-282\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-282\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-282\" id=\"mwC9g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC9k\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC9o\">[</span>281<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC9s\">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2013, around 600,000 Berliners were registered in one of the more than 2,300 sport and fitness clubs.<sup about=\"#mwt1069\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-283\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-283\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-283\" id=\"mwC9w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC90\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC94\">[</span>282<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC98\">]</span></span></a></sup> The city of Berlin operates more than 60 public indoor and outdoor swimming pools.<sup about=\"#mwt1072\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-284\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-284\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-284\" id=\"mwC-A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC-E\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC-I\">[</span>283<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC-M\">]</span></span></a></sup> Berlin is the largest Olympic training center in Germany, with around 500 top athletes (15% of all German top athletes) being based there. 47 elite athletes participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Berliners would achieve 7 gold, 12 silver, and 3 bronze medals.<sup about=\"#mwt1075\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-285\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-285\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-285\" id=\"mwC-Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC-U\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC-Y\">[</span>284<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC-c\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwC-g\">Several professional clubs representing the most important spectator team sports in Germany are based in Berlin. The oldest and most popular first-division team based in Berlin is the football club <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hertha_BSC\" title=\"Hertha BSC\" id=\"mwC-k\">Hertha BSC</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt1078\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Herthabsc.de-2011_286-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Herthabsc.de-2011\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Herthabsc.de-2011-286\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Herthabsc.de-2011-286\" id=\"mwC-o\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC-s\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC-w\">[</span>285<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC-0\">]</span></span></a></sup> The team represented Berlin as a founding member of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundesliga\" title=\"Bundesliga\" id=\"mwC-4\">Bundesliga</a> in 1963. Other professional team sport clubs include:</p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\" id=\"mwC-8\">\n<tbody id=\"mwC_A\"><tr id=\"mwC_E\">\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwC_I\">Club(s)</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwC_M\">Sport(s)</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwC_Q\">Founded</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwC_U\">League(s)</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:gold; color:navy;\" id=\"mwC_Y\">Venue(s)</th></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwC_c\">\n<td id=\"mwC_g\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1._FC_Union_Berlin\" title=\"1. FC Union Berlin\" id=\"mwC_k\">1. FC Union Berlin</a><sup about=\"#mwt1081\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-287\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-287\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-287\" id=\"mwC_o\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwC_s\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC_w\">[</span>286<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwC_0\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwC_4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Association_football\" title=\"Association football\" id=\"mwC_8\">Football</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDAA\">1966</td>\n<td id=\"mwDAE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundesliga\" title=\"Bundesliga\" id=\"mwDAI\">Bundesliga</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDAM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stadion_An_der_Alten_Försterei\" title=\"Stadion An der Alten Försterei\" id=\"mwDAQ\">Stadion An der Alten Försterei</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDAU\">\n<td id=\"mwDAY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hertha_BSC\" title=\"Hertha BSC\" id=\"mwDAc\">Hertha BSC</a><sup about=\"#mwt1082\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Herthabsc.de-2011_286-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Herthabsc.de-2011\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Herthabsc.de-2011-286\" id=\"mwDAg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDAk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDAo\">[</span>285<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDAs\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwDAw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Association_football\" title=\"Association football\" id=\"mwDA0\">Football</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDA4\">1892</td>\n<td id=\"mwDA8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2._Bundesliga\" title=\"2. Bundesliga\" id=\"mwDBA\">2. Bundesliga</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDBE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)\" title=\"Olympic Stadium (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDBI\">Olympiastadion</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDBM\">\n<td id=\"mwDBQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ALBA_Berlin\" title=\"ALBA Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDBU\">ALBA Berlin</a><sup about=\"#mwt1085\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-288\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-288\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-288\" id=\"mwDBY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDBc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDBg\">[</span>287<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDBk\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwDBo\">Basketball</td>\n<td id=\"mwDBs\">1991</td>\n<td id=\"mwDBw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Basketball_Bundesliga\" title=\"Basketball Bundesliga\" id=\"mwDB0\">BBL</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDB4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uber_Arena\" title=\"Uber Arena\" id=\"mwDB8\">Uber Arena</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDCA\">\n<td id=\"mwDCE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Thunder_(ELF)\" title=\"Berlin Thunder (ELF)\" id=\"mwDCI\">Berlin Thunder</a><sup about=\"#mwt1088\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-289\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-289\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-289\" id=\"mwDCM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDCQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDCU\">[</span>288<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDCY\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwDCc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./American_football\" title=\"American football\" id=\"mwDCg\">American football</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDCk\">2021</td>\n<td id=\"mwDCo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_League_of_Football\" title=\"European League of Football\" id=\"mwDCs\">ELF</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDCw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark\" title=\"Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark\" id=\"mwDC0\">Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDC4\">\n<td id=\"mwDC8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Eisbären_Berlin\" title=\"Eisbären Berlin\" id=\"mwDDA\">Eisbären Berlin</a><sup about=\"#mwt1091\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-290\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-290\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-290\" id=\"mwDDE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDDI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDDM\">[</span>289<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDDQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwDDU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ice_hockey\" title=\"Ice hockey\" id=\"mwDDY\">Ice hockey</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDDc\">1954</td>\n<td id=\"mwDDg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga\" title=\"Deutsche Eishockey Liga\" id=\"mwDDk\">DEL</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDDo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uber_Arena\" title=\"Uber Arena\" id=\"mwDDs\">Uber Arena</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDDw\">\n<td id=\"mwDD0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Füchse_Berlin_(handball)\" title=\"Füchse Berlin (handball)\" id=\"mwDD4\">Füchse Berlin</a><sup about=\"#mwt1094\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-291\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-291\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-291\" id=\"mwDD8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDEA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDEE\">[</span>290<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDEI\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwDEM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Team_handball\" title=\"Team handball\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDEQ\">Handball</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDEU\">1891</td>\n<td id=\"mwDEY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bundesliga_(handball)\" title=\"Bundesliga (handball)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDEc\">HBL</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDEg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Max-Schmeling-Halle\" title=\"Max-Schmeling-Halle\" id=\"mwDEk\">Max-Schmeling-Halle</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDEo\">\n<td id=\"mwDEs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Recycling_Volleys\" title=\"Berlin Recycling Volleys\" id=\"mwDEw\">Berlin Recycling Volleys</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDE0\">Volleyball</td>\n<td id=\"mwDE4\">1991</td>\n<td id=\"mwDE8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Volleyball-Bundesliga\" title=\"Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga\" id=\"mwDFA\">Bundesliga</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDFE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Max-Schmeling-Halle\" title=\"Max-Schmeling-Halle\" id=\"mwDFI\">Max-Schmeling-Halle</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDFM\">\n<td id=\"mwDFQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Hockey_Club?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Berliner Hockey Club\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwDFU\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Berliner Hockey Club\"]}}'>Berliner Hockey Club</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDFY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lacrosse\" title=\"Lacrosse\" id=\"mwDFc\">Lacrosse</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDFg\">2005</td>\n<td id=\"mwDFk\">Bundesliga</td>\n<td id=\"mwDFo\">Ernst-Reuter-Feld</td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDFs\">\n<td id=\"mwDFw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_RC\" title=\"Berliner RC\" id=\"mwDF0\">Berliner RC</a><sup about=\"#mwt1097\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-292\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-292\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-292\" id=\"mwDF4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDF8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDGA\">[</span>291<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDGE\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwDGI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rugby_Union\" title=\"Rugby Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDGM\">Rugby Union</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDGQ\">1926</td>\n<td id=\"mwDGU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rugby-Bundesliga\" title=\"Rugby-Bundesliga\" id=\"mwDGY\">Rugby-Bundesliga</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDGc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sportanlage_Jungfernheide?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Sportanlage Jungfernheide\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwDGg\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Sportanlage Jungfernheide\"]}}'>Sportanlage Jungfernheide</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDGk\">\n<td id=\"mwDGo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./RK_03_Berlin\" title=\"RK 03 Berlin\" id=\"mwDGs\">RK 03 Berlin</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDGw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rugby_Union\" title=\"Rugby Union\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDG0\">Rugby Union</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDG4\">1967</td>\n<td id=\"mwDG8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rugby-Bundesliga\" title=\"Rugby-Bundesliga\" id=\"mwDHA\">Rugby-Bundesliga</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDHE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stadion_Buschallee?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Stadion Buschallee\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwDHI\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Stadion Buschallee\"]}}'>Stadion Buschallee</a></td></tr>\n<tr id=\"mwDHM\">\n<td id=\"mwDHQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./FC_Liria_Berlin\" title=\"FC Liria Berlin\" id=\"mwDHU\">FC Liria Berlin</a><sup about=\"#mwt1100\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-293\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-293\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-293\" id=\"mwDHY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDHc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDHg\">[</span>292<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDHk\">]</span></span></a></sup></td>\n<td id=\"mwDHo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Futsal\" title=\"Futsal\" id=\"mwDHs\">Futsal</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDHw\">1985</td>\n<td id=\"mwDH0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Futsal_Bundesliga\" title=\"Futsal Bundesliga\" id=\"mwDH4\">Futsal Bundesliga</a></td>\n<td id=\"mwDH8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bezirkssporthalle_Neukölln_-_Werner-Seelenbinder-Sportpark?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Bezirkssporthalle Neukölln - Werner-Seelenbinder-Sportpark\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwDIA\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Bezirkssporthalle Neukölln - Werner-Seelenbinder-Sportpark\"]}}'>Bezirkssporthalle Neukölln - Werner-Seelenbinder-Sportpark</a></td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"51\" id=\"mwDIE\"><h2 id=\"See_also\">See also</h2>\n<ul id=\"mwDII\"><li id=\"mwDIM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_fiction_set_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of fiction set in Berlin\" id=\"mwDIQ\">List of fiction set in Berlin</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwDIU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_honorary_citizens_of_Berlin\" title=\"List of honorary citizens of Berlin\" id=\"mwDIY\">List of honorary citizens of Berlin</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwDIc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_people_from_Berlin\" title=\"List of people from Berlin\" id=\"mwDIg\">List of people from Berlin</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwDIk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_songs_about_Berlin\" title=\"List of songs about Berlin\" id=\"mwDIo\">List of songs about Berlin</a></li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"52\" id=\"mwDIs\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"53\" id=\"mwDIw\"><h3 id=\"Notes\">Notes</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1101\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDI0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"notelist\",\"href\":\"./Template:Notelist\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1327269900\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1102\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Reflist/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style></span><div about=\"#mwt1101\" id=\"mwDI4\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/references\" about=\"#mwt1103\" id=\"mwDI8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"lower-alpha\",\"responsive\":\"1\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'><ol class=\"mw-references references\" data-mw-group=\"lower-alpha\" id=\"mwDJA\"><li about=\"#cite_note-8\" id=\"cite_note-8\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"a\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDJE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-8\" data-mw-group=\"lower-alpha\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDJI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDJM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\" data-mw-group=\"lower-alpha\">English: <span class=\"rt-commentedText nowrap\" id=\"mwDJQ\"><span class=\"IPA nopopups noexcerpt\" lang=\"en-fonipa\" id=\"mwDJU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Help:IPA/English\" title=\"Help:IPA/English\" id=\"mwDJY\">/<span style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted\" id=\"mwDJc\"><span title=\"'b' in 'buy'\" id=\"mwDJg\">b</span><span title=\"/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'\" id=\"mwDJk\">ɜːr</span><span title=\"/ˈ/: primary stress follows\" id=\"mwDJo\">ˈ</span><span title=\"'l' in 'lie'\" id=\"mwDJs\">l</span><span title=\"/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'\" id=\"mwDJw\">ɪ</span><span title=\"'n' in 'nigh'\" id=\"mwDJ0\">n</span></span>/</a></span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDJ4\"> </span><span class=\"ext-phonos\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/phonos\" about=\"#mwt52\" id=\"mwDJ8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"phonos\",\"attrs\":{\"file\":\"Berlin_Voice_rec2.ogg\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'><span data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"ooui-php-1\" class=\"noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-buttonElement-size-medium oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget\" data-ooui='{\"_\":\"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton\",\"href\":\"\\/\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\/wikipedia\\/commons\\/transcoded\\/d\\/dd\\/Berlin_Voice_rec2.ogg\\/Berlin_Voice_rec2.ogg.mp3\",\"rel\":[\"nofollow\"],\"framed\":false,\"icon\":\"volumeUp\",\"data\":{\"ipa\":\"\",\"text\":\"\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"wikibase\":\"\",\"file\":\"Berlin Voice rec2.ogg\"},\"classes\":[\"noexcerpt\",\"ext-phonos-PhonosButton\",\"ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel\"]}'><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Berlin_Voice_rec2.ogg/Berlin_Voice_rec2.ogg.mp3\" rel=\"nofollow\" aria-label=\"Play audio\" title=\"Play audio\" class=\"oo-ui-buttonElement-button\" id=\"mwDKA\"><span class=\"oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp\" id=\"mwDKE\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-labelElement-label\" id=\"mwDKI\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator\" id=\"mwDKM\"></span></a></span><sup class=\"ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable\" id=\"mwDKQ\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Berlin_Voice_rec2.ogg\" title=\"File:Berlin Voice rec2.ogg\" id=\"mwDKU\">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations\" id=\"mwDKY\"/> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key\" title=\"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\" id=\"mwDKc\"><i title=\"English pronunciation respelling\" id=\"mwDKg\">bur-<span style=\"font-size:90%\" id=\"mwDKk\">LIN</span></i></a>; <span class=\"IPA-label\" id=\"mwDKo\">German:</span> <span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"de-Latn-fonipa\" id=\"mwDKs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Help:IPA/Standard_German\" title=\"Help:IPA/Standard German\" id=\"mwDKw\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDK0\">[</span>bɛʁˈliːn<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDK4\">]</span></a></span> <span class=\"ext-phonos\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/phonos\" about=\"#mwt53\" id=\"mwDK8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"phonos\",\"attrs\":{\"file\":\"de-Berlin2.ogg\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'><span data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"ooui-php-2\" class=\"noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-buttonElement-size-medium oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget\" data-ooui='{\"_\":\"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton\",\"href\":\"\\/\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\/wikipedia\\/commons\\/transcoded\\/0\\/06\\/De-Berlin2.ogg\\/De-Berlin2.ogg.mp3\",\"rel\":[\"nofollow\"],\"framed\":false,\"icon\":\"volumeUp\",\"data\":{\"ipa\":\"\",\"text\":\"\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"wikibase\":\"\",\"file\":\"De-Berlin2.ogg\"},\"classes\":[\"noexcerpt\",\"ext-phonos-PhonosButton\",\"ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel\"]}'><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/De-Berlin2.ogg/De-Berlin2.ogg.mp3\" rel=\"nofollow\" aria-label=\"Play audio\" title=\"Play audio\" class=\"oo-ui-buttonElement-button\" id=\"mwDLA\"><span class=\"oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp\" id=\"mwDLE\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-labelElement-label\" id=\"mwDLI\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator\" id=\"mwDLM\"></span></a></span><sup class=\"ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable\" id=\"mwDLQ\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:De-Berlin2.ogg\" title=\"File:De-Berlin2.ogg\" id=\"mwDLU\">ⓘ</a></sup></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_with_German_IPA\" id=\"mwDLY\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations\" id=\"mwDLc\"/>.<sup about=\"#mwt56\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Kleiner-2015_7-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Kleiner-2015\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Kleiner-2015-7\"}}'><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_note-Kleiner-2015-7\" id=\"mwDLg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwDLk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDLo\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwDLs\">]</span></span></a></sup></span></li>\n</ol></div></div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"54\" id=\"mwDLw\"><h3 id=\"Citations\">Citations</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1104\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDL0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"reflist\",\"href\":\"./Template:Reflist\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1327269900\" about=\"#mwt1105\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Reflist/styles.css\"}}'/></span><div about=\"#mwt1104\" id=\"mwDL4\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/references\" about=\"#mwt1106\" id=\"mwDL8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"responsive\":\"1\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'><ol class=\"mw-references references\" id=\"mwDMA\"><li about=\"#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2-1\" id=\"cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2-1\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"1\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDME\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2_1-0\" id=\"mwDMI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDMM\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2_1-1\" id=\"mwDMQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDMU\">2</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2_1-2\" id=\"mwDMY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDMc\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-2-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt20\" id=\"mwDMg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#bf3c2c)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#bf3c2c)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" id=\"mwDMk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125331/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Statistiken/inhalt-statistiken.asp\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDMo\">\"Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDMs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg\" title=\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDMw\">Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Statistiken/inhalt-statistiken.asp\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDM0\">the original</a> on 8 March 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDM4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDM8\">2 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.atitle=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin+Brandenburg+%E2%80%93+Statistiken&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2FStatistiken%2Finhalt-statistiken.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwDNA\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" id=\"mwDNE\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-2\" id=\"cite_note-2\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDNI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-2\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDNM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDNQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><ul id=\"mwDNU\"><li id=\"mwDNY\">www.zensus2022.de*<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt25\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwDNc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwDNg\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.zensus2022.de/EN/Census_results/_inhalt.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDNk\">\"Release of results (Census 15.05.2022)\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDNo\">destatis.de</i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Statistical_Office_of_Germany\" title=\"Federal Statistical Office of Germany\" id=\"mwDNs\">Federal Statistical Office of Germany</a>. 25 June 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDNw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDN0\">22 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=destatis.de&amp;rft.atitle=Release+of+results+%28Census+15.05.2022%29&amp;rft.date=2024-06-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zensus2022.de%2FEN%2FCensus_results%2F_inhalt.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwDN4\"></span></li></ul></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Destatis.Population-3\" id=\"cite_note-Destatis.Population-3\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"3\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDN8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Destatis.Population_3-0\" id=\"mwDOA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDOE\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Destatis.Population_3-1\" id=\"mwDOI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDOM\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Destatis.Population-3\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt30\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwDOQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwDOU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Current-Population/Tables/population-by-laender-basis-2022.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDOY\">\"Population by nationality and federal states\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDOc\">destatis.de</i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Statistical_Office_of_Germany\" title=\"Federal Statistical Office of Germany\" id=\"mwDOg\">Federal Statistical Office of Germany</a>. 10 January 2025<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDOk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDOo\">22 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=destatis.de&amp;rft.atitle=Population+by+nationality+and+federal+states&amp;rft.date=2025-01-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destatis.de%2FEN%2FThemes%2FSociety-Environment%2FPopulation%2FCurrent-Population%2FTables%2Fpopulation-by-laender-basis-2022.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwDOs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-UrbanAgglomerations-4\" id=\"cite_note-UrbanAgglomerations-4\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"4\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDOw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UrbanAgglomerations_4-0\" id=\"mwDO0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDO4\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UrbanAgglomerations_4-1\" id=\"mwDO8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDPA\">2</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UrbanAgglomerations_4-2\" id=\"mwDPE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDPI\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UrbanAgglomerations-4\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt35\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwDPM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwDPQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.citypopulation.de/en/germany/agglo/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDPU\">\"Germany: Urban Agglomerations\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDPY\">citypopulation.de</i>. CityPopulation<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDPc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDPg\">22 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&amp;rft.atitle=Germany%3A+Urban+Agglomerations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Fagglo%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwDPk\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-destatis-5\" id=\"cite_note-destatis-5\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDPo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-destatis_5-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDPs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDPw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-destatis-5\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt41\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwDP0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" id=\"mwDP4\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistikportal.de/de/vgrdl/ergebnisse-laenderebene/bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung/bip#9517\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDP8\">\"Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDQA\">[</span>Gross domestic product, gross value added<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDQE\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwDQI\">statistikportal.de</i> (in German). Statistisches Bundesamt Obere Bundesbehörde im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums des Innern und für Heimat. 28 March 2025<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDQM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDQQ\">8 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=statistikportal.de&amp;rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt%2C+Bruttowertsch%C3%B6pfung&amp;rft.date=2025-03-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistikportal.de%2Fde%2Fvgrdl%2Fergebnisse-laenderebene%2Fbruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung%2Fbip%239517&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwDQU\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" id=\"mwDQY\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-6\" id=\"cite_note-6\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDQc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-6\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDQg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDQk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt46\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwDQo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwDQs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/DEU/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDQw\">\"Subnational HDI\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDQ0\">hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDQ4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDQ8\">17 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&amp;rft.atitle=Subnational+HDI&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FDEU%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwDRA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Kleiner-2015-7\" id=\"cite_note-Kleiner-2015-7\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"7\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDRE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Kleiner-2015_7-0\" id=\"mwDRI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDRM\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Kleiner-2015_7-1\" id=\"mwDRQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDRU\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Kleiner-2015-7\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt55\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwDRY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFKleinerKnöblMangold2015\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf; Mangold, Max (2015). <i id=\"mwDRc\">Das Aussprachewörterbuch</i> (7th<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDRg\"> </span>ed.). Duden. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDRk\"> </span>229. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDRo\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDRs\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9783411040674\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9783411040674\" id=\"mwDRw\"><bdi id=\"mwDR0\">9783411040674</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Das+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&amp;rft.pages=229&amp;rft.edition=7th&amp;rft.pub=Duden&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9783411040674&amp;rft.aulast=Kleiner&amp;rft.aufirst=Stefan&amp;rft.au=Kn%C3%B6bl%2C+Ralf&amp;rft.au=Mangold%2C+Max&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwDR4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-9\" id=\"cite_note-9\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDR8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-9\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDSA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDSE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt67\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDSI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 April 2022\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Daten und Fakten zur Hauptstadtregion\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"4 October 2016\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"www.berlin-brandenburg.de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 March 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190321175940/https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt67\" id=\"mwDSM\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDSQ\">\"Daten und Fakten zur Hauptstadtregion\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDSU\">www.berlin-brandenburg.de</i>. 4 October 2016. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190321175940/https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDSY\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDSc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDSg\">13 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.berlin-brandenburg.de&amp;rft.atitle=Daten+und+Fakten+zur+Hauptstadtregion&amp;rft.date=2016-10-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin-brandenburg.de%2Fmetropolregion%2Fdaten-und-fakten%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt67\" id=\"mwDSk\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004-10\" id=\"cite_note-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004-10\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"9\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDSo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004_10-0\" id=\"mwDSs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDSw\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004_10-1\" id=\"mwDS0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDS4\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Verein_für_die_Geschichte_Berlins-2004-10\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt71\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDS8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Niederlagsrecht\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Settlement rights\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"August 2004\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Verein für die Geschichte Berlins\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 November 2015\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151122025717/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 November 2015\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt71\" id=\"mwDTA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151122025717/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDTE\">\"Niederlagsrecht\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDTI\">[</span>Settlement rights<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDTM\">]</span> (in German). Verein für die Geschichte Berlins. August 2004. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDTQ\">the original</a> on 22 November 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDTU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDTY\">21 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Niederlagsrecht&amp;rft.pub=Verein+f%C3%BCr+die+Geschichte+Berlins&amp;rft.date=2004-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diegeschichteberlins.de%2Fgeschichteberlins%2Fberlin-abc%2Fstichwortehn%2F599-niederlagsrecht.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt71\" id=\"mwDTc\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt71\" id=\"mwDTg\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-11\" id=\"cite_note-11\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDTk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-11\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDTo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDTs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt74\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDTw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Topographies of Class: Modern Architecture and Mass Society in Weimar Berlin (Social History, Popular Culture and Politics in Germany)\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"September 2009\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"www.h-net.org\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 October 2009\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 July 2018\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180706161901/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt74\" id=\"mwDT0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDT4\">\"Topographies of Class: Modern Architecture and Mass Society in Weimar Berlin (Social History, Popular Culture and Politics in Germany)\"</a>. www.h-net.org. September 2009. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180706161901/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDT8\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDUA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDUE\">9 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Topographies+of+Class%3A+Modern+Architecture+and+Mass+Society+in+Weimar+Berlin+%28Social+History%2C+Popular+Culture+and+Politics+in+Germany%29&amp;rft.pub=www.h-net.org&amp;rft.date=2009-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2Freviews%2Fshowrev.php%3Fid%3D23505&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt74\" id=\"mwDUI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-12\" id=\"cite_note-12\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDUM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-12\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDUQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDUU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt77\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDUY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Wall\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Encyclopædia Britannica\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 June 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080630080628/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt77\" id=\"mwDUc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDUg\">\"Berlin Wall\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDUk\">Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080630080628/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDUo\">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDUs\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDUw\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+Wall&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F62202%2FBerlin-Wall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt77\" id=\"mwDU0\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"cite_note-13\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDU4\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-13\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDU8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDVA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt80\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDVE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.spiegel.de/international/the-world-from-berlin-the-heart-of-europe-a-456877.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The World from Berlin: The Heart of Europe\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"Der Spiegel\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"28 December 2006\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt80\" id=\"mwDVI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.spiegel.de/international/the-world-from-berlin-the-heart-of-europe-a-456877.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDVM\">\"The World from Berlin: The Heart of Europe\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDVQ\">Der Spiegel</i>. 28 December 2006.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&amp;rft.atitle=The+World+from+Berlin%3A+The+Heart+of+Europe&amp;rft.date=2006-12-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fthe-world-from-berlin-the-heart-of-europe-a-456877.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt80\" id=\"mwDVU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"cite_note-14\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDVY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-14\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDVc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDVg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt83\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDVk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/berlin_2528jsp/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, heart of Europe\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"openDemocracy\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Fred\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Halliday\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"19 May 2005\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFHalliday2005\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt83\">Halliday, Fred (19 May 2005). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/berlin_2528jsp/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDVo\">\"Berlin, heart of Europe\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDVs\">openDemocracy</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%2C+heart+of+Europe&amp;rft.date=2005-05-19&amp;rft.aulast=Halliday&amp;rft.aufirst=Fred&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fberlin_2528jsp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt83\" id=\"mwDVw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"cite_note-15\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDV0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-15\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDV4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDV8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt86\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDWA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Sifton\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Sam\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"31 December 1969\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, the big canvas\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The New York Times\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"limited\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130412012910/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 April 2013\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFSifton1969\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt86\">Sifton, Sam (31 December 1969). <span class=\"id-lock-limited\" title=\"Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required\" id=\"mwDWE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDWI\">\"Berlin, the big canvas\"</a></span>. <i id=\"mwDWM\">The New York Times</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130412012910/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDWQ\">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDWU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDWY\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%2C+the+big+canvas&amp;rft.date=1969-12-31&amp;rft.aulast=Sifton&amp;rft.aufirst=Sam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F22%2Ftravel%2F22iht-22berlin.13882912.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt86\" id=\"mwDWc\"></span> See also: <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt88\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDWg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Sites and situations of leading cities in cultural globalisations/Media\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb146.html#t5\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20091002193341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb146.html#t5\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 October 2009\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"GaWC Research Bulletin 146\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt88\" id=\"mwDWk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20091002193341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb146.html#t5\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDWo\">\"Sites and situations of leading cities in cultural globalisations/Media\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDWs\">GaWC Research Bulletin 146</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb146.html#t5\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDWw\">the original</a> on 2 October 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDW0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDW4\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GaWC+Research+Bulletin+146&amp;rft.atitle=Sites+and+situations+of+leading+cities+in+cultural+globalisations%2FMedia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Frb%2Frb146.html%23t5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt88\" id=\"mwDW8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-16\" id=\"cite_note-16\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDXA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-16\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDXE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDXI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt91\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDXM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite journal \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"4 September 2014\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Beats Rome as Tourist Attraction as Hordes Descend\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Bloomberg L.P.\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"subscription\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140911154443/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 September 2014\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 September 2014\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt91\" id=\"mwDXQ\"><span class=\"id-lock-subscription\" title=\"Paid subscription required\" id=\"mwDXU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDXY\">\"Berlin Beats Rome as Tourist Attraction as Hordes Descend\"</a></span>. <i id=\"mwDXc\">Bloomberg L.P</i>. 4 September 2014. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140911154443/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDXg\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDXk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDXo\">11 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+L.P.&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+Beats+Rome+as+Tourist+Attraction+as+Hordes+Descend&amp;rft.date=2014-09-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2014-09-03%2Fberlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt91\" id=\"mwDXs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-17\" id=\"cite_note-17\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDXw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-17\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDX0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDX4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt94\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDX8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2008\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Hollywood Helps Revive Berlin&apos;s Former Movie Glory\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3549403,00.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080813010550/https://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3549403,00.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 August 2008\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Deutsche Welle\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt94\" id=\"mwDYA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080813010550/https://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3549403,00.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDYE\">\"Hollywood Helps Revive Berlin's Former Movie Glory\"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 9 August 2008. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3549403,00.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDYI\">the original</a> on 13 August 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDYM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDYQ\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hollywood+Helps+Revive+Berlin%27s+Former+Movie+Glory&amp;rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&amp;rft.date=2008-08-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C2144%2C3549403%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt94\" id=\"mwDYU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-UNESCO-18\" id=\"cite_note-UNESCO-18\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"17\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDYY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UNESCO_18-0\" id=\"mwDYc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDYg\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UNESCO_18-1\" id=\"mwDYk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDYo\">2</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UNESCO_18-2\" id=\"mwDYs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDYw\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UNESCO-18\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt97\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDY0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"World Heritage Site Museumsinsel\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[UNESCO]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 May 2021\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 May 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210506100913/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt97\" id=\"mwDY4\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDY8\">\"World Heritage Site Museumsinsel\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNESCO\" title=\"UNESCO\" id=\"mwDZA\">UNESCO</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210506100913/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDZE\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDZI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDZM\">6 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Site+Museumsinsel&amp;rft.pub=UNESCO&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F896&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt97\" id=\"mwDZQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün-19\" id=\"cite_note-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün-19\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"18\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDZU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün_19-0\" id=\"mwDZY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDZc\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün_19-1\" id=\"mwDZg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDZk\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Senatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün-19\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt100\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDZo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"((Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin, Referat Freiraumplanung und Stadtgrün))\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Anteil öffentlicher Grünflächen in Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210225003118/https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 February 2021\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 January 2020\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFSenatsverwaltung_für_Umwelt,_Verkehr_und_Klimaschutz_Berlin,_Referat_Freiraumplanung_und_Stadtgrün\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt100\">Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin, Referat Freiraumplanung und Stadtgrün. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210225003118/https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDZs\">\"Anteil öffentlicher Grünflächen in Berlin\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwDZw\">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDZ0\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwDZ4\">(PDF)</span> on 25 February 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDZ8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDaA\">10 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Anteil+%C3%B6ffentlicher+Gr%C3%BCnfl%C3%A4chen+in+Berlin&amp;rft.au=Senatsverwaltung+f%C3%BCr+Umwelt%2C+Verkehr+und+Klimaschutz+Berlin%2C+Referat+Freiraumplanung+und+Stadtgr%C3%BCn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsenuvk%2Fumwelt%2Fstadtgruen%2Fgruenanlagen%2Fde%2Fdaten_fakten%2Fdownloads%2Fausw_5.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt100\" id=\"mwDaE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-20\" id=\"cite_note-20\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDaI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-20\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDaM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDaQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt108\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDaU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Berger\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Dieter\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Geographische Namen in Deutschland\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Bibliographisches Institut\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1999\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"9783411062522\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFBerger1999\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt108\">Berger, Dieter (1999). <i id=\"mwDaY\">Geographische Namen in Deutschland</i>. Bibliographisches Institut. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDac\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDag\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9783411062522\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9783411062522\" id=\"mwDak\"><bdi id=\"mwDao\">9783411062522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Geographische+Namen+in+Deutschland&amp;rft.pub=Bibliographisches+Institut&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=9783411062522&amp;rft.aulast=Berger&amp;rft.aufirst=Dieter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt108\" id=\"mwDas\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-21\" id=\"cite_note-21\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDaw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-21\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDa0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDa4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt111\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDa8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=-nDMEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=arrowheads+berlin+millennium&amp;pg=PT288\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Centers of Progress: 40 Cities That Changed the World\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-952223-66-2\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Follett\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Chelsea\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"19 September 2023\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Cato Institute\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFFollett2023\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt111\">Follett, Chelsea (19 September 2023). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=-nDMEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=arrowheads+berlin+millennium&amp;pg=PT288\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDbA\"><i id=\"mwDbE\">Centers of Progress: 40 Cities That Changed the World</i></a>. Cato Institute. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDbI\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDbM\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-952223-66-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-952223-66-2\" id=\"mwDbQ\"><bdi id=\"mwDbU\">978-1-952223-66-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Centers+of+Progress%3A+40+Cities+That+Changed+the+World&amp;rft.pub=Cato+Institute&amp;rft.date=2023-09-19&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-952223-66-2&amp;rft.aulast=Follett&amp;rft.aufirst=Chelsea&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-nDMEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Darrowheads%2Bberlin%2Bmillennium%26pg%3DPT288&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt111\" id=\"mwDbY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-22\" id=\"cite_note-22\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDbc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-22\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDbg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDbk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt114\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDbo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://berlintouristinformation.com/berlin-geschichte\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Die Geschichte Berlins: Zeittafel &amp; Fakten\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"11 May 2022\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 December 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 December 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20231202122923/https://berlintouristinformation.com/berlin-geschichte/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwDbs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://berlintouristinformation.com/berlin-geschichte\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDbw\">\"Die Geschichte Berlins: Zeittafel &amp; Fakten\"</a>. 11 May 2022. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20231202122923/https://berlintouristinformation.com/berlin-geschichte/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDb0\">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDb4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDb8\">9 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Die+Geschichte+Berlins%3A+Zeittafel+%26+Fakten&amp;rft.date=2022-05-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberlintouristinformation.com%2Fberlin-geschichte&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwDcA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-23\" id=\"cite_note-23\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDcE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-23\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDcI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDcM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt117\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDcQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080612020333/https://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 June 2008\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Zitadelle Spandau\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2002\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt117\" id=\"mwDcU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080612020333/https://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDcY\">\"Zitadelle Spandau\"</a>. BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG. 2002. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDcc\">the original</a> on 12 June 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDcg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDck\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zitadelle+Spandau&amp;rft.pub=BerlinOnline+Stadtportal+GmbH+%26+Co.+KG&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Ftourismus%2Fsehenswuerdigkeiten.en%2F00175.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt117\" id=\"mwDco\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-24\" id=\"cite_note-24\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDcs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-24\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDcw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDc0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt120\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDc4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-medieval-trading-center/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The medieval trading center\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 June 2013\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG.\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"31 July 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160731190906/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-medieval-trading-center/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt120\" id=\"mwDc8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-medieval-trading-center/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDdA\">\"The medieval trading center\"</a>. BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160731190906/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-medieval-trading-center/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDdE\">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDdI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDdM\">11 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+medieval+trading+center&amp;rft.pub=BerlinOnline+Stadtportal+GmbH+%26+Co.+KG.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fberlin-im-ueberblick%2Fen%2Fhistory%2Fthe-medieval-trading-center%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt120\" id=\"mwDdQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Stöver_B-25\" id=\"cite_note-Stöver_B-25\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"24\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDdU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Stöver_B_25-0\" id=\"mwDdY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDdc\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Stöver_B_25-1\" id=\"mwDdg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDdk\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Stöver_B-25\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Stöver B. <i id=\"mwDdo\">Geschichte Berlins</i> Verlag CH Beck 2010 <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt124\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDds\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ISBN\",\"href\":\"./Template:ISBN\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"9783406600678\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" about=\"#mwt124\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDdw\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt124\" id=\"mwDd0\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9783406600678\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9783406600678\" about=\"#mwt124\" id=\"mwDd4\"><bdi id=\"mwDd8\">9783406600678</bdi></a></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-26\" id=\"cite_note-26\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDeA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-26\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDeE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDeI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt128\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDeM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Unwillen\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin unwillingness\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Verein für die Geschichte Berlins e.&amp;nbsp;V.\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Gerhild H. M.\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Komander\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"November 2004\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 May 2013\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 September 2013\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130919215632/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFKomander2004\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt128\">Komander, Gerhild H. M. (November 2004). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDeQ\">\"Berliner Unwillen\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDeU\">[</span>Berlin unwillingness<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDeY\">]</span> (in German). Verein für die Geschichte Berlins e.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDec\"> </span>V. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130919215632/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDeg\">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDek\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDeo\">30 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berliner+Unwillen&amp;rft.pub=Verein+f%C3%BCr+die+Geschichte+Berlins+e.+V.&amp;rft.date=2004-11&amp;rft.aulast=Komander&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhild+H.+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diegeschichteberlins.de%2Fgeschichteberlins%2Fberlinabc%2Fstichworteag%2F555-berliner-unwillen.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt128\" id=\"mwDes\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt128\" id=\"mwDew\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-27\" id=\"cite_note-27\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDe0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-27\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDe4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDe8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt131\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDfA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-electors-residence/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The electors&apos; residence\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 June 2013\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 April 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170421214734/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-electors-residence/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt131\" id=\"mwDfE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-electors-residence/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDfI\">\"The electors' residence\"</a>. BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170421214734/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-electors-residence/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDfM\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDfQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDfU\">11 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+electors%27+residence&amp;rft.pub=BerlinOnline+Stadtportal+GmbH+%26+Co.+KG&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fberlin-im-ueberblick%2Fen%2Fhistory%2Fthe-electors-residence%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt131\" id=\"mwDfY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-28\" id=\"cite_note-28\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDfc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-28\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDfg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDfk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt134\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDfo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Cathedral\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060818100934/https://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2006\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"SMPProtein\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt134\" id=\"mwDfs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060818100934/https://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDfw\">\"Berlin Cathedral\"</a>. SMPProtein. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDf0\">the original</a> on 18 August 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDf4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDf8\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Cathedral&amp;rft.pub=SMPProtein&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smp-protein.de%2FSMPConference%2Fberlin.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt134\" id=\"mwDgA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-29\" id=\"cite_note-29\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDgE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-29\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDgI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDgM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-29\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt137\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDgQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Brandenburg during the 30 Years War\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"World History at KMLA\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 September 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080928213849/https://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt137\" id=\"mwDgU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDgY\">\"Brandenburg during the 30 Years War\"</a>. World History at KMLA. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080928213849/https://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDgc\">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDgg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDgk\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Brandenburg+during+the+30+Years+War&amp;rft.pub=World+History+at+KMLA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zum.de%2Fwhkmla%2Fregion%2Fgermany%2Fbra30.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt137\" id=\"mwDgo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-30\" id=\"cite_note-30\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDgs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-30\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDgw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDg0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-30\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt140\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDg4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Thomas\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Carlyle\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Fraser&apos;s Magazine\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.org/details/frasersmagazine03carlgoog\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1853\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"J. Fraser\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"[https://archive.org/details/frasersmagazine03carlgoog/page/n71 63]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 February 2016\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFCarlyle1853\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt140\">Carlyle, Thomas (1853). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/frasersmagazine03carlgoog\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDg8\"><i id=\"mwDhA\">Fraser's Magazine</i></a>. J. Fraser. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDhE\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/frasersmagazine03carlgoog/page/n71\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDhI\">63</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDhM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDhQ\">11 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fraser%27s+Magazine&amp;rft.pages=63&amp;rft.pub=J.+Fraser&amp;rft.date=1853&amp;rft.aulast=Carlyle&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrasersmagazine03carlgoog&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt140\" id=\"mwDhU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-31\" id=\"cite_note-31\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDhY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-31\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDhc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDhg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt143\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDhk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"W. Gunther\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Plaut\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Asylum: A Moral Dilemma\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&amp;pg=PA42\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1 January 1995\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Greenwood Publishing Group\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-275-95196-2\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"42\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214210/https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&amp;pg=PA42\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFPlaut1995\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt143\">Plaut, W. Gunther (1 January 1995). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&amp;pg=PA42\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDho\"><i id=\"mwDhs\">Asylum: A Moral Dilemma</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDhw\"> </span>42. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDh0\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDh4\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95196-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95196-2\" id=\"mwDh8\"><bdi id=\"mwDiA\">978-0-275-95196-2</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214210/https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&amp;pg=PA42\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDiE\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDiI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDiM\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Asylum%3A+A+Moral+Dilemma&amp;rft.pages=42&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=1995-01-01&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-95196-2&amp;rft.aulast=Plaut&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+Gunther&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoirvylPVAhAC%26pg%3DPA42&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt143\" id=\"mwDiQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-32\" id=\"cite_note-32\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDiU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-32\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDiY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDic\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt146\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDig\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Jeremy\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Gray\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Germany\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&amp;pg=PA49\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2007\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Lonely Planet\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-74059-988-7\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"49\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915225030/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&amp;pg=PA49\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFGray2007\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt146\">Gray, Jeremy (2007). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&amp;pg=PA49\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDik\"><i id=\"mwDio\">Germany</i></a>. Lonely Planet. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDis\"> </span>49. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDiw\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDi0\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-988-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-988-7\" id=\"mwDi4\"><bdi id=\"mwDi8\">978-1-74059-988-7</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915225030/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&amp;pg=PA49\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDjA\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDjE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDjI\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Germany&amp;rft.pages=49&amp;rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-74059-988-7&amp;rft.aulast=Gray&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ5t5mZE_s5YC%26pg%3DPA49&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt146\" id=\"mwDjM\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-33\" id=\"cite_note-33\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDjQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-33\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDjU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDjY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt149\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDjc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Roman Adrian\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Cybriwsky\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"23 May 2013\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"ABC-CLIO\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-61069-248-9\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"48\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915232139/https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFCybriwsky2013\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt149\">Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (23 May 2013). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDjg\"><i id=\"mwDjk\">Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDjo\"> </span>48. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDjs\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDjw\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-248-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-248-9\" id=\"mwDj0\"><bdi id=\"mwDj4\">978-1-61069-248-9</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915232139/https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDj8\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDkA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDkE\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Capital+Cities+around+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Geography%2C+History%2C+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Geography%2C+History%2C+and+Culture&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2013-05-23&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61069-248-9&amp;rft.aulast=Cybriwsky&amp;rft.aufirst=Roman+Adrian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqb6NAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA48&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt149\" id=\"mwDkI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-34\" id=\"cite_note-34\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDkM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-34\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDkQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDkU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-34\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Horlemann, Bernd (Hrsg.), Mende, Hans-Jürgen (Hrsg.): Berlin 1994. Taschenkalender. Edition Luisenstadt Berlin, Nr. 01280.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-35\" id=\"cite_note-35\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDkY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-35\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDkc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDkg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-35\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt154\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDkk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Gregorio F.\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Zaide\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"World History\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&amp;pg=PA273\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1965\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Rex Bookstore, Inc.\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-971-23-1472-8\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"273\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200510/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&amp;pg=PA273\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFZaide1965\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt154\">Zaide, Gregorio F. (1965). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&amp;pg=PA273\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDko\"><i id=\"mwDks\">World History</i></a>. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDkw\"> </span>273. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDk0\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDk4\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-971-23-1472-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-971-23-1472-8\" id=\"mwDk8\"><bdi id=\"mwDlA\">978-971-23-1472-8</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200510/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&amp;pg=PA273\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDlE\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDlI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDlM\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+History&amp;rft.pages=273&amp;rft.pub=Rex+Bookstore%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft.isbn=978-971-23-1472-8&amp;rft.aulast=Zaide&amp;rft.aufirst=Gregorio+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKq512SmGMIsC%26pg%3DPA273&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt154\" id=\"mwDlQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-36\" id=\"cite_note-36\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDlU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-36\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDlY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDlc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-36\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt157\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDlg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Marvin\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Perry\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Myrna\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Chase\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"James\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Jacob\"},\"first4\":{\"wt\":\"Margaret\"},\"last4\":{\"wt\":\"Jacob\"},\"first5\":{\"wt\":\"Theodore\"},\"last5\":{\"wt\":\"Von Laue\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA444\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1 January 2012\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Cengage Learning\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-133-70864-3\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"444\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174457/https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA444\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFPerryChaseJacobJacob2012\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt157\">Perry, Marvin; Chase, Myrna; Jacob, James; Jacob, Margaret; Von Laue, Theodore (1 January 2012). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA444\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDlk\"><i id=\"mwDlo\">Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDls\"> </span>444. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDlw\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDl0\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-133-70864-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-133-70864-3\" id=\"mwDl4\"><bdi id=\"mwDl8\">978-1-133-70864-3</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174457/https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA444\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDmA\">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDmE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDmI\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Western+Civilization%3A+Ideas%2C+Politics%2C+and+Society&amp;rft.pages=444&amp;rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&amp;rft.date=2012-01-01&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-133-70864-3&amp;rft.aulast=Perry&amp;rft.aufirst=Marvin&amp;rft.au=Chase%2C+Myrna&amp;rft.au=Jacob%2C+James&amp;rft.au=Jacob%2C+Margaret&amp;rft.au=Von+Laue%2C+Theodore&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYYIJAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA444&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt157\" id=\"mwDmM\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-37\" id=\"cite_note-37\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDmQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-37\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDmU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDmY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-37\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt160\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDmc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Peter B.\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Lewis\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Arthur Schopenhauer\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&amp;pg=PA57\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"15 February 2013\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Reaktion Books\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-78023-069-6\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"57\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174348/https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&amp;pg=PA57\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFLewis2013\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt160\">Lewis, Peter B. (15 February 2013). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&amp;pg=PA57\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDmg\"><i id=\"mwDmk\">Arthur Schopenhauer</i></a>. Reaktion Books. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDmo\"> </span>57. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDms\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDmw\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-069-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-069-6\" id=\"mwDm0\"><bdi id=\"mwDm4\">978-1-78023-069-6</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174348/https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&amp;pg=PA57\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDm8\">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDnA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDnE\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arthur+Schopenhauer&amp;rft.pages=57&amp;rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&amp;rft.date=2013-02-15&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-78023-069-6&amp;rft.aulast=Lewis&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6TBXX9KVtzsC%26pg%3DPA57&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt160\" id=\"mwDnI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-38\" id=\"cite_note-38\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDnM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-38\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDnQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDnU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-38\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt163\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDnY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"Harvard Student Agencies Inc. Staff\"},\"author2\":{\"wt\":\"Harvard Student Agencies, Inc.\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Let&apos;s Go Berlin, Prague &amp; Budapest: The Student Travel Guide\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&amp;pg=PA83\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"28 December 2010\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Avalon Travel\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-59880-914-5\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"83\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150914181704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&amp;pg=PA83\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFHarvard_Student_Agencies_Inc._StaffHarvard_Student_Agencies,_Inc.2010\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt163\">Harvard Student Agencies Inc. Staff; Harvard Student Agencies, Inc. (28 December 2010). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&amp;pg=PA83\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDnc\"><i id=\"mwDng\">Let's Go Berlin, Prague &amp; Budapest: The Student Travel Guide</i></a>. Avalon Travel. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDnk\"> </span>83. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDno\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDns\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-59880-914-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-59880-914-5\" id=\"mwDnw\"><bdi id=\"mwDn0\">978-1-59880-914-5</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150914181704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&amp;pg=PA83\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDn4\">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDn8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDoA\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Let%27s+Go+Berlin%2C+Prague+%26+Budapest%3A+The+Student+Travel+Guide&amp;rft.pages=83&amp;rft.pub=Avalon+Travel&amp;rft.date=2010-12-28&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-59880-914-5&amp;rft.au=Harvard+Student+Agencies+Inc.+Staff&amp;rft.au=Harvard+Student+Agencies%2C+Inc.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNj0YqD4ntvIC%26pg%3DPA83&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt163\" id=\"mwDoE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-39\" id=\"cite_note-39\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDoI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-39\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDoM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDoQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-39\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt166\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDoU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Andrea Schulte-Peevers\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Lonel Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&amp;pg=PA25\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2010\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Lonely Planet\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-74220-407-9\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"25\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214354/https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&amp;pg=PA25\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFAndrea_Schulte-Peevers2010\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt166\">Andrea Schulte-Peevers (15 September 2010). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&amp;pg=PA25\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDoY\"><i id=\"mwDoc\">Lonel Berlin</i></a>. Lonely Planet. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDog\"> </span>25. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDok\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDoo\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-74220-407-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-74220-407-9\" id=\"mwDos\"><bdi id=\"mwDow\">978-1-74220-407-9</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214354/https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&amp;pg=PA25\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDo0\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDo4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDo8\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lonel+Berlin&amp;rft.pages=25&amp;rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&amp;rft.date=2010-09-15&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-74220-407-9&amp;rft.au=Andrea+Schulte-Peevers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDKlXQS6c3p0C%26pg%3DPA25&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt166\" id=\"mwDpA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-40\" id=\"cite_note-40\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDpE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-40\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDpI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDpM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-40\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt169\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDpQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Bernd\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Stöver\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin: A Short History\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2 October 2013\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"C.H.Beck\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-3-406-65633-0\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"20\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200615/https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFStöver2013\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt169\">Stöver, Bernd (2 October 2013). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDpU\"><i id=\"mwDpY\">Berlin: A Short History</i></a>. C.H.Beck. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDpc\"> </span>20. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDpg\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDpk\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-3-406-65633-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-3-406-65633-0\" id=\"mwDpo\"><bdi id=\"mwDps\">978-3-406-65633-0</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200615/https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDpw\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDp0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDp4\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%3A+A+Short+History&amp;rft.pages=20&amp;rft.pub=C.H.Beck&amp;rft.date=2013-10-02&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-406-65633-0&amp;rft.aulast=St%C3%B6ver&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernd&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLVA8AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT20&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt169\" id=\"mwDp8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-41\" id=\"cite_note-41\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDqA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-41\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDqE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDqI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-41\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt172\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDqM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"W. Paul\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Strassmann\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793–1993)\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA26\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"15 June 2008\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berghahn Books\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-84545-416-6\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"26\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910121944/https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA26\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFStrassmann2008\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt172\">Strassmann, W. Paul (15 June 2008). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA26\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDqQ\"><i id=\"mwDqU\">The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793–1993)</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDqY\"> </span>26. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDqc\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDqg\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-416-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-416-6\" id=\"mwDqk\"><bdi id=\"mwDqo\">978-1-84545-416-6</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910121944/https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA26\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDqs\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDqw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDq0\">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Strassmanns%3A+Science%2C+Politics+and+Migration+in+Turbulent+Times+%281793%E2%80%931993%29&amp;rft.pages=26&amp;rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&amp;rft.date=2008-06-15&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84545-416-6&amp;rft.aulast=Strassmann&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+Paul&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5cCuBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt172\" id=\"mwDq4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-42\" id=\"cite_note-42\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDq8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-42\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDrA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDrE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-42\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt177\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDrI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"Jack Holland\"},\"author2\":{\"wt\":\"John Gawthrop\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Rough Guide to Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoberl00holl\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"registration\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2001\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Rough Guides\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-85828-682-2\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"[https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoberl00holl/page/361 361]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFJack_HollandJohn_Gawthrop2001\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt177\">Jack Holland; John Gawthrop (2001). <span class=\"id-lock-registration\" title=\"Free registration required\" id=\"mwDrM\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoberl00holl\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDrQ\"><i id=\"mwDrU\">The Rough Guide to Berlin</i></a></span>. Rough Guides. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDrY\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoberl00holl/page/361\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDrc\">361</a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDrg\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDrk\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-682-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-682-2\" id=\"mwDro\"><bdi id=\"mwDrs\">978-1-85828-682-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Berlin&amp;rft.pages=361&amp;rft.pub=Rough+Guides&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85828-682-2&amp;rft.au=Jack+Holland&amp;rft.au=John+Gawthrop&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetoberl00holl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt177\" id=\"mwDrw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-43\" id=\"cite_note-43\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDr0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-43\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDr4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDr8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-43\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt181\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDsA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356/\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Francis\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Matthew\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"How Albert Einstein Used His Fame to Denounce American Racism\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"3 March 2017\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Smithsonian Magazine\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"5 September 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 February 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210211150143/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFFrancis2017\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt181\">Francis, Matthew (3 March 2017). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDsE\">\"How Albert Einstein Used His Fame to Denounce American Racism\"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210211150143/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDsI\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDsM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDsQ\">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+Albert+Einstein+Used+His+Fame+to+Denounce+American+Racism&amp;rft.pub=Smithsonian+Magazine&amp;rft.date=2017-03-03&amp;rft.aulast=Francis&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fscience-nature%2Fhow-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt181\" id=\"mwDsU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-44\" id=\"cite_note-44\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDsY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-44\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDsc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDsg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-44\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt184\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDsk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Nobel Prize\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"5 September 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 July 2018\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180703190346/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt184\" id=\"mwDso\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDss\">\"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921\"</a>. Nobel Prize. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180703190346/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDsw\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDs0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDs4\">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1921&amp;rft.pub=Nobel+Prize&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1921%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt184\" id=\"mwDs8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-donath-45\" id=\"cite_note-donath-45\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"44\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDtA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-donath_45-0\" id=\"mwDtE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDtI\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-donath_45-1\" id=\"mwDtM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDtQ\">2</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-donath_45-2\" id=\"mwDtU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDtY\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-donath-45\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt187\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDtc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Donath\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Matthias\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Architecture in Berlin 1933–1945: A Guide Through Nazi Berlin\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2006\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Lukas Verlag\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Germany\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"9783936872934\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"7–10\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFDonath2006\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt187\">Donath, Matthias (2006). <i id=\"mwDtg\">Architecture in Berlin 1933–1945: A Guide Through Nazi Berlin</i>. Germany: Lukas Verlag. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDtk\"> </span><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDto\">7–</span>10. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDts\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDtw\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9783936872934\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9783936872934\" id=\"mwDt0\"><bdi id=\"mwDt4\">9783936872934</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Architecture+in+Berlin+1933%E2%80%931945%3A+A+Guide+Through+Nazi+Berlin&amp;rft.place=Germany&amp;rft.pages=7-10&amp;rft.pub=Lukas+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9783936872934&amp;rft.aulast=Donath&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthias&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt187\" id=\"mwDt8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-46\" id=\"cite_note-46\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDuA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-46\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDuE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDuI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-46\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v1sum.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDuM\">1936 Summer Olympics official report.</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080625173406/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v1sum.pdf\" about=\"#mwt192\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDuQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Webarchive\",\"href\":\"./Template:Webarchive\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080625173406/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v1sum.pdf\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"25 June 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Archived</a><span about=\"#mwt192\" id=\"mwDuU\"> 25 June 2008 at the </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" about=\"#mwt192\" id=\"mwDuY\">Wayback Machine</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" about=\"#mwt192\" id=\"mwDuc\"/> Volume 1. pp. 141–9, 154–62. Accessed 17 October 2010.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-47\" id=\"cite_note-47\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDug\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-47\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDuk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDuo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-47\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt194\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDus\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Jewish Community of Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Holocaust Encyclopedia\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 November 2018\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 July 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170708152027/https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt194\" id=\"mwDuw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDu0\">\"The Jewish Community of Berlin\"</a>. Holocaust Encyclopedia. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170708152027/https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDu4\">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDu8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDvA\">10 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Community+of+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10005450&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt194\" id=\"mwDvE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-48\" id=\"cite_note-48\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDvI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-48\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDvM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDvQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-48\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt197\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDvU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Megargee\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Geoffrey P.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2009\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"1268–1291\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-253-35328-3\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFMegargee2009\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt197\">Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). <i id=\"mwDvY\">The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDvc\"> </span><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDvg\">1268–</span>1291. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDvk\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDvo\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3\" id=\"mwDvs\"><bdi id=\"mwDvw\">978-0-253-35328-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+I&amp;rft.pages=1268-1291&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-35328-3&amp;rft.aulast=Megargee&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt197\" id=\"mwDv0\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-49\" id=\"cite_note-49\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDv4\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-49\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDv8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDwA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-49\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt200\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDwE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&amp;tab=7&amp;id=416\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Lager für Sinti und Roma in Berlin-Marzahn\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Bundesarchiv.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"31 March 2024\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"31 March 2024\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240331102414/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&amp;tab=7&amp;id=416\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt200\" id=\"mwDwI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&amp;tab=7&amp;id=416\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDwM\">\"Lager für Sinti und Roma in Berlin-Marzahn\"</a>. <i id=\"mwDwQ\">Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240331102414/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&amp;tab=7&amp;id=416\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDwU\">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDwY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDwc\">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&amp;rft.atitle=Lager+f%C3%BCr+Sinti+und+Roma+in+Berlin-Marzahn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D416&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt200\" id=\"mwDwg\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt200\" id=\"mwDwk\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-50\" id=\"cite_note-50\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDwo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-50\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDws\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDww\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-50\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt204\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDw0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\"./Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"Micheal Clodfelter\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Warfare and Armed Conflicts- A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000\"},\"edition\":{\"wt\":\"2nd\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"McFarland &amp; Company\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2002\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"9780786412044\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFMicheal_Clodfelter2002\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt204\">Micheal Clodfelter (2002), <i id=\"mwDw4\">Warfare and Armed Conflicts- A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000</i> (2nd<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDw8\"> </span>ed.), McFarland &amp; Company, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDxA\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDxE\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9780786412044\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9780786412044\" id=\"mwDxI\"><bdi id=\"mwDxM\">9780786412044</bdi></a></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts-+A+Statistical+Reference+to+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1500%E2%80%932000&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=9780786412044&amp;rft.au=Micheal+Clodfelter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt204\" id=\"mwDxQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-51\" id=\"cite_note-51\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDxU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-51\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDxY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDxc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-51\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt207\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDxg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin – auf dem Weg zur geteilten Stadt\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin – on the way to a divided city\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"27 April 2005\"},\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Benz\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 November 2018\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 November 2018\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120432/https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFProf._Dr._Wolfgang_Benz2005\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt207\">Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Benz (27 April 2005). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDxk\">\"Berlin – auf dem Weg zur geteilten Stadt\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDxo\">[</span>Berlin – on the way to a divided city<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwDxs\">]</span> (in German). Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120432/https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDxw\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDx0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDx4\">10 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+%E2%80%93+auf+dem+Weg+zur+geteilten+Stadt&amp;rft.pub=Bundeszentrale+f%C3%BCr+politische+Bildung&amp;rft.date=2005-04-27&amp;rft.au=Prof.+Dr.+Wolfgang+Benz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpb.de%2Fgeschichte%2Fnationalsozialismus%2Fdossier-nationalsozialismus%2F39619%2Fdas-geteilte-berlin%3Fp%3Dall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt207\" id=\"mwDx8\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt207\" id=\"mwDyA\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-52\" id=\"cite_note-52\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDyE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-52\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDyI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDyM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-52\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt212\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDyQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Airlift / Blockade\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Western Allies Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 March 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150318232831/https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt212\" id=\"mwDyU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDyY\">\"Berlin Airlift / Blockade\"</a>. Western Allies Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150318232831/https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDyc\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDyg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDyk\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Airlift+%2F+Blockade&amp;rft.pub=Western+Allies+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.western-allies-berlin.com%2Fhistoric-events%2Fdetail%2Fairlift-blockade&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt212\" id=\"mwDyo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-53\" id=\"cite_note-53\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDys\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-53\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDyw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDy0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-53\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt215\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDy4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin after 1945\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG.\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 April 2009\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 April 2009\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090412221115/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt215\" id=\"mwDy8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDzA\">\"Berlin after 1945\"</a>. BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH &amp; Co. KG. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090412221115/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwDzE\">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwDzI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwDzM\">8 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+after+1945&amp;rft.pub=BerlinOnline+Stadtportal+GmbH+%26+Co.+KG.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fberlin-im-ueberblick%2Fgeschichte%2F1945.en.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt215\" id=\"mwDzQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-54\" id=\"cite_note-54\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDzU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-54\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwDzY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwDzc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-54\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Andreas_Daum\" title=\"Andreas Daum\" id=\"mwDzg\">Andreas Daum</a>, <i id=\"mwDzk\">Kennedy in Berlin</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt218\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDzo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ISBN\",\"href\":\"./Template:ISBN\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-521-85824-3\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" about=\"#mwt218\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwDzs\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt218\" id=\"mwDzw\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85824-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85824-3\" about=\"#mwt218\" id=\"mwDz0\"><bdi id=\"mwDz4\">978-0-521-85824-3</bdi></a>, pp. 125‒56, 223‒26.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-55\" id=\"cite_note-55\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwDz8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-55\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD0A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD0E\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-55\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt221\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD0I\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Ostpolitik: The Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1996\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 February 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042306/https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt221\" id=\"mwD0M\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD0Q\">\"Ostpolitik: The Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971\"</a>. U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany. 1996. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042306/https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD0U\">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD0Y\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD0c\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ostpolitik%3A+The+Quadripartite+Agreement+of+September+3%2C+1971&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Diplomatic+Mission+to+Germany&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.usembassy.de%2Fetexts%2Fga5-710903.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt221\" id=\"mwD0g\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-56\" id=\"cite_note-56\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"55\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD0k\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-56\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD0o\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD0s\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-56\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwD0w\">Berlin ‒ Washington, 1800‒2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities</i>, ed. Andreas Daum and Christof Mauch. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006, 23‒27.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-57\" id=\"cite_note-57\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"56\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD00\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-57\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD04\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD08\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-57\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt225\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD1A\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"AGI\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://americangerman.institute/by-author/walter-momper/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"AGI\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 August 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230821065849/https://americangerman.institute/by-author/walter-momper/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt225\" id=\"mwD1E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://americangerman.institute/by-author/walter-momper/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD1I\">\"AGI\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD1M\">AGI</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230821065849/https://americangerman.institute/by-author/walter-momper/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD1Q\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD1U\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD1Y\">21 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AGI&amp;rft.atitle=AGI&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericangerman.institute%2Fby-author%2Fwalter-momper%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt225\" id=\"mwD1c\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-58\" id=\"cite_note-58\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD1g\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-58\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD1k\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD1o\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-58\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt228\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD1s\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/01/world/berlin-mayoral-contest-has-many-uncertainties.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Mayoral Contest Has Many Uncertainties\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"[[The New York Times]]\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1 December 1990\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 June 2019\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 June 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190617212414/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/01/world/berlin-mayoral-contest-has-many-uncertainties.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt228\" id=\"mwD1w\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/01/world/berlin-mayoral-contest-has-many-uncertainties.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD10\">\"Berlin Mayoral Contest Has Many Uncertainties\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD14\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_New_York_Times\" title=\"The New York Times\" id=\"mwD18\">The New York Times</a></i>. 1 December 1990. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190617212414/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/01/world/berlin-mayoral-contest-has-many-uncertainties.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD2A\">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD2E\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD2I\">17 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+Mayoral+Contest+Has+Many+Uncertainties&amp;rft.date=1990-12-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F12%2F01%2Fworld%2Fberlin-mayoral-contest-has-many-uncertainties.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt228\" id=\"mwD2M\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-59\" id=\"cite_note-59\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD2Q\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-59\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD2U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD2Y\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-59\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt233\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD2c\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Kinzer\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Stephan\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Allied Soldiers March to Say Farewell to Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/world/allied-soldiers-march-to-say-farewell-to-berlin.html\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"[[The New York Times]]\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"New York City\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"19 June 1994\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 November 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 November 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151121133602/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/world/allied-soldiers-march-to-say-farewell-to-berlin.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFKinzer1994\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt233\">Kinzer, Stephan (19 June 1994). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/world/allied-soldiers-march-to-say-farewell-to-berlin.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD2g\">\"Allied Soldiers March to Say Farewell to Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD2k\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_New_York_Times\" title=\"The New York Times\" id=\"mwD2o\">The New York Times</a></i>. New York City. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151121133602/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/world/allied-soldiers-march-to-say-farewell-to-berlin.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD2s\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD2w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD20\">20 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Allied+Soldiers+March+to+Say+Farewell+to+Berlin&amp;rft.date=1994-06-19&amp;rft.aulast=Kinzer&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F06%2F19%2Fworld%2Fallied-soldiers-march-to-say-farewell-to-berlin.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt233\" id=\"mwD24\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-60\" id=\"cite_note-60\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD28\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-60\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD3A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD3E\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-60\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt236\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD3I\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"When Did Germany&apos;s Capital Move to Berlin?\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.thoughtco.com/germany-capital-from-bonn-to-berlin-1434930\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"ThoughtCo\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 August 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225020/https://www.thoughtco.com/germany-capital-from-bonn-to-berlin-1434930\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt236\" id=\"mwD3M\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.thoughtco.com/germany-capital-from-bonn-to-berlin-1434930\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD3Q\">\"When Did Germany's Capital Move to Berlin?\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD3U\">ThoughtCo</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225020/https://www.thoughtco.com/germany-capital-from-bonn-to-berlin-1434930\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD3Y\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD3c\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD3g\">9 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&amp;rft.atitle=When+Did+Germany%27s+Capital+Move+to+Berlin%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fgermany-capital-from-bonn-to-berlin-1434930&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt236\" id=\"mwD3k\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-61\" id=\"cite_note-61\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"60\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD3o\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-61\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD3s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD3w\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-61\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt239\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD30\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bezirke or Boroughs, Berlin, Germany, 2001 – Digital Maps and Geospatial Data {{!}} Princeton University\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://maps.princeton.edu/catalog/tufts-berlin-bezirke-boroughs01\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"maps.princeton.edu\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 August 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230821070030/https://maps.princeton.edu/catalog/tufts-berlin-bezirke-boroughs01\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt239\" id=\"mwD34\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://maps.princeton.edu/catalog/tufts-berlin-bezirke-boroughs01\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD38\">\"Bezirke or Boroughs, Berlin, Germany, 2001 – Digital Maps and Geospatial Data | Princeton University\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD4A\">maps.princeton.edu</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230821070030/https://maps.princeton.edu/catalog/tufts-berlin-bezirke-boroughs01\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD4E\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD4I\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD4M\">21 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=maps.princeton.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Bezirke+or+Boroughs%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany%2C+2001+%E2%80%93+Digital+Maps+and+Geospatial+Data+%7C+Princeton+University&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.princeton.edu%2Fcatalog%2Ftufts-berlin-bezirke-boroughs01&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt239\" id=\"mwD4Q\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-62\" id=\"cite_note-62\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD4U\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-62\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD4Y\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD4c\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-62\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt243\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD4g\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Potsdamer Platz – Panorama Point Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://panoramapunkt.de/en/potsdamer-platz-en/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Panoramapunkt Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt243\" id=\"mwD4k\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://panoramapunkt.de/en/potsdamer-platz-en/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD4o\">\"Potsdamer Platz – Panorama Point Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD4s\">Panoramapunkt Berlin</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Panoramapunkt+Berlin&amp;rft.atitle=Potsdamer+Platz+%E2%80%93+Panorama+Point+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpanoramapunkt.de%2Fen%2Fpotsdamer-platz-en%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt243\" id=\"mwD4w\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-63\" id=\"cite_note-63\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"62\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD40\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-63\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD44\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD48\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-63\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt246\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD5A\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Completed Humboldt Forum opens in Berlin – DW – 09/16/2022\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dw.com/en/completed-humboldt-forum-opens-in-berlin/a-63146991\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"dw.com\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt246\" id=\"mwD5E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/completed-humboldt-forum-opens-in-berlin/a-63146991\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD5I\">\"Completed Humboldt Forum opens in Berlin – DW – 09/16/2022\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD5M\">dw.com</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=dw.com&amp;rft.atitle=Completed+Humboldt+Forum+opens+in+Berlin+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+09%2F16%2F2022&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fcompleted-humboldt-forum-opens-in-berlin%2Fa-63146991&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt246\" id=\"mwD5Q\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-64\" id=\"cite_note-64\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"63\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD5U\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-64\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD5Y\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD5c\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-64\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt249\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD5g\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Tempelhof Airport\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.europeremembers.com/pois/247/tempelhof-airport\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"www.europeremembers.com\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt249\" id=\"mwD5k\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.europeremembers.com/pois/247/tempelhof-airport\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD5o\">\"Tempelhof Airport\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD5s\">www.europeremembers.com</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.europeremembers.com&amp;rft.atitle=Tempelhof+Airport&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeremembers.com%2Fpois%2F247%2Ftempelhof-airport&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt249\" id=\"mwD5w\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-65\" id=\"cite_note-65\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"64\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD50\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-65\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD54\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD58\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-65\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt252\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD6A\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s New Train Station Opens After Knifeman&apos;s Rampage – DW – 05/28/2006\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-new-train-station-opens-after-knifemans-rampage/a-2034303\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"dw.com\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt252\" id=\"mwD6E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-new-train-station-opens-after-knifemans-rampage/a-2034303\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD6I\">\"Berlin's New Train Station Opens After Knifeman's Rampage – DW – 05/28/2006\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD6M\">dw.com</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=dw.com&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%27s+New+Train+Station+Opens+After+Knifeman%27s+Rampage+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+05%2F28%2F2006&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlins-new-train-station-opens-after-knifemans-rampage%2Fa-2034303&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt252\" id=\"mwD6Q\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-66\" id=\"cite_note-66\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"65\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD6U\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-66\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD6Y\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD6c\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-66\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt255\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD6g\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"On 31 October 2020 Berlin Brandenburg Airport opened\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/ber-opens-1806626\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Website of the Federal Government {{!}} Bundesregierung\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"30 October 2020\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt255\" id=\"mwD6k\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/ber-opens-1806626\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD6o\">\"On 31 October 2020 Berlin Brandenburg Airport opened\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD6s\">Website of the Federal Government | Bundesregierung</i>. 30 October 2020.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Website+of+the+Federal+Government+%7C+Bundesregierung&amp;rft.atitle=On+31+October+2020+Berlin+Brandenburg+Airport+opened&amp;rft.date=2020-10-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesregierung.de%2Fbreg-en%2Fservice%2Farchive%2Fber-opens-1806626&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt255\" id=\"mwD6w\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-67\" id=\"cite_note-67\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD60\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-67\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD64\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD68\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-67\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt258\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD7A\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Zidane off as Italy win World Cup\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"9 July 2006\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 September 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170906192236/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt258\" id=\"mwD7E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD7I\">\"Zidane off as Italy win World Cup\"</a>. 9 July 2006. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170906192236/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD7M\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD7Q\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD7U\">8 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Zidane+off+as+Italy+win+World+Cup&amp;rft.date=2006-07-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Fworld_cup_2006%2F4991652.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt258\" id=\"mwD7Y\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-68\" id=\"cite_note-68\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"67\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD7c\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-68\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD7g\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD7k\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-68\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt263\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD7o\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=52.5333,13.38000&amp;spn=0.060339,0.085316&amp;t=k\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Satellite Image Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Google Maps\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 February 2022\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131221/https://www.google.com/maps?ll=52.5333,13.38000&amp;spn=0.060339,0.085316&amp;t=k\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt263\" id=\"mwD7s\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=52.5333,13.38000&amp;spn=0.060339,0.085316&amp;t=k\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD7w\">\"Satellite Image Berlin\"</a>. Google Maps. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131221/https://www.google.com/maps?ll=52.5333,13.38000&amp;spn=0.060339,0.085316&amp;t=k\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD70\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD74\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD78\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Satellite+Image+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Google+Maps&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2Fmaps%3Fll%3D52.5333%2C13.38000%26spn%3D0.060339%2C0.085316%26t%3Dk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt263\" id=\"mwD8A\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-69\" id=\"cite_note-69\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD8E\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-69\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD8I\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD8M\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-69\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt270\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD8Q\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.qiez.de/pankow/wohnen-und-leben/gruenes-berlin/der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-liegt-nun-in-pankow-arkenberge/169588800\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin hat eine neue Spitze\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin has a new top\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Nikolaus\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Triantafillou\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 November 2018\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Qiez\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"27 January 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 July 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160722225809/https://www.qiez.de/pankow/wohnen-und-leben/gruenes-berlin/der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-liegt-nun-in-pankow-arkenberge/169588800\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFTriantafillou2015\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt270\">Triantafillou, Nikolaus (27 January 2015). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160722225809/https://www.qiez.de/pankow/wohnen-und-leben/gruenes-berlin/der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-liegt-nun-in-pankow-arkenberge/169588800\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD8U\">\"Berlin hat eine neue Spitze\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwD8Y\">[</span>Berlin has a new top<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwD8c\">]</span> (in German). Qiez. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.qiez.de/pankow/wohnen-und-leben/gruenes-berlin/der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-liegt-nun-in-pankow-arkenberge/169588800\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD8g\">the original</a> on 22 July 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD8k\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD8o\">11 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+hat+eine+neue+Spitze&amp;rft.pub=Qiez&amp;rft.date=2015-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Triantafillou&amp;rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qiez.de%2Fpankow%2Fwohnen-und-leben%2Fgruenes-berlin%2Fder-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-liegt-nun-in-pankow-arkenberge%2F169588800&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt270\" id=\"mwD8s\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt270\" id=\"mwD8w\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-70\" id=\"cite_note-70\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD80\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-70\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD84\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD88\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-70\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt273\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD9A\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/bezirke/pankow/das-ist-die-hoehe-arkenberge-der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-ist-neuerdings-in-pankow/11406254.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Der höchste Berg von Berlin ist neuerdings in Pankow\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"The tallest mountain in Berlin is now in Pankow\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"22 February 2015\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 February 2015\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[Der Tagesspiegel]]\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Stefan\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Jacobs\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 May 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150519014725/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/bezirke/pankow/das-ist-die-hoehe-arkenberge-der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-ist-neuerdings-in-pankow/11406254.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFJacobs2015\" class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt273\">Jacobs, Stefan (22 February 2015). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/bezirke/pankow/das-ist-die-hoehe-arkenberge-der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-ist-neuerdings-in-pankow/11406254.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD9E\">\"Der höchste Berg von Berlin ist neuerdings in Pankow\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwD9I\">[</span>The tallest mountain in Berlin is now in Pankow<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwD9M\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwD9Q\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Tagesspiegel\" title=\"Der Tagesspiegel\" id=\"mwD9U\">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150519014725/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/bezirke/pankow/das-ist-die-hoehe-arkenberge-der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-ist-neuerdings-in-pankow/11406254.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD9Y\">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD9c\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD9g\">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&amp;rft.atitle=Der+h%C3%B6chste+Berg+von+Berlin+ist+neuerdings+in+Pankow&amp;rft.date=2015-02-22&amp;rft.aulast=Jacobs&amp;rft.aufirst=Stefan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2Fbezirke%2Fpankow%2Fdas-ist-die-hoehe-arkenberge-der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-ist-neuerdings-in-pankow%2F11406254.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt273\" id=\"mwD9k\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt273\" id=\"mwD9o\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-71\" id=\"cite_note-71\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"70\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD9s\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-71\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD9w\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD90\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-71\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt276\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD94\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin,+Germany\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Weatherbase\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 January 2019\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 January 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190130184209/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin,+Germany\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt276\" id=\"mwD98\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin,+Germany\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD-A\">\"Berlin, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)\"</a>. <i id=\"mwD-E\">Weatherbase</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190130184209/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin,+Germany\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD-I\">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD-M\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD-Q\">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%2C+Germany+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D58301%26cityname%3DBerlin%2C%2BGermany&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt276\" id=\"mwD-U\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-72\" id=\"cite_note-72\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD-Y\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-72\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD-c\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD-g\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-72\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt279\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD-k\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany&amp;units=\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, Germany Climate Summary\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Weatherbase\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 March 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"29 June 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150629211853/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany&amp;units=\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt279\" id=\"mwD-o\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany&amp;units=\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD-s\">\"Berlin, Germany Climate Summary\"</a>. Weatherbase. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150629211853/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&amp;cityname=Berlin%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany&amp;units=\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD-w\">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD-0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD-4\">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%2C+Germany+Climate+Summary&amp;rft.pub=Weatherbase&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D58301%26cityname%3DBerlin%252C%2BBerlin%252C%2BGermany%26units%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt279\" id=\"mwD-8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-73\" id=\"cite_note-73\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"72\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD_A\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-73\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD_E\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwD_I\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-73\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt282\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwD_M\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Elkins\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Dorothy\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=8VqRAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA77\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin: The Spatial Structure of a Divided City\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Elkins\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"T. H.\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Hofmeister\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"B.\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"4 August 2005\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Routledge\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"9781135835057\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 September 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131221/https://books.google.com/books?id=8VqRAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA77\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 February 2022\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFElkinsElkinsHofmeister2005\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt282\">Elkins, Dorothy; Elkins, T. H.; Hofmeister, B. (4 August 2005). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=8VqRAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA77\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD_Q\"><i id=\"mwD_U\">Berlin: The Spatial Structure of a Divided City</i></a>. Routledge. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwD_Y\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwD_c\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9781135835057\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9781135835057\" id=\"mwD_g\"><bdi id=\"mwD_k\">9781135835057</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131221/https://books.google.com/books?id=8VqRAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA77\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwD_o\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwD_s\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwD_w\">21 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%3A+The+Spatial+Structure+of+a+Divided+City&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2005-08-04&amp;rft.isbn=9781135835057&amp;rft.aulast=Elkins&amp;rft.aufirst=Dorothy&amp;rft.au=Elkins%2C+T.+H.&amp;rft.au=Hofmeister%2C+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8VqRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA77&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt282\" id=\"mwD_0\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-74\" id=\"cite_note-74\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"73\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwD_4\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-74\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwD_8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEAA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-74\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt306\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEAE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.weather.com/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"weather.com\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"weather.com\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 March 2007\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070323015551/https://www.weather.com/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt306\" id=\"mwEAI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.weather.com/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEAM\">\"weather.com\"</a>. weather.com. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070323015551/https://www.weather.com/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEAQ\">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEAU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEAY\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=weather.com&amp;rft.pub=weather.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt306\" id=\"mwEAc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-75\" id=\"cite_note-75\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"74\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEAg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-75\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEAk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEAo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-75\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt309\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEAs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.worldweather.org/016/c00059.htm\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Climate figures\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"World Weather Information Service\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 August 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080817114255/https://www.worldweather.org/016/c00059.htm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt309\" id=\"mwEAw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.worldweather.org/016/c00059.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEA0\">\"Climate figures\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEA4\">World Weather Information Service</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080817114255/https://www.worldweather.org/016/c00059.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEA8\">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEBA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEBE\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Weather+Information+Service&amp;rft.atitle=Climate+figures&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldweather.org%2F016%2Fc00059.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt309\" id=\"mwEBI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-76\" id=\"cite_note-76\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEBM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-76\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEBQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEBU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-76\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt312\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEBY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tberlintem.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Temperaturmonatsmittel BERLIN-TEMPELHOF 1701- 1993\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"old.wetterzentrale.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 June 2019\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 July 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190702031754/https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tberlintem.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt312\" id=\"mwEBc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190702031754/https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tberlintem.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEBg\">\"Temperaturmonatsmittel BERLIN-TEMPELHOF 1701- 1993\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEBk\">old.wetterzentrale.de</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tberlintem.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEBo\">the original</a> on 2 July 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEBs\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEBw\">23 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=old.wetterzentrale.de&amp;rft.atitle=Temperaturmonatsmittel+BERLIN-TEMPELHOF+1701-+1993&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.wetterzentrale.de%2Fklima%2Ftberlintem.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt312\" id=\"mwEB0\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-77\" id=\"cite_note-77\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"76\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEB4\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-77\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEB8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwECA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-77\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt315\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwECE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pberlinda.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Niederschlagsmonatssummen BERLIN-DAHLEM 1848– 1990\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"old.wetterzentrale.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 June 2019\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 July 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190707182905/https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pberlinda.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt315\" id=\"mwECI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190707182905/https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pberlinda.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwECM\">\"Niederschlagsmonatssummen BERLIN-DAHLEM 1848– 1990\"</a>. <i id=\"mwECQ\">old.wetterzentrale.de</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pberlinda.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwECU\">the original</a> on 7 July 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwECY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwECc\">23 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=old.wetterzentrale.de&amp;rft.atitle=Niederschlagsmonatssummen+BERLIN-DAHLEM+1848%E2%80%93+1990&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.wetterzentrale.de%2Fklima%2Fpberlinda.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt315\" id=\"mwECg\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-78\" id=\"cite_note-78\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"77\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwECk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-78\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwECo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwECs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-78\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt297\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwECw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwEC0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEC4\">\"Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – CDC (Climate Data Center)\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEC8\">www.dwd.de</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220619232425/https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEDA\">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEDE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEDI\">15 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.dwd.de&amp;rft.atitle=Wetter+und+Klima+%E2%80%93+Deutscher+Wetterdienst+%E2%80%93+CDC+%28Climate+Data+Center%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fklimaumwelt%2Fcdc%2Fcdc_node.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwEDM\"></span>\n</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-79\" id=\"cite_note-79\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"78\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEDQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-79\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEDU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEDY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-79\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt302\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwEDc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwEDg\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Berlin-Brandenburg_10385.csv\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEDk\">\"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Berlin-Brandenburg\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEDo\">(CSV)</span>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./NOAA\" title=\"NOAA\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEDs\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEDw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwED0\">11 April</span> 2024</span>. <q id=\"mwED4\">WMO number: 10385</q></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020%3A+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FBerlin-Brandenburg_10385.csv&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwED8\"></span>\n</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-80\" id=\"cite_note-80\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"79\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEEA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-80\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEEE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEEI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-80\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt320\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwEEM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwEEQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131223/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10381.TXT\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEEU\">\"Berlin (10381) – WMO Weather Station\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration\" title=\"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\" id=\"mwEEY\">NOAA</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10381.TXT\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEEc\">the original</a> on 18 February 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEEg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEEk\">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+%2810381%29+%E2%80%93+WMO+Weather+Station&amp;rft.pub=NOAA&amp;rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FDL%2F10381.TXT&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwEEo\"></span> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAABerlin\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEEs\">Archived</a> 30 January 2019, at the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" id=\"mwEEw\">Wayback Machine</a></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-81\" id=\"cite_note-81\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"80\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEE0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-81\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEE4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEE8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-81\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt325\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" id=\"mwEFA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwEFE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berliner-extremwerte.com/Berliner-Extremwerte.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEFI\">\"Berliner Extremwerte\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200606191249/https://www.berliner-extremwerte.com/Berliner-Extremwerte.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEFM\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEFQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEFU\">1 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berliner+Extremwerte&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berliner-extremwerte.com%2FBerliner-Extremwerte.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"mwEFY\"></span>\n</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-82\" id=\"cite_note-82\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"81\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEFc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-82\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEFg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEFk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-82\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt329\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEFo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/so-alt-wohnt-berlin/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Alt- oder Neubau? So wohnt Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"29 March 2024\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 May 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230528095512/https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/so-alt-wohnt-berlin/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt329\" id=\"mwEFs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/so-alt-wohnt-berlin/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEFw\">\"Alt- oder Neubau? So wohnt Berlin\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230528095512/https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/so-alt-wohnt-berlin/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEF0\">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEF4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEF8\">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alt-+oder+Neubau%3F+So+wohnt+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finteraktiv.morgenpost.de%2Fso-alt-wohnt-berlin%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt329\" id=\"mwEGA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-83\" id=\"cite_note-83\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"82\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEGE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-83\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEGI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEGM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-83\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt332\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEGQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1239\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Modernism Housing Estates\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"29 March 2024\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 February 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120228161839/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1239\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt332\" id=\"mwEGU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1239\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEGY\">\"Berlin Modernism Housing Estates\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120228161839/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1239\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEGc\">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEGg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEGk\">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Modernism+Housing+Estates&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1239&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt332\" id=\"mwEGo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-84\" id=\"cite_note-84\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"83\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEGs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-84\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEGw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEG0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-84\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt344\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEG4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Neumann: Stadtschloss wird teurer\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Neumann: Palace is getting more expensive\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berliner Zeitung]]\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"24 June 2011\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 February 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200703/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt344\" id=\"mwEG8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEHA\">\"Neumann: Stadtschloss wird teurer\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEHE\">[</span>Neumann: Palace is getting more expensive<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEHI\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwEHM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Zeitung\" title=\"Berliner Zeitung\" id=\"mwEHQ\">Berliner Zeitung</a></i> (in German). 24 June 2011. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200703/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEHU\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEHY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEHc\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berliner+Zeitung&amp;rft.atitle=Neumann%3A+Stadtschloss+wird+teurer&amp;rft.date=2011-06-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berliner-zeitung.de%2Fnewsticker%2Fneumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer%2C10917074%2C10924086.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt344\" id=\"mwEHg\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt344\" id=\"mwEHk\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-85\" id=\"cite_note-85\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"84\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEHo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-85\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEHs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEHw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-85\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt347\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEH0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Das Pathos der Berliner Republik\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"The pathos of the Berlin republic\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berliner Zeitung]]\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"19 May 2010\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 February 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200702/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"Jähner\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFJähner2010\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt347\">Jähner (19 May 2010). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEH4\">\"Das Pathos der Berliner Republik\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEH8\">[</span>The pathos of the Berlin republic<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEIA\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwEIE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Zeitung\" title=\"Berliner Zeitung\" id=\"mwEII\">Berliner Zeitung</a></i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200702/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEIM\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEIQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEIU\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berliner+Zeitung&amp;rft.atitle=Das+Pathos+der+Berliner+Republik&amp;rft.date=2010-05-19&amp;rft.au=J%C3%A4hner&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berliner-zeitung.de%2Farchiv%2Fdie-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik%2C10810590%2C10717494.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt347\" id=\"mwEIY\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt347\" id=\"mwEIc\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-86\" id=\"cite_note-86\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"85\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEIg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-86\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEIk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEIo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-86\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt350\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEIs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Construction and redevelopment since 1990\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Senate Department of Urban Development\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080610103008/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 June 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt350\" id=\"mwEIw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080610103008/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEI0\">\"Construction and redevelopment since 1990\"</a>. Senate Department of Urban Development. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEI4\">the original</a> on 10 June 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEI8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEJA\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Construction+and+redevelopment+since+1990&amp;rft.pub=Senate+Department+of+Urban+Development&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de%2Fbauen%2Fbaubilanz%2Fen%2Fpotsdamer_platz.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt350\" id=\"mwEJE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-87\" id=\"cite_note-87\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"86\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEJI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-87\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEJM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEJQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-87\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt353\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEJU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://travel2.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/arts/design/09holo.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The New York Times\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Nicolai\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Ouroussoff\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"9 May 2005\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.today/20230401113405/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/arts/design/a-forest-of-pillars-recalling-the-unimaginable.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2023-04-01\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFOuroussoff2005\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt353\">Ouroussoff, Nicolai (9 May 2005). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://travel2.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/arts/design/09holo.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEJY\">\"A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEJc\">The New York Times</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEJg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEJk\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Forest+of+Pillars%2C+Recalling+the+Unimaginable&amp;rft.date=2005-05-09&amp;rft.aulast=Ouroussoff&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicolai&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel2.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F05%2F09%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F09holo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt353\" id=\"mwEJo\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\" about=\"#mwt353\" id=\"mwEJs\"><code class=\"cs1-code\" id=\"mwEJw\">{{<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Cite_news\" title=\"Template:Cite news\" id=\"mwEJ0\">cite news</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\" id=\"mwEJ4\">link</a>)</span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" about=\"#mwt353\" id=\"mwEJ8\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-88\" id=\"cite_note-88\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"87\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEKA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-88\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEKE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEKI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-88\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt361\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEKM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Washingtonplatz at Berlin central train station, final expansion\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Voessing Engineers\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.voessing.de/en/projects/washingtonplatz-at-berlin-central-train-station--final-expansion~pr612\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 June 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt361\" id=\"mwEKQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.voessing.de/en/projects/washingtonplatz-at-berlin-central-train-station--final-expansion~pr612\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEKU\">\"Washingtonplatz at Berlin central train station, final expansion\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEKY\">Voessing Engineers</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEKc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEKg\">23 June</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Voessing+Engineers&amp;rft.atitle=Washingtonplatz+at+Berlin+central+train+station%2C+final+expansion&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voessing.de%2Fen%2Fprojects%2Fwashingtonplatz-at-berlin-central-train-station--final-expansion~pr612&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt361\" id=\"mwEKk\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-89\" id=\"cite_note-89\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"88\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEKo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-89\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEKs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEKw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-89\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt364\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEK0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Ravenscroft\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Tom\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"3XN unveils cube-shaped office block in central Berlin\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Dezeen\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"3 September 2020\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/03/berlin-cube-office-block-3xn-washingtonplatz/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 June 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFRavenscroft2020\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt364\">Ravenscroft, Tom (3 September 2020). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/03/berlin-cube-office-block-3xn-washingtonplatz/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEK4\">\"3XN unveils cube-shaped office block in central Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEK8\">Dezeen</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwELA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwELE\">23 June</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Dezeen&amp;rft.atitle=3XN+unveils+cube-shaped+office+block+in+central+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2020-09-03&amp;rft.aulast=Ravenscroft&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dezeen.com%2F2020%2F09%2F03%2Fberlin-cube-office-block-3xn-washingtonplatz%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt364\" id=\"mwELI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-90\" id=\"cite_note-90\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"89\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwELM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-90\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwELQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwELU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-90\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt367\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwELY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Cube Berlin\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Guardian Glass\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"18 July 2024\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.guardianglass.com/eu/en/insights/cube-berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 June 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt367\" id=\"mwELc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.guardianglass.com/eu/en/insights/cube-berlin\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwELg\">\"Cube Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwELk\">Guardian Glass</i>. 18 July 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwELo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwELs\">23 June</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Guardian+Glass&amp;rft.atitle=Cube+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2024-07-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardianglass.com%2Feu%2Fen%2Finsights%2Fcube-berlin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt367\" id=\"mwELw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Bevölkerungsprognose_Berlin-91\" id=\"cite_note-Bevölkerungsprognose_Berlin-91\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"90\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEL0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Bevölkerungsprognose_Berlin_91-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEL4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEL8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Bevölkerungsprognose_Berlin-91\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt376\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEMA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bevölkerungsprognose für Berlin 2024 bis 2040\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin.de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"4 November 2025\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/sbw/stadtdaten/stadtwissen/bevoelkerungsprognose-2024-2040/\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 November 2025\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt376\" id=\"mwEME\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/sbw/stadtdaten/stadtwissen/bevoelkerungsprognose-2024-2040/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEMI\">\"Bevölkerungsprognose für Berlin 2024 bis 2040\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEMM\">Berlin.de</i> (in German). 4 November 2025<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEMQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEMU\">7 November</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognose+f%C3%BCr+Berlin+2024+bis+2040&amp;rft.date=2025-11-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsen%2Fsbw%2Fstadtdaten%2Fstadtwissen%2Fbevoelkerungsprognose-2024-2040%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt376\" id=\"mwEMY\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt376\" id=\"mwEMc\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-92\" id=\"cite_note-92\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"91\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEMg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-92\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEMk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEMo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-92\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&amp;lang=en\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEMs\">Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas, Eurostat</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150903213351/https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&amp;lang=en\" about=\"#mwt381\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEMw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Webarchive\",\"href\":\"./Template:Webarchive\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150903213351/https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&amp;lang=en\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"3 September 2015\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Archived</a><span about=\"#mwt381\" id=\"mwEM0\"> 3 September 2015 at the </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" about=\"#mwt381\" id=\"mwEM4\">Wayback Machine</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" about=\"#mwt381\" id=\"mwEM8\"/>. Retrieved 28 April 2019.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-93\" id=\"cite_note-93\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"92\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwENA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-93\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwENE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwENI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-93\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt383\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwENM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/berlin-brandenburg/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Initiativkreis Europäische Metropolregionen in Deutschland: Berlin-Brandenburg\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"31 August 2020\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 February 2013\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 August 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190817083458/https://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/berlin-brandenburg/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt383\" id=\"mwENQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/berlin-brandenburg/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwENU\">\"Initiativkreis Europäische Metropolregionen in Deutschland: Berlin-Brandenburg\"</a>. <i id=\"mwENY\">www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org</i>. 31 August 2020. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190817083458/https://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/berlin-brandenburg/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwENc\">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwENg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwENk\">6 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org&amp;rft.atitle=Initiativkreis+Europ%C3%A4ische+Metropolregionen+in+Deutschland%3A+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.date=2020-08-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutsche-metropolregionen.org%2Fmitglieder%2Fberlin-brandenburg%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt383\" id=\"mwENo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-94\" id=\"cite_note-94\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"93\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwENs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-94\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwENw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEN0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-94\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_en_2015_be.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEN4\">statistics Berlin Brandenburg</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160315084534/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_en_2015_be.pdf\" about=\"#mwt389\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEN8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Webarchive\",\"href\":\"./Template:Webarchive\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160315084534/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_en_2015_be.pdf\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"15 March 2016\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Archived</a><span about=\"#mwt389\" id=\"mwEOA\"> 15 March 2016 at the </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" about=\"#mwt389\" id=\"mwEOE\">Wayback Machine</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" about=\"#mwt389\" id=\"mwEOI\"/>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de\" class=\"external free\" id=\"mwEOM\">http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de</a> Retrieved 10 October 2016.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" id=\"cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"94\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEOQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-0\" id=\"mwEOU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEOY\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-1\" id=\"mwEOc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEOg\">2</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-2\" id=\"mwEOk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEOo\">3</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-3\" id=\"mwEOs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEOw\">4</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg_95-4\" id=\"mwEO0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEO4\">5</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg-95\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt391\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEO8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://download.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/33c9036f104cc704/506649c17098/SB_A01-05-00_2023h02_BE.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerregisterstatistik Berlin 31. Dezember 2023\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"18–22\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 June 2024\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt391\" id=\"mwEPA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://download.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/33c9036f104cc704/506649c17098/SB_A01-05-00_2023h02_BE.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEPE\">\"Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerregisterstatistik Berlin 31. Dezember 2023\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEPI\">[</span>Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEPM\">]</span> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEPQ\">(PDF)</span>. <i id=\"mwEPU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg\" title=\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEPY\">Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEPc\"> </span><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEPg\">18–</span>22<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEPk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEPo\">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.atitle=Statistischer+Bericht%3A+Einwohnerregisterstatistik+Berlin+31.+Dezember+2023&amp;rft.pages=18-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2F33c9036f104cc704%2F506649c17098%2FSB_A01-05-00_2023h02_BE.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt391\" id=\"mwEPs\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt391\" id=\"mwEPw\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-96\" id=\"cite_note-96\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"95\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEP0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-96\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEP4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEP8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-96\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt410\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEQA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"How Berlin Became the World&apos;s Second Turkish...\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/how-berlin-became-the-worlds-second-turkish-capital\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Culture Trip\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"6 March 2018\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230823212341/https://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/how-berlin-became-the-worlds-second-turkish-capital\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt410\" id=\"mwEQE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/how-berlin-became-the-worlds-second-turkish-capital\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEQI\">\"How Berlin Became the World's Second Turkish...\"</a> <i id=\"mwEQM\">Culture Trip</i>. 6 March 2018. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230823212341/https://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/how-berlin-became-the-worlds-second-turkish-capital\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEQQ\">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEQU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEQY\">23 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Culture+Trip&amp;rft.atitle=How+Berlin+Became+the+World%27s+Second+Turkish...&amp;rft.date=2018-03-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Fgermany%2Farticles%2Fhow-berlin-became-the-worlds-second-turkish-capital&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt410\" id=\"mwEQc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-97\" id=\"cite_note-97\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"96\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEQg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-97\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEQk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEQo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-97\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt413\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEQs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Dmitry Bulgakov\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.russiajournal.com/node/4653\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin is speaking Russians&apos; language\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Russiajournal.com\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"11 March 2001\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 February 2013\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"usurped\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130406142034/https://www.russiajournal.com/node/4653\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 April 2013\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFDmitry_Bulgakov2001\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit\" about=\"#mwt413\">Dmitry Bulgakov (11 March 2001). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130406142034/https://www.russiajournal.com/node/4653\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEQw\">\"Berlin is speaking Russians' language\"</a>. Russiajournal.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEQ0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEQ4\">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+is+speaking+Russians%27+language&amp;rft.pub=Russiajournal.com&amp;rft.date=2001-03-11&amp;rft.au=Dmitry+Bulgakov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.russiajournal.com%2Fnode%2F4653&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt413\" id=\"mwEQ8\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1:_unfit_URL\" about=\"#mwt413\" id=\"mwERA\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-98\" id=\"cite_note-98\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"97\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwERE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-98\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwERI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwERM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-98\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt416\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwERQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article616463/Berlin_wird_farbiger_Die_Afrikaner_kommen.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin wird farbiger. Die Afrikaner kommen – Nachrichten Welt am Sonntag – Welt Online\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"Die Welt\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"28 October 2001\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 June 2011\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Heilwagen\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Oliver\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 May 2011\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110515022639/https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article616463/Berlin_wird_farbiger_Die_Afrikaner_kommen.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFHeilwagen2001\" class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt416\">Heilwagen, Oliver (28 October 2001). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article616463/Berlin_wird_farbiger_Die_Afrikaner_kommen.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwERU\">\"Berlin wird farbiger. Die Afrikaner kommen – Nachrichten Welt am Sonntag – Welt Online\"</a>. <i id=\"mwERY\">Die Welt</i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110515022639/https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article616463/Berlin_wird_farbiger_Die_Afrikaner_kommen.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwERc\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwERg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwERk\">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+wird+farbiger.+Die+Afrikaner+kommen+%E2%80%93+Nachrichten+Welt+am+Sonntag+%E2%80%93+Welt+Online&amp;rft.date=2001-10-28&amp;rft.aulast=Heilwagen&amp;rft.aufirst=Oliver&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fprint-wams%2Farticle616463%2FBerlin_wird_farbiger_Die_Afrikaner_kommen.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt416\" id=\"mwERo\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt416\" id=\"mwERs\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-99\" id=\"cite_note-99\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"98\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwERw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-99\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwER0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwER4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-99\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt419\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwER8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite press release \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_press_release\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"6 February 2009\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Zweites Afrika-Magazin \\\"Afrikanisches Viertel\\\" erschienen Bezirksbürgermeister Dr. Christian Hanke ist Schirmherr\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/ba-mitte/aktuell/presse/archiv/20090206.1305.119894.html\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 September 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 October 2014\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141021050530/https://www.berlin.de/ba-mitte/aktuell/presse/archiv/20090206.1305.119894.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation pressrelease cs1\" about=\"#mwt419\" id=\"mwESA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/ba-mitte/aktuell/presse/archiv/20090206.1305.119894.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwESE\">\"Zweites Afrika-Magazin \"Afrikanisches Viertel\" erschienen Bezirksbürgermeister Dr. Christian Hanke ist Schirmherr\"</a> (Press release). Berlin: berlin.de. 6 February 2009. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141021050530/https://www.berlin.de/ba-mitte/aktuell/presse/archiv/20090206.1305.119894.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwESI\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwESM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwESQ\">27 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zweites+Afrika-Magazin+%22Afrikanisches+Viertel%22+erschienen+Bezirksb%C3%BCrgermeister+Dr.+Christian+Hanke+ist+Schirmherr&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=berlin.de&amp;rft.date=2009-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fba-mitte%2Faktuell%2Fpresse%2Farchiv%2F20090206.1305.119894.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt419\" id=\"mwESU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-100\" id=\"cite_note-100\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"99\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwESY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-100\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwESc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwESg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-100\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt422\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwESk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite journal\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Hummus in the Prenzlauer Berg\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"The Jewish Week\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"12 December 2014\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.thejewishweek.com/special-sections/jewish-journeys/hummus-prenzlauer-berg\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"29 December 2014\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 December 2014\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141230010937/https://www.thejewishweek.com/special-sections/jewish-journeys/hummus-prenzlauer-berg\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt422\" id=\"mwESo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.thejewishweek.com/special-sections/jewish-journeys/hummus-prenzlauer-berg\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwESs\">\"Hummus in the Prenzlauer Berg\"</a>. <i id=\"mwESw\">The Jewish Week</i>. 12 December 2014. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141230010937/https://www.thejewishweek.com/special-sections/jewish-journeys/hummus-prenzlauer-berg\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwES0\">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwES4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwES8\">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Week&amp;rft.atitle=Hummus+in+the+Prenzlauer+Berg&amp;rft.date=2014-12-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejewishweek.com%2Fspecial-sections%2Fjewish-journeys%2Fhummus-prenzlauer-berg&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt422\" id=\"mwETA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-101\" id=\"cite_note-101\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"100\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwETE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-101\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwETI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwETM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-101\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt426\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwETQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 April 2019\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"457 000 Ausländer aus 190 Staaten in Berlin gemeldet\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"457,000 Foreigners from 190 Countries Registered in Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article104791484/457-000-Auslaender-aus-190-Staaten-in-Berlin-gemeldet.html\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"5 February 2011\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berliner Morgenpost]]\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 April 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190428201553/https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article104791484/457-000-Auslaender-aus-190-Staaten-in-Berlin-gemeldet.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt426\" id=\"mwETU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article104791484/457-000-Auslaender-aus-190-Staaten-in-Berlin-gemeldet.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwETY\">\"457 000 Ausländer aus 190 Staaten in Berlin gemeldet\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwETc\">[</span>457,000 Foreigners from 190 Countries Registered in Berlin<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwETg\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwETk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Morgenpost\" title=\"Berliner Morgenpost\" id=\"mwETo\">Berliner Morgenpost</a></i> (in German). 5 February 2011. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190428201553/https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article104791484/457-000-Auslaender-aus-190-Staaten-in-Berlin-gemeldet.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwETs\">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwETw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwET0\">28 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berliner+Morgenpost&amp;rft.atitle=457+000+Ausl%C3%A4nder+aus+190+Staaten+in+Berlin+gemeldet&amp;rft.date=2011-02-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.morgenpost.de%2Fprintarchiv%2Fberlin%2Farticle104791484%2F457-000-Auslaender-aus-190-Staaten-in-Berlin-gemeldet.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt426\" id=\"mwET4\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt426\" id=\"mwET8\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-102\" id=\"cite_note-102\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"101\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEUA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-102\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEUE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEUI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-102\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt429\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEUM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article132070813/Bald-jeder-dritte-Berliner-hat-einen-Migrationshintergrund.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bald jeder dritte Berliner hat einen Migrationshintergrund\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Fahrun\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Joachim\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2014-09-10\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.today/20160723113447/http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article132070813/Bald-jeder-dritte-Berliner-hat-einen-Migrationshintergrund.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2016-07-23\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2024-08-29\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berliner Morgenpost]]\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFFahrun2014\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt429\">Fahrun, Joachim (10 September 2014). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article132070813/Bald-jeder-dritte-Berliner-hat-einen-Migrationshintergrund.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEUQ\">\"Bald jeder dritte Berliner hat einen Migrationshintergrund\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEUU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Morgenpost\" title=\"Berliner Morgenpost\" id=\"mwEUY\">Berliner Morgenpost</a></i> (in German)<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEUc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEUg\">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berliner+Morgenpost&amp;rft.atitle=Bald+jeder+dritte+Berliner+hat+einen+Migrationshintergrund&amp;rft.date=2014-09-10&amp;rft.aulast=Fahrun&amp;rft.aufirst=Joachim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.morgenpost.de%2Fberlin%2Farticle132070813%2FBald-jeder-dritte-Berliner-hat-einen-Migrationshintergrund.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt429\" id=\"mwEUk\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\" about=\"#mwt429\" id=\"mwEUo\"><code class=\"cs1-code\" id=\"mwEUs\">{{<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\" id=\"mwEUw\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\" id=\"mwEU0\">link</a>)</span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" about=\"#mwt429\" id=\"mwEU4\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt429\" id=\"mwEU8\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-103\" id=\"cite_note-103\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"102\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEVA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-103\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEVE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEVI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-103\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt433\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEVM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Von Andrea Dernbach\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/deutschland/berlin-will-illegalen-einwanderern-helfen/1452916.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Migration: Berlin will illegalen Einwanderern helfen – Deutschland – Politik – Tagesspiegel\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"Der Tagesspiegel Online\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Tagesspiegel.de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"23 February 2009\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 September 2011\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 February 2022\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131251/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/migration-berlin-will-illegalen-einwanderern-helfen/1452916.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFVon_Andrea_Dernbach2009\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt433\">Von Andrea Dernbach (23 February 2009). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/deutschland/berlin-will-illegalen-einwanderern-helfen/1452916.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEVQ\">\"Migration: Berlin will illegalen Einwanderern helfen – Deutschland – Politik – Tagesspiegel\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEVU\">Der Tagesspiegel Online</i>. Tagesspiegel.de. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131251/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/migration-berlin-will-illegalen-einwanderern-helfen/1452916.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEVY\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEVc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEVg\">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Migration%3A+Berlin+will+illegalen+Einwanderern+helfen+%E2%80%93+Deutschland+%E2%80%93+Politik+%E2%80%93+Tagesspiegel&amp;rft.date=2009-02-23&amp;rft.au=Von+Andrea+Dernbach&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fberlin-will-illegalen-einwanderern-helfen%2F1452916.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt433\" id=\"mwEVk\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-104\" id=\"cite_note-104\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"103\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEVo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-104\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEVs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEVw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-104\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt436\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEV0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"8 September 2016\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"Junge Freiheit\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2016/zahl-der-auslaender-in-berlin-steigt-auf-rekordhoch/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Zahl der Ausländer in Berlin steigt auf Rekordhoch\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 June 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 August 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804053354/https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2016/zahl-der-auslaender-in-berlin-steigt-auf-rekordhoch/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt436\" id=\"mwEV4\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2016/zahl-der-auslaender-in-berlin-steigt-auf-rekordhoch/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEV8\">\"Zahl der Ausländer in Berlin steigt auf Rekordhoch\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEWA\">Junge Freiheit</i> (in German). 8 September 2016. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804053354/https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2016/zahl-der-auslaender-in-berlin-steigt-auf-rekordhoch/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEWE\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEWI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEWM\">13 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Junge+Freiheit&amp;rft.atitle=Zahl+der+Ausl%C3%A4nder+in+Berlin+steigt+auf+Rekordhoch&amp;rft.date=2016-09-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjungefreiheit.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2F2016%2Fzahl-der-auslaender-in-berlin-steigt-auf-rekordhoch%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt436\" id=\"mwEWQ\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt436\" id=\"mwEWU\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-105\" id=\"cite_note-105\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"104\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEWY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-105\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEWc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEWg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-105\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt439\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEWk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin: Inside Europe&apos;s capital of Arab culture\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/berlin-germany-europe-capital-arab-culture\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Middle East Eye\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 October 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20231027161825/https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/berlin-germany-europe-capital-arab-culture\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt439\" id=\"mwEWo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/berlin-germany-europe-capital-arab-culture\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEWs\">\"Berlin: Inside Europe's capital of Arab culture\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEWw\">Middle East Eye</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20231027161825/https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/berlin-germany-europe-capital-arab-culture\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEW0\">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEW4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEW8\">23 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%3A+Inside+Europe%27s+capital+of+Arab+culture&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fdiscover%2Fberlin-germany-europe-capital-arab-culture&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt439\" id=\"mwEXA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-106\" id=\"cite_note-106\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"105\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEXE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-106\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEXI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEXM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-106\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt442\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEXQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin to create 10,000 extra beds for Ukrainian refugees – DW – 11/20/2022\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-to-create-10000-more-beds-for-ukrainian-refugees/a-63811862\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"dw.com\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230823063024/https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-to-create-10000-more-beds-for-ukrainian-refugees/a-63811862\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt442\" id=\"mwEXU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-to-create-10000-more-beds-for-ukrainian-refugees/a-63811862\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEXY\">\"Berlin to create 10,000 extra beds for Ukrainian refugees – DW – 11/20/2022\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEXc\">dw.com</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230823063024/https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-to-create-10000-more-beds-for-ukrainian-refugees/a-63811862\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEXg\">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEXk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEXo\">23 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=dw.com&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+to+create+10%2C000+extra+beds+for+Ukrainian+refugees+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+11%2F20%2F2022&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlin-to-create-10000-more-beds-for-ukrainian-refugees%2Fa-63811862&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt442\" id=\"mwEXs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-107\" id=\"cite_note-107\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"106\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEXw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-107\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEX0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEX4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-107\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt445\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEX8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Survey of Ukrainian War Refugees\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/kurzmeldungen/EN/2022/04/survey-ukraine.html\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230823064914/https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/kurzmeldungen/EN/2022/04/survey-ukraine.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt445\" id=\"mwEYA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/kurzmeldungen/EN/2022/04/survey-ukraine.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEYE\">\"Survey of Ukrainian War Refugees\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEYI\">Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230823064914/https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/kurzmeldungen/EN/2022/04/survey-ukraine.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEYM\">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEYQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEYU\">23 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Federal+Ministry+of+the+Interior+and+Community&amp;rft.atitle=Survey+of+Ukrainian+War+Refugees&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmi.bund.de%2FSharedDocs%2Fkurzmeldungen%2FEN%2F2022%2F04%2Fsurvey-ukraine.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt445\" id=\"mwEYY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-108\" id=\"cite_note-108\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"107\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEYc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-108\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEYg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEYk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-108\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt448\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEYo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Kipp\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"David\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A Migration Miracle? Indian Migration to Germany\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/a-migration-miracle-indian-migration-to-germany\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2026-06-16\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP)\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.18449/2025RP04/\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFKipp\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt448\">Kipp, David. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/a-migration-miracle-indian-migration-to-germany\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEYs\">\"A Migration Miracle? Indian Migration to Germany\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEYw\">Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP)</i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEY0\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.18449%2F2025RP04%2F\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEY4\">10.18449/2025RP04/</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEY8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEZA\">16 June</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Stiftung+Wissenschaft+und+Politik+%28SWP%29&amp;rft.atitle=A+Migration+Miracle%3F+Indian+Migration+to+Germany&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18449%2F2025RP04%2F&amp;rft.aulast=Kipp&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swp-berlin.org%2Fpublikation%2Fa-migration-miracle-indian-migration-to-germany&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt448\" id=\"mwEZE\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt448\" id=\"mwEZI\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-109\" id=\"cite_note-109\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"108\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEZM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-109\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEZQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEZU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-109\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt451\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEZY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"English in the German-Speaking World\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"5 December 2019\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"9781108488099\"},\"editor1\":{\"wt\":\"Raymond Hickey\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Cambridge University Press\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"150\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFRaymond_Hickey2019\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt451\">Raymond Hickey, ed. (5 December 2019). <i id=\"mwEZc\">English in the German-Speaking World</i>. Cambridge University Press. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEZg\"> </span>150. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEZk\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEZo\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9781108488099\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9781108488099\" id=\"mwEZs\"><bdi id=\"mwEZw\">9781108488099</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=English+in+the+German-Speaking+World&amp;rft.pages=150&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2019-12-05&amp;rft.isbn=9781108488099&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt451\" id=\"mwEZ0\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-110\" id=\"cite_note-110\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"109\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEZ4\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-110\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEZ8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEaA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-110\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt456\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEaE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://ec.europa.eu/languages/policy/linguistic-diversity/official-languages-eu_en.htm\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Official Languages\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"European Commission\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"29 July 2014\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 September 2014\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140926004848/https://ec.europa.eu/languages/policy/linguistic-diversity/official-languages-eu_en.htm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFEuropean_Commission\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt456\">European Commission. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/languages/policy/linguistic-diversity/official-languages-eu_en.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEaI\">\"Official Languages\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140926004848/https://ec.europa.eu/languages/policy/linguistic-diversity/official-languages-eu_en.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEaM\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEaQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEaU\">29 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Official+Languages&amp;rft.au=European+Commission&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Flanguages%2Fpolicy%2Flinguistic-diversity%2Fofficial-languages-eu_en.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt456\" id=\"mwEaY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-111\" id=\"cite_note-111\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"110\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEac\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-111\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEag\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEak\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-111\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt459\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEao\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"18 May 2010\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"how many- languages are spoken in berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://berlinbnb.co/2023/12/15/how-many-languages-are-spoken-in-berlin-2/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110522160634/https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/wirtschaft/article1309952/Zwei-Millionen-Berliner-sprechen-mindestens-zwei-Sprachen.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 May 2011\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 June 2011\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Morgenpost.de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt459\" id=\"mwEas\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://berlinbnb.co/2023/12/15/how-many-languages-are-spoken-in-berlin-2/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEaw\">\"how many- languages are spoken in berlin\"</a>. Morgenpost.de. 18 May 2010. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110522160634/https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/wirtschaft/article1309952/Zwei-Millionen-Berliner-sprechen-mindestens-zwei-Sprachen.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEa0\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEa4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEa8\">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=how+many-+languages+are+spoken+in+berlin&amp;rft.pub=Morgenpost.de&amp;rft.date=2010-05-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberlinbnb.co%2F2023%2F12%2F15%2Fhow-many-languages-are-spoken-in-berlin-2%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt459\" id=\"mwEbA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-112\" id=\"cite_note-112\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"111\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEbE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-112\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEbI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEbM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-112\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2021/SB_A01-05-00_2022h02_BE.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEbQ\"><i id=\"mwEbU\">Statistischer Bericht Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31 Dezember 2022</i></a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240414000343/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2023/SB_A01-05-00_2018h02_BE.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEbY\">Archived</a> 14 April 2024 at the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" id=\"mwEbc\">Wayback Machine</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" id=\"mwEbg\"/> (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. Retrieved 22 February 2023.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-113\" id=\"cite_note-113\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"112\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEbk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-113\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEbo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEbs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-113\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt469\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEbw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Zensus 2011 – Bevölkerung und Haushalte – Bundesland Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/zensus/gdb/bev/be/11_Berlin_bev.pdf\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]]\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"6–7\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 February 2019\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193809/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/zensus/gdb/bev/be/11_Berlin_bev.pdf\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 March 2016\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt469\" id=\"mwEb0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193809/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/zensus/gdb/bev/be/11_Berlin_bev.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEb4\">\"Zensus 2011 – Bevölkerung und Haushalte – Bundesland Berlin\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEb8\">(PDF)</span>. <i id=\"mwEcA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg\" title=\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEcE\">Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEcI\"> </span><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEcM\">6–</span>7. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/zensus/gdb/bev/be/11_Berlin_bev.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEcQ\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEcU\">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEcY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEcc\">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.atitle=Zensus+2011+%E2%80%93+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+und+Haushalte+%E2%80%93+Bundesland+Berlin&amp;rft.pages=6-7&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2Fzensus%2Fgdb%2Fbev%2Fbe%2F11_Berlin_bev.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt469\" id=\"mwEcg\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt469\" id=\"mwEck\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-114\" id=\"cite_note-114\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"113\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEco\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-114\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEcs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEcw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-114\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt472\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEc0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2010.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Kirchenmitgliederzahlen am 31.12.2010\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Church membership on 31 December 2010\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"November 2011\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[Protestant Church in Germany]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 March 2012\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180209204513/https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2010.pdf\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 February 2018\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt472\" id=\"mwEc4\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180209204513/https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2010.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEc8\">\"Kirchenmitgliederzahlen am 31.12.2010\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEdA\">[</span>Church membership on 31 December 2010<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEdE\">]</span> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEdI\">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Protestant_Church_in_Germany\" title=\"Protestant Church in Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEdM\">Protestant Church in Germany</a>. November 2011. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2010.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEdQ\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEdU\">(PDF)</span> on 9 February 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEdY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEdc\">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Kirchenmitgliederzahlen+am+31.12.2010&amp;rft.pub=Protestant+Church+in+Germany&amp;rft.date=2011-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekd.de%2Fekd_de%2Fds_doc%2FBer_Kirchenmitglieder_2010.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt472\" id=\"mwEdg\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt472\" id=\"mwEdk\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010-115\" id=\"cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010-115\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"114\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEdo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010_115-0\" id=\"mwEds\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEdw\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010_115-1\" id=\"mwEd0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEd4\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin–Brandenburg-2010-115\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt475\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEd8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Die kleine Berlin–Statistik 2010\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"The small Berlin statistic 2010\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[List of statistical offices in Germany|Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg]]\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"December 2010\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 January 2011\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085946/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 July 2011\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt475\" id=\"mwEeA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085946/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEeE\">\"Die kleine Berlin–Statistik 2010\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEeI\">[</span>The small Berlin statistic 2010<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEeM\">]</span> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEeQ\">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_statistical_offices_in_Germany\" title=\"List of statistical offices in Germany\" id=\"mwEeU\">Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg</a>. December 2010. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEeY\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEec\">(PDF)</span> on 19 July 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEeg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEek\">4 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Die+kleine+Berlin%E2%80%93Statistik+2010&amp;rft.pub=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin%E2%80%93Brandenburg&amp;rft.date=2010-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2FProdukte%2Fkleinestatistik%2FkBEst_2010.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt475\" id=\"mwEeo\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt475\" id=\"mwEes\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-116\" id=\"cite_note-116\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"115\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEew\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-116\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEe0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEe4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-116\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt479\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEe8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/jahrbuch/jb2010/JB_201004_BE.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Statistisches Jahrbuch für Berlin 2010\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Statistical yearbook for Berlin 2010\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[List of statistical offices in Germany|Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg]]\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 February 2013\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 November 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20121120202750/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/jahrbuch/jb2010/JB_201004_BE.pdf\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt479\" id=\"mwEfA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/jahrbuch/jb2010/JB_201004_BE.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEfE\">\"Statistisches Jahrbuch für Berlin 2010\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEfI\">[</span>Statistical yearbook for Berlin 2010<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEfM\">]</span> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEfQ\">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_statistical_offices_in_Germany\" title=\"List of statistical offices in Germany\" id=\"mwEfU\">Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20121120202750/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/jahrbuch/jb2010/JB_201004_BE.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEfY\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEfc\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 November 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEfg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEfk\">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statistisches+Jahrbuch+f%C3%BCr+Berlin+2010&amp;rft.pub=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin%E2%80%93Brandenburg&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2Fprodukte%2Fjahrbuch%2Fjb2010%2FJB_201004_BE.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt479\" id=\"mwEfo\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt479\" id=\"mwEfs\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Ramadan-117\" id=\"cite_note-Ramadan-117\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"116\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEfw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Ramadan_117-0\" id=\"mwEf0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEf4\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Ramadan_117-1\" id=\"mwEf8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEgA\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Ramadan-117\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt484\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEgE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Ramadan in Flüchtlingsheimen und Schulen in Berlin\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Ramadan in refugee homes and schools in Berlin\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[Der Tagesspiegel]]\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"6 June 2016\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 June 2017\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Berger\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Melanie\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 July 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170712125538/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFBerger2016\" class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt484\">Berger, Melanie (6 June 2016). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEgI\">\"Ramadan in Flüchtlingsheimen und Schulen in Berlin\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEgM\">[</span>Ramadan in refugee homes and schools in Berlin<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEgQ\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwEgU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Tagesspiegel\" title=\"Der Tagesspiegel\" id=\"mwEgY\">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170712125538/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEgc\">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEgg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEgk\">13 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&amp;rft.atitle=Ramadan+in+Fl%C3%BCchtlingsheimen+und+Schulen+in+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2016-06-06&amp;rft.aulast=Berger&amp;rft.aufirst=Melanie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2Fmuslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin%2F13696160.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt484\" id=\"mwEgo\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt484\" id=\"mwEgs\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-118\" id=\"cite_note-118\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"117\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEgw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-118\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEg0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEg4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-118\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt487\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEg8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Schupelius\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Gunnar\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"28 May 2015\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Wird der Islam künftig die stärkste Religion in Berlin sein?\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/kolumne/wird-der-islam-kuenftig-die-staerkste-religion-in-berlin-sein\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berliner Zeitung]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 June 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 June 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170603092248/https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/kolumne/wird-der-islam-kuenftig-die-staerkste-religion-in-berlin-sein\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFSchupelius2015\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt487\">Schupelius, Gunnar (28 May 2015). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/kolumne/wird-der-islam-kuenftig-die-staerkste-religion-in-berlin-sein\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEhA\">\"Wird der Islam künftig die stärkste Religion in Berlin sein?\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEhE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berliner_Zeitung\" title=\"Berliner Zeitung\" id=\"mwEhI\">Berliner Zeitung</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170603092248/https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/kolumne/wird-der-islam-kuenftig-die-staerkste-religion-in-berlin-sein\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEhM\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEhQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEhU\">13 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Berliner+Zeitung&amp;rft.atitle=Wird+der+Islam+k%C3%BCnftig+die+st%C3%A4rkste+Religion+in+Berlin+sein%3F&amp;rft.date=2015-05-28&amp;rft.aulast=Schupelius&amp;rft.aufirst=Gunnar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bz-berlin.de%2Fberlin%2Fkolumne%2Fwird-der-islam-kuenftig-die-staerkste-religion-in-berlin-sein&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt487\" id=\"mwEhY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-119\" id=\"cite_note-119\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"118\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEhc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-119\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEhg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEhk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-119\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt490\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEho\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/11/01/germany-jewish-community-now-thrives/fcPnmnfpbLQ0hM1A6zDyNN/story.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"In Germany, a Jewish community now thrives\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Mike\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Ross\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1 November 2014\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[The Boston Globe]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 December 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161222235631/https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/11/01/germany-jewish-community-now-thrives/fcPnmnfpbLQ0hM1A6zDyNN/story.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFRoss2014\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt490\">Ross, Mike (1 November 2014). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/11/01/germany-jewish-community-now-thrives/fcPnmnfpbLQ0hM1A6zDyNN/story.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEhs\">\"In Germany, a Jewish community now thrives\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEhw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Boston_Globe\" title=\"The Boston Globe\" id=\"mwEh0\">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161222235631/https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/11/01/germany-jewish-community-now-thrives/fcPnmnfpbLQ0hM1A6zDyNN/story.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEh4\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEh8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEiA\">19 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&amp;rft.atitle=In+Germany%2C+a+Jewish+community+now+thrives&amp;rft.date=2014-11-01&amp;rft.aulast=Ross&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fopinion%2F2014%2F11%2F01%2Fgermany-jewish-community-now-thrives%2FfcPnmnfpbLQ0hM1A6zDyNN%2Fstory.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt490\" id=\"mwEiE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-120\" id=\"cite_note-120\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"119\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEiI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-120\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEiM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEiQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-120\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt494\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEiU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.selk-berlin.de/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Lutheran Diocese Berlin-Brandenburg\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Selbständige Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080328152944/https://www.selk-berlin.de/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 March 2008\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt494\" id=\"mwEiY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080328152944/https://www.selk-berlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEic\">\"Lutheran Diocese Berlin-Brandenburg\"</a>. Selbständige Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.selk-berlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEig\">the original</a> on 28 March 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEik\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEio\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Lutheran+Diocese+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.pub=Selbst%C3%A4ndige+Evangelisch-Lutherische+Kirche&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.selk-berlin.de%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt494\" id=\"mwEis\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-121\" id=\"cite_note-121\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"120\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEiw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-121\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEi0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEi4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-121\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt497\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEi8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-mosques/g-17572423\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s mosques\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[Deutsche Welle]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 November 2018\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 November 2018\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181111093250/https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-mosques/g-17572423\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt497\" id=\"mwEjA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-mosques/g-17572423\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEjE\">\"Berlin's mosques\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deutsche_Welle\" title=\"Deutsche Welle\" id=\"mwEjI\">Deutsche Welle</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181111093250/https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-mosques/g-17572423\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEjM\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEjQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEjU\">11 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%27s+mosques&amp;rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlins-mosques%2Fg-17572423&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt497\" id=\"mwEjY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-122\" id=\"cite_note-122\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"121\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEjc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-122\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEjg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEjk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-122\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt500\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEjo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-juedische-gotteshaeuser-vor-der-pogromnacht-1938-untergang-einer-religioesen-vielfalt/9052966.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlins jüdische Gotteshäuser vor der Pogromnacht 1938: Untergang einer religiösen Vielfalt\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s jewish places of worship before the Pogromnacht 1938: Decline of a religious diversity\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"10 November 2013\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 November 2018\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[Der Tagesspiegel]]\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"quote\":{\"wt\":\"Von den weit mehr als 100 jüdischen Gotteshäusern sind gerade einmal zehn übrig geblieben. (in English: Of the far more than 100 synagogues, only ten are left.)\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Keller\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Claudia\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 November 2018\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181111093246/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-juedische-gotteshaeuser-vor-der-pogromnacht-1938-untergang-einer-religioesen-vielfalt/9052966.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFKeller2013\" class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt500\">Keller, Claudia (10 November 2013). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-juedische-gotteshaeuser-vor-der-pogromnacht-1938-untergang-einer-religioesen-vielfalt/9052966.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEjs\">\"Berlins jüdische Gotteshäuser vor der Pogromnacht 1938: Untergang einer religiösen Vielfalt\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEjw\">[</span>Berlin's jewish places of worship before the Pogromnacht 1938: Decline of a religious diversity<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEj0\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwEj4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Tagesspiegel\" title=\"Der Tagesspiegel\" id=\"mwEj8\">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181111093246/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-juedische-gotteshaeuser-vor-der-pogromnacht-1938-untergang-einer-religioesen-vielfalt/9052966.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEkA\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEkE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEkI\">11 November</span> 2018</span>. <q id=\"mwEkM\">Von den weit mehr als 100 jüdischen Gotteshäusern sind gerade einmal zehn übrig geblieben. (in English: Of the far more than 100 synagogues, only ten are left.)</q></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&amp;rft.atitle=Berlins+j%C3%BCdische+Gottesh%C3%A4user+vor+der+Pogromnacht+1938%3A+Untergang+einer+religi%C3%B6sen+Vielfalt&amp;rft.date=2013-11-10&amp;rft.aulast=Keller&amp;rft.aufirst=Claudia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2Fberlins-juedische-gotteshaeuser-vor-der-pogromnacht-1938-untergang-einer-religioesen-vielfalt%2F9052966.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt500\" id=\"mwEkQ\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt500\" id=\"mwEkU\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-123\" id=\"cite_note-123\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"122\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEkY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-123\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEkc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEkg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-123\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt506\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEkk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1 November 2016\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Verfassung von Berlin – Abschnitt IV: Die Regierung\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/regierender-buergermeister/verfassung/artikel.41527.php\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 October 2020\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"www.berlin.de\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 October 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201008025644/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/regierender-buergermeister/verfassung/artikel.41527.php\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt506\" id=\"mwEko\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/regierender-buergermeister/verfassung/artikel.41527.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEks\">\"Verfassung von Berlin – Abschnitt IV: Die Regierung\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEkw\">www.berlin.de</i> (in German). 1 November 2016. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201008025644/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/regierender-buergermeister/verfassung/artikel.41527.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEk0\">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEk4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEk8\">2 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Verfassung+von+Berlin+%E2%80%93+Abschnitt+IV%3A+Die+Regierung&amp;rft.date=2016-11-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Frbmskzl%2Fregierender-buergermeister%2Fverfassung%2Fartikel.41527.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt506\" id=\"mwElA\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt506\" id=\"mwElE\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-124\" id=\"cite_note-124\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"123\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwElI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-124\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwElM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwElQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-124\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt509\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwElU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/berliner-haushalt-finanzsenator-bleibt-trotz-sprudelnder-steuereinnahmen-vorsichtig-24702234\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Haushalt Finanzsenator bleibt trotz sprudelnder Steuereinnahmen vorsichtig\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Zeitung\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 September 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 February 2022\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131248/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/sport-leidenschaft/berliner-haushalt-finanzsenator-kollatz-ahnen-bleibt-trotz-sprudelnder-steuereinnahmen-vorsichtig-li.6132?pid=true\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt509\" id=\"mwElY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/berliner-haushalt-finanzsenator-bleibt-trotz-sprudelnder-steuereinnahmen-vorsichtig-24702234\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwElc\">\"Berliner Haushalt Finanzsenator bleibt trotz sprudelnder Steuereinnahmen vorsichtig\"</a>. <i id=\"mwElg\">Berliner Zeitung</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131248/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/sport-leidenschaft/berliner-haushalt-finanzsenator-kollatz-ahnen-bleibt-trotz-sprudelnder-steuereinnahmen-vorsichtig-li.6132?pid=true\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwElk\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwElo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEls\">20 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Berliner+Zeitung&amp;rft.atitle=Berliner+Haushalt+Finanzsenator+bleibt+trotz+sprudelnder+Steuereinnahmen+vorsichtig&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berliner-zeitung.de%2Fberlin%2Fberliner-haushalt-finanzsenator-bleibt-trotz-sprudelnder-steuereinnahmen-vorsichtig-24702234&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt509\" id=\"mwElw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-125\" id=\"cite_note-125\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"124\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEl0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-125\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEl4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEl8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-125\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt512\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEmA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 September 2019\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Vermögen\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Assets\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/de-plain/vermoegen/artikel.92737.de-plain.php\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"18 May 2017\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin.de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 September 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190928151604/https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/de-plain/vermoegen/artikel.92737.de-plain.php\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt512\" id=\"mwEmE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/de-plain/vermoegen/artikel.92737.de-plain.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEmI\">\"Vermögen\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEmM\">[</span>Assets<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEmQ\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwEmU\">Berlin.de</i>. 18 May 2017. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190928151604/https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/de-plain/vermoegen/artikel.92737.de-plain.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEmY\">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEmc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEmg\">28 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Verm%C3%B6gen&amp;rft.date=2017-05-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsen%2Ffinanzen%2Fde-plain%2Fvermoegen%2Fartikel.92737.de-plain.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt512\" id=\"mwEmk\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-126\" id=\"cite_note-126\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"125\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEmo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-126\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEms\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEmw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-126\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt515\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEm0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 September 2019\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Beteiligungen des Landes Berlin\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Holdings of the State of Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/vermoegen/beteiligungen/artikel.7208.php\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"5 September 2019\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berlin.de]]\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 December 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20191219070001/https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/vermoegen/beteiligungen/artikel.7208.php\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt515\" id=\"mwEm4\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/vermoegen/beteiligungen/artikel.7208.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEm8\">\"Beteiligungen des Landes Berlin\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEnA\">[</span>Holdings of the State of Berlin<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEnE\">]</span>. <i id=\"mwEnI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin.de\" title=\"Berlin.de\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEnM\">Berlin.de</a></i> (in German). 5 September 2019. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20191219070001/https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/vermoegen/beteiligungen/artikel.7208.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEnQ\">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEnU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEnY\">28 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Beteiligungen+des+Landes+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2019-09-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsen%2Ffinanzen%2Fvermoegen%2Fbeteiligungen%2Fartikel.7208.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt515\" id=\"mwEnc\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt515\" id=\"mwEng\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-127\" id=\"cite_note-127\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"126\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEnk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-127\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEno\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEns\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-127\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt518\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEnw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/immoportal/en/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Real Estate Portal of the Berlin Business Location Center\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 December 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 December 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20231210091833/https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/immoportal/en/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt518\" id=\"mwEn0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/immoportal/en/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEn4\">\"Real Estate Portal of the Berlin Business Location Center\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20231210091833/https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/immoportal/en/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEn8\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEoA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEoE\">10 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Real+Estate+Portal+of+the+Berlin+Business+Location+Center&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesslocationcenter.de%2Fimmoportal%2Fen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt518\" id=\"mwEoI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-128\" id=\"cite_note-128\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"127\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEoM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-128\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEoQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEoU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-128\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt521\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEoY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin.de/produkte/Faltblatt_Brochure/berlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin state election, 2006\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Der Landeswahlleiter für Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 August 2008\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161037/https://www.statistik-berlin.de/produkte/Faltblatt_Brochure/berlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 March 2012\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt521\" id=\"mwEoc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161037/https://www.statistik-berlin.de/produkte/Faltblatt_Brochure/berlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEog\">\"Berlin state election, 2006\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEok\">(PDF)</span>. <i id=\"mwEoo\">Der Landeswahlleiter für Berlin</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin.de/produkte/Faltblatt_Brochure/berlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEos\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEow\">(PDF)</span> on 23 March 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEo0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEo4\">17 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Landeswahlleiter+f%C3%BCr+Berlin&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+state+election%2C+2006&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin.de%2Fprodukte%2FFaltblatt_Brochure%2Fberlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt521\" id=\"mwEo8\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt521\" id=\"mwEpA\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023-129\" id=\"cite_note-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023-129\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"128\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEpE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023_129-0\" id=\"mwEpI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEpM\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023_129-1\" id=\"mwEpQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEpU\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Kai_Wegner_zum_Regierenden_Bürgermeister_von_Berlin_gewählt-2023-129\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt524\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEpY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Kai Wegner zum Regierenden Bürgermeister von Berlin gewählt – neuer Senat im Amt\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"27 April 2023\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2023/pressemitteilung.1318344.php\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 June 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 May 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230504125317/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2023/pressemitteilung.1318344.php\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt524\" id=\"mwEpc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2023/pressemitteilung.1318344.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEpg\">\"Kai Wegner zum Regierenden Bürgermeister von Berlin gewählt – neuer Senat im Amt\"</a>. 27 April 2023. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230504125317/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2023/pressemitteilung.1318344.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEpk\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEpo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEps\">19 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Kai+Wegner+zum+Regierenden+B%C3%BCrgermeister+von+Berlin+gew%C3%A4hlt+%E2%80%93+neuer+Senat+im+Amt&amp;rft.date=2023-04-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Frbmskzl%2Faktuelles%2Fpressemitteilungen%2F2023%2Fpressemitteilung.1318344.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt524\" id=\"mwEpw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-130\" id=\"cite_note-130\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"129\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEp0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-130\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEp4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEp8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-130\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt528\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEqA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Marsh\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Sarah\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Rinke\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Andreas\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Marsh\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"Sarah\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin gets first conservative mayor in more than two decades\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/berlin-gets-first-conservative-mayor-more-than-two-decades-2023-04-27/\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"Reuters\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"27 April 2023\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230818074258/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/berlin-gets-first-conservative-mayor-more-than-two-decades-2023-04-27/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFMarshRinkeMarsh2023\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt528\">Marsh, Sarah; Rinke, Andreas; Marsh, Sarah (27 April 2023). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/berlin-gets-first-conservative-mayor-more-than-two-decades-2023-04-27/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEqE\">\"Berlin gets first conservative mayor in more than two decades\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEqI\">Reuters</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230818074258/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/berlin-gets-first-conservative-mayor-more-than-two-decades-2023-04-27/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEqM\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEqQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEqU\">18 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+gets+first+conservative+mayor+in+more+than+two+decades&amp;rft.date=2023-04-27&amp;rft.aulast=Marsh&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft.au=Rinke%2C+Andreas&amp;rft.au=Marsh%2C+Sarah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fberlin-gets-first-conservative-mayor-more-than-two-decades-2023-04-27%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt528\" id=\"mwEqY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-131\" id=\"cite_note-131\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"130\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEqc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-131\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEqg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEqk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-131\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt534\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEqo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Stadtteile - Ortsteile A-Z\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/special/stadtteile/ortsteile-a-z/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt534\" id=\"mwEqs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/special/stadtteile/ortsteile-a-z/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEqw\">\"Stadtteile - Ortsteile A-Z\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEq0\">Berlin.de</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEq4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEq8\">19 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Stadtteile+-+Ortsteile+A-Z&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fspecial%2Fstadtteile%2Fortsteile-a-z%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt534\" id=\"mwErA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-132\" id=\"cite_note-132\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"131\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwErE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-132\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwErI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwErM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-132\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt537\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwErQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin’s political structure\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/the-senate/political-structure/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt537\" id=\"mwErU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/the-senate/political-structure/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwErY\">\"Berlin's political structure\"</a>. <i id=\"mwErc\">Berlin.de</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwErg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwErk\">19 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%E2%80%99s+political+structure&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Frbmskzl%2Fen%2Fthe-senate%2Fpolitical-structure%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt537\" id=\"mwEro\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-133\" id=\"cite_note-133\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"132\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwErs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-133\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwErw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEr0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-133\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt542\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEr4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"City Partnerships\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Governing Mayor of Berlin, Senate Chancellery, Directorate for Protocol and International Relations\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 February 2021\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"5 February 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210205104217/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt542\" id=\"mwEr8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEsA\">\"City Partnerships\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEsE\">Berlin.de</i>. Governing Mayor of Berlin, Senate Chancellery, Directorate for Protocol and International Relations. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210205104217/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEsI\">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEsM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEsQ\">8 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=City+Partnerships&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Frbmskzl%2Fen%2Finternational-relations%2Fcity-partnerships%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt542\" id=\"mwEsU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-134\" id=\"cite_note-134\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"133\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEsY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-134\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEsc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEsg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-134\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt545\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEsk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bundespraesident.de/DE/Home/home_node.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bundespräsident Horst Köhler\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Bundespraesident.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 March 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200323221516/https://www.bundespraesident.de/DE/Home/home_node.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt545\" id=\"mwEso\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bundespraesident.de/DE/Home/home_node.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEss\">\"Bundespräsident Horst Köhler\"</a> (in German). Bundespraesident.de. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200323221516/https://www.bundespraesident.de/DE/Home/home_node.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEsw\">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEs0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEs4\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bundespr%C3%A4sident+Horst+K%C3%B6hler&amp;rft.pub=Bundespraesident.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundespraesident.de%2FDE%2FHome%2Fhome_node.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt545\" id=\"mwEs8\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt545\" id=\"mwEtA\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-135\" id=\"cite_note-135\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"134\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEtE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-135\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEtI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEtM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-135\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt548\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEtQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/11213/a188132.htm\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Gesetz über die Feststellung des Bundeshaushaltsplans für das Haushaltsjahr 2014\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"buzer.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 September 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 July 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160713104953/https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/11213/a188132.htm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt548\" id=\"mwEtU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/11213/a188132.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEtY\">\"Gesetz über die Feststellung des Bundeshaushaltsplans für das Haushaltsjahr 2014\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEtc\">buzer.de</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160713104953/https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/11213/a188132.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEtg\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEtk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEto\">20 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=buzer.de&amp;rft.atitle=Gesetz+%C3%BCber+die+Feststellung+des+Bundeshaushaltsplans+f%C3%BCr+das+Haushaltsjahr+2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzer.de%2Fgesetz%2F11213%2Fa188132.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt548\" id=\"mwEts\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-136\" id=\"cite_note-136\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"135\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEtw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-136\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEt0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEt4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-136\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt551\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEt8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bundeshaushalt digital - Bundeshaushalt -\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bundeshaushalt.de/DE/Bundeshaushalt-digital/bundeshaushalt-digital.html\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2026-08-18\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Bundeshaushalt\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt551\" id=\"mwEuA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bundeshaushalt.de/DE/Bundeshaushalt-digital/bundeshaushalt-digital.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEuE\">\"Bundeshaushalt digital - Bundeshaushalt -\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEuI\">Bundeshaushalt</i> (in German)<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEuM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEuQ\">18 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Bundeshaushalt&amp;rft.atitle=Bundeshaushalt+digital+-+Bundeshaushalt+-&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeshaushalt.de%2FDE%2FBundeshaushalt-digital%2Fbundeshaushalt-digital.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt551\" id=\"mwEuU\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt551\" id=\"mwEuY\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-137\" id=\"cite_note-137\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"136\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEuc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-137\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEug\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEuk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-137\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt554\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEuo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/der-regierungsumzug-ist-ueberfaellig-li.6130\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Der Regierungsumzug ist überfällig\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Zeitung\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"26 October 2010\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 November 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034346/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/der-regierungsumzug-ist-ueberfaellig,10810590,10751012.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt554\" id=\"mwEus\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/der-regierungsumzug-ist-ueberfaellig-li.6130\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEuw\">\"Der Regierungsumzug ist überfällig\"</a> (in German). Berliner Zeitung. 26 October 2010. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034346/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/der-regierungsumzug-ist-ueberfaellig,10810590,10751012.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEu0\">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEu4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEu8\">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Der+Regierungsumzug+ist+%C3%BCberf%C3%A4llig&amp;rft.pub=Berliner+Zeitung&amp;rft.date=2010-10-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berliner-zeitung.de%2Fder-regierungsumzug-ist-ueberfaellig-li.6130&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt554\" id=\"mwEvA\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt554\" id=\"mwEvE\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-138\" id=\"cite_note-138\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"137\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEvI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-138\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEvM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEvQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-138\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt557\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEvU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.embassypages.com/germany\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Germany – Embassies and Consulates\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"embassypages.com\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 August 2014\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 March 2014\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140326142148/https://www.embassypages.com/germany\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt557\" id=\"mwEvY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.embassypages.com/germany\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEvc\">\"Germany – Embassies and Consulates\"</a>. <i id=\"mwEvg\">embassypages.com</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140326142148/https://www.embassypages.com/germany\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEvk\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEvo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEvs\">23 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=embassypages.com&amp;rft.atitle=Germany+%E2%80%93+Embassies+and+Consulates&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embassypages.com%2Fgermany&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt557\" id=\"mwEvw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-139\" id=\"cite_note-139\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"138\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEv0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-139\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEv4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEv8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-139\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt562\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEwA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"30 March 2026\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Wirtschaftsleistung wächst weiter\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Economic output continues to grow\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/presse/2026/45-bruttoinlandsprodukt-2025-berlin/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt562\" id=\"mwEwE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/presse/2026/45-bruttoinlandsprodukt-2025-berlin/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEwI\">\"Wirtschaftsleistung wächst weiter\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEwM\">[</span>Economic output continues to grow<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEwQ\">]</span> (in German). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. 30 March 2026<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEwU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEwY\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wirtschaftsleistung+w%C3%A4chst+weiter&amp;rft.pub=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.date=2026-03-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2Fpresse%2F2026%2F45-bruttoinlandsprodukt-2025-berlin%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt562\" id=\"mwEwc\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt562\" id=\"mwEwg\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-140\" id=\"cite_note-140\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"139\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEwk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-140\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEwo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEws\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-140\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt565\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEww\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Arbeitslosigkeit in Berlin\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Unemployment in Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/wirtschaft/konjunktur-und-statistik/wirtschaftsdaten/arbeitslosigkeit/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Senate Department for Economics, Energy and Public Enterprises\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt565\" id=\"mwEw0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/wirtschaft/konjunktur-und-statistik/wirtschaftsdaten/arbeitslosigkeit/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEw4\">\"Arbeitslosigkeit in Berlin\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwEw8\">[</span>Unemployment in Berlin<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwExA\">]</span> (in German). Senate Department for Economics, Energy and Public Enterprises<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwExE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwExI\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Arbeitslosigkeit+in+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Senate+Department+for+Economics%2C+Energy+and+Public+Enterprises&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsen%2Fwirtschaft%2Fkonjunktur-und-statistik%2Fwirtschaftsdaten%2Farbeitslosigkeit%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt565\" id=\"mwExM\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt565\" id=\"mwExQ\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-141\" id=\"cite_note-141\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"140\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwExU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-141\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwExY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwExc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-141\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt568\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwExg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Poor but sexy\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"The Economist\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"21 September 2006\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 June 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080622201720/https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt568\" id=\"mwExk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwExo\">\"Poor but sexy\"</a>. <i id=\"mwExs\">The Economist</i>. 21 September 2006. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080622201720/https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwExw\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEx0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEx4\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Economist&amp;rft.atitle=Poor+but+sexy&amp;rft.date=2006-09-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2FdisplayStory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D7953479&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt568\" id=\"mwEx8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-berlin.de-142\" id=\"cite_note-berlin.de-142\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"141\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEyA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-berlin.de_142-0\" id=\"mwEyE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEyI\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-berlin.de_142-1\" id=\"mwEyM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEyQ\">2</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-berlin.de_142-2\" id=\"mwEyU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEyY\">3</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-berlin.de_142-3\" id=\"mwEyc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEyg\">4</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-berlin.de_142-4\" id=\"mwEyk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEyo\">5</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-berlin.de_142-5\" id=\"mwEys\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEyw\">6</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-berlin.de_142-6\" id=\"mwEy0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEy4\">7</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-berlin.de-142\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt571\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEy8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Die kleine Berlin Statistik\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 August 2014\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 July 2014\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt571\" id=\"mwEzA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEzE\">\"Die kleine Berlin Statistik\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEzI\">(PDF)</span>. <i id=\"mwEzM\">berlin.de</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEzQ\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwEzU\">(PDF)</span> on 14 July 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwEzY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwEzc\">26 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Die+kleine+Berlin+Statistik&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2Fprodukte%2Fkleinestatistik%2FAP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt571\" id=\"mwEzg\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-143\" id=\"cite_note-143\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"142\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwEzk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-143\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwEzo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwEzs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-143\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt574\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEzw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Morgenpost\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 January 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"16 January 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170116150546/https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt574\" id=\"mwEz0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEz4\">\"Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins\"</a>. Berliner Morgenpost. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170116150546/https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEz8\">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE0A\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE0E\">13 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Immer+mehr+Konzerne+suchen+den+Spirit+Berlins&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.morgenpost.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Farticle208628997%2FImmer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt574\" id=\"mwE0I\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-144\" id=\"cite_note-144\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"143\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE0M\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-144\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE0Q\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE0U\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-144\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt577\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE0Y\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Adlershof: Facts and Figures\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Adlershof\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 January 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 January 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170117042743/https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt577\" id=\"mwE0c\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE0g\">\"The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE0k\">Berlin Adlershof: Facts and Figures</i>. Adlershof. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170117042743/https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE0o\">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE0s\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE0w\">13 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin+Adlershof%3A+Facts+and+Figures&amp;rft.atitle=The+Science+and+Technology+Park+Berlin-Adlershof&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adlershof.de%2Fen%2Ffacts-figures%2Fadlershof-in-numbers%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt577\" id=\"mwE00\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-145\" id=\"cite_note-145\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"144\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE04\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-145\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE08\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE1A\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-145\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt580\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE1E\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Global Cities Investment Monitor 2012\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"KPMG\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 August 2014\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 November 2013\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131102003006/https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt580\" id=\"mwE1I\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE1M\">\"Global Cities Investment Monitor 2012\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE1Q\">(PDF)</span>. KPMG. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131102003006/https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE1U\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE1Y\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 November 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE1c\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE1g\">28 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Global+Cities+Investment+Monitor+2012&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpmg.com%2FFR%2Ffr%2FIssuesAndInsights%2FNews%2FDocuments%2FGPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt580\" id=\"mwE1k\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Fortune-146\" id=\"cite_note-Fortune-146\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"145\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE1o\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Fortune_146-0\" id=\"mwE1s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE1w\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Fortune_146-1\" id=\"mwE10\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE14\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Fortune-146\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt594\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE18\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Global 500 2023\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"Fortune\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 December 2023\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"subscription\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"16 January 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230116163740/https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt594\" id=\"mwE2A\"><span class=\"id-lock-subscription\" title=\"Paid subscription required\" id=\"mwE2E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE2I\">\"Global 500 2023\"</a></span>. <i id=\"mwE2M\">Fortune</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230116163740/https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE2Q\">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE2U\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE2Y\">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fortune&amp;rft.atitle=Global+500+2023&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Franking%2Fglobal500%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt594\" id=\"mwE2c\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-147\" id=\"cite_note-147\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"146\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE2g\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-147\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE2k\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE2o\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-147\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt587\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE2s\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/03/berlin-poor-sexy-silicon-valley-microsoft-google\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s &apos;poor but sexy&apos; appeal turning city into European Silicon Valley\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"The Guardian\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"3 January 2014\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 September 2014\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 October 2014\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144623/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/03/berlin-poor-sexy-silicon-valley-microsoft-google\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt587\" id=\"mwE2w\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/03/berlin-poor-sexy-silicon-valley-microsoft-google\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE20\">\"Berlin's 'poor but sexy' appeal turning city into European Silicon Valley\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE24\">The Guardian</i>. 3 January 2014. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144623/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/03/berlin-poor-sexy-silicon-valley-microsoft-google\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE28\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE3A\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE3E\">6 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%27s+%27poor+but+sexy%27+appeal+turning+city+into+European+Silicon+Valley&amp;rft.date=2014-01-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2014%2Fjan%2F03%2Fberlin-poor-sexy-silicon-valley-microsoft-google&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt587\" id=\"mwE3I\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-148\" id=\"cite_note-148\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"147\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE3M\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-148\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE3Q\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE3U\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-148\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt590\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE3Y\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Frost\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Simon\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin outranks London in start-up investment\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.euractiv.com/sections/innovation-industry/berlin-outranks-london-start-investment-317140\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"euractiv.com\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"28 August 2015\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 October 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 November 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151106224621/https://www.euractiv.com/sections/innovation-industry/berlin-outranks-london-start-investment-317140\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFFrost2015\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt590\">Frost, Simon (28 August 2015). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.euractiv.com/sections/innovation-industry/berlin-outranks-london-start-investment-317140\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE3c\">\"Berlin outranks London in start-up investment\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE3g\">euractiv.com</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151106224621/https://www.euractiv.com/sections/innovation-industry/berlin-outranks-london-start-investment-317140\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE3k\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE3o\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE3s\">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=euractiv.com&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+outranks+London+in+start-up+investment&amp;rft.date=2015-08-28&amp;rft.aulast=Frost&amp;rft.aufirst=Simon&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsections%2Finnovation-industry%2Fberlin-outranks-london-start-investment-317140&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt590\" id=\"mwE3w\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-149\" id=\"cite_note-149\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"148\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE30\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-149\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE34\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE38\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-149\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt597\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE4A\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2015\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s Economy in Figures\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.ihk-berlin.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/3178106/8435c9f495d401cf57c9109e458e8580/berlin-s-economy-in-figures-2015-1--data.pdf\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 April 2021\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"IHK Berlin\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 April 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210427222910/https://www.ihk-berlin.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/3178106/8435c9f495d401cf57c9109e458e8580/berlin-s-economy-in-figures-2015-1--data.pdf\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt597\" id=\"mwE4E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ihk-berlin.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/3178106/8435c9f495d401cf57c9109e458e8580/berlin-s-economy-in-figures-2015-1--data.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE4I\">\"Berlin's Economy in Figures\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE4M\">(PDF)</span>. <i id=\"mwE4Q\">IHK Berlin</i>. 2015. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210427222910/https://www.ihk-berlin.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/3178106/8435c9f495d401cf57c9109e458e8580/berlin-s-economy-in-figures-2015-1--data.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE4U\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE4Y\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 April 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE4c\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE4g\">27 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IHK+Berlin&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%27s+Economy+in+Figures&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihk-berlin.de%2Fblueprint%2Fservlet%2Fresource%2Fblob%2F3178106%2F8435c9f495d401cf57c9109e458e8580%2Fberlin-s-economy-in-figures-2015-1--data.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt597\" id=\"mwE4k\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-150\" id=\"cite_note-150\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"149\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE4o\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-150\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE4s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE4w\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-150\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt601\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE40\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/group/group__affairs/schenker__frankfurt__20100714.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"DB Schenker to concentrate control functions in Frankfurt am Main\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 June 2011\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100922063223/https://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/group/group__affairs/schenker__frankfurt__20100714.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 September 2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt601\" id=\"mwE44\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100922063223/https://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/group/group__affairs/schenker__frankfurt__20100714.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE48\">\"DB Schenker to concentrate control functions in Frankfurt am Main\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/group/group__affairs/schenker__frankfurt__20100714.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE5A\">the original</a> on 22 September 2010<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE5E\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE5I\">6 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DB+Schenker+to+concentrate+control+functions+in+Frankfurt+am+Main&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschebahn.com%2Fsite%2Fbahn%2Fen%2Fgroup%2Fgroup__affairs%2Fschenker__frankfurt__20100714.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt601\" id=\"mwE5M\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-151\" id=\"cite_note-151\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"150\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE5Q\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-151\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE5U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE5Y\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-151\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt604\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE5c\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-07/axel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A German Publisher Is Winning the Internet\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"Bloomberg.com\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"7 August 2018\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 September 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200902072725/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-07/axel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt604\" id=\"mwE5g\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-07/axel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE5k\">\"A German Publisher Is Winning the Internet\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE5o\">Bloomberg.com</i>. 7 August 2018. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200902072725/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-07/axel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE5s\">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE5w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE50\">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&amp;rft.atitle=A+German+Publisher+Is+Winning+the+Internet&amp;rft.date=2018-08-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-08-07%2Faxel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt604\" id=\"mwE54\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-152\" id=\"cite_note-152\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"151\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE58\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-152\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE6A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE6E\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-152\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt607\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE6I\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bvr.de/press/facts_and_figures\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Press – Facts and figures – BVR – National Association of German Cooperative Banks\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 January 2024\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 January 2024\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240108213602/https://www.bvr.de/press/facts_and_figures\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt607\" id=\"mwE6M\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bvr.de/press/facts_and_figures\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE6Q\">\"Press – Facts and figures – BVR – National Association of German Cooperative Banks\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240108213602/https://www.bvr.de/press/facts_and_figures\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE6U\">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE6Y\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE6c\">8 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Press+%E2%80%93+Facts+and+figures+%E2%80%93+BVR+%E2%80%93+National+Association+of+German+Cooperative+Banks&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bvr.de%2Fpress%2Ffacts_and_figures&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt607\" id=\"mwE6g\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-153\" id=\"cite_note-153\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"152\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE6k\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-153\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE6o\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE6s\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-153\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt610\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE6w\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.die-bank.de/fileadmin/images/top100/diebank_07-2019_Top-100.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"TOP 100 der deutschen Kreditwirtschaft\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"die-bank.de\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 February 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210225005847/https://www.die-bank.de/fileadmin/images/top100/diebank_07-2019_Top-100.pdf\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt610\" id=\"mwE60\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.die-bank.de/fileadmin/images/top100/diebank_07-2019_Top-100.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE64\">\"TOP 100 der deutschen Kreditwirtschaft\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE68\">(PDF)</span>. <i id=\"mwE7A\">die-bank.de</i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210225005847/https://www.die-bank.de/fileadmin/images/top100/diebank_07-2019_Top-100.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE7E\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE7I\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE7M\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE7Q\">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=die-bank.de&amp;rft.atitle=TOP+100+der+deutschen+Kreditwirtschaft&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-bank.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fimages%2Ftop100%2Fdiebank_07-2019_Top-100.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt610\" id=\"mwE7U\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt610\" id=\"mwE7Y\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-154\" id=\"cite_note-154\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"153\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE7c\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-154\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE7g\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE7k\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-154\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt613\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE7o\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bayer.com/en/german-sites.aspx\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bayer Worldwide: Activities and Directions to the German Sites\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"bayer.com\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 June 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200611020108/https://www.bayer.com/en/german-sites.aspx\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt613\" id=\"mwE7s\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bayer.com/en/german-sites.aspx\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE7w\">\"Bayer Worldwide: Activities and Directions to the German Sites\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE70\">bayer.com</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200611020108/https://www.bayer.com/en/german-sites.aspx\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE74\">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE78\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE8A\">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=bayer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Bayer+Worldwide%3A+Activities+and+Directions+to+the+German+Sites&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayer.com%2Fen%2Fgerman-sites.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt613\" id=\"mwE8E\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-visitBerlin-155\" id=\"cite_note-visitBerlin-155\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"154\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE8I\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-visitBerlin_155-0\" id=\"mwE8M\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE8Q\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-visitBerlin_155-1\" id=\"mwE8U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE8Y\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-visitBerlin-155\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt618\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE8c\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://press.visitberlin.de/en/news-release/berlin-welcomes-record-numbers-of-tourists-and-convention-participants-in-2014-287-mill\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Welcomes Record Numbers of Tourists and Convention Participants in 2014\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"visitBerlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"5 March 2015\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150305115925/https://press.visitberlin.de/en/news-release/berlin-welcomes-record-numbers-of-tourists-and-convention-participants-in-2014-287-mill\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"5 March 2015\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt618\" id=\"mwE8g\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150305115925/https://press.visitberlin.de/en/news-release/berlin-welcomes-record-numbers-of-tourists-and-convention-participants-in-2014-287-mill\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE8k\">\"Berlin Welcomes Record Numbers of Tourists and Convention Participants in 2014\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE8o\">visitBerlin</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://press.visitberlin.de/en/news-release/berlin-welcomes-record-numbers-of-tourists-and-convention-participants-in-2014-287-mill\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE8s\">the original</a> on 5 March 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE8w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE80\">5 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=visitBerlin&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+Welcomes+Record+Numbers+of+Tourists+and+Convention+Participants+in+2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.visitberlin.de%2Fen%2Fnews-release%2Fberlin-welcomes-record-numbers-of-tourists-and-convention-participants-in-2014-287-mill&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt618\" id=\"mwE84\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-156\" id=\"cite_note-156\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"155\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE88\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-156\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE9A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE9E\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-156\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt622\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE9I\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://about.visitberlin.de/en/press/press-releases/tourism-annual-review-2025-berlin-maintains-its-leading-position-europe\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Tourism annual review 2025: Berlin maintains its leading position in Europe\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"visitBerlin\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"18 February 2026\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2026-05-01\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt622\" id=\"mwE9M\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://about.visitberlin.de/en/press/press-releases/tourism-annual-review-2025-berlin-maintains-its-leading-position-europe\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE9Q\">\"Tourism annual review 2025: Berlin maintains its leading position in Europe\"</a>. visitBerlin. 18 February 2026<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE9U\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE9Y\">1 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tourism+annual+review+2025%3A+Berlin+maintains+its+leading+position+in+Europe&amp;rft.pub=visitBerlin&amp;rft.date=2026-02-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.visitberlin.de%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fpress-releases%2Ftourism-annual-review-2025-berlin-maintains-its-leading-position-europe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt622\" id=\"mwE9c\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-157\" id=\"cite_note-157\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"156\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE9g\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-157\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE9k\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE9o\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-157\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt625\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE9s\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.c-mw.net/berlin-no-1-city-germany-no-2-country-new-icca-rankings/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin No.1 city and Germany No.2 country in new ICCA rankings\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"C-MW.net\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"12 January 2017\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 January 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"16 January 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170116152841/https://www.c-mw.net/berlin-no-1-city-germany-no-2-country-new-icca-rankings/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt625\" id=\"mwE9w\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.c-mw.net/berlin-no-1-city-germany-no-2-country-new-icca-rankings/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE90\">\"Berlin No.1 city and Germany No.2 country in new ICCA rankings\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE94\">C-MW.net</i>. 12 January 2017. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170116152841/https://www.c-mw.net/berlin-no-1-city-germany-no-2-country-new-icca-rankings/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE98\">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE-A\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE-E\">13 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=C-MW.net&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+No.1+city+and+Germany+No.2+country+in+new+ICCA+rankings&amp;rft.date=2017-01-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-mw.net%2Fberlin-no-1-city-germany-no-2-country-new-icca-rankings%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt625\" id=\"mwE-I\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-158\" id=\"cite_note-158\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"157\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE-M\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-158\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE-Q\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE-U\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-158\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt629\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE-Y\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/tape.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Magnetic Recording History Pictures\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"History Department at the University of San Diego\"},\"archiveurl\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080509130422/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/tape.html\"},\"archivedate\":{\"wt\":\"9 May 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFHistory_Department_at_the_University_of_San_Diego\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt629\">History Department at the University of San Diego. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080509130422/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/tape.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE-c\">\"Magnetic Recording History Pictures\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/tape.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE-g\">the original</a> on 9 May 2008.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnetic+Recording+History+Pictures&amp;rft.au=History+Department+at+the+University+of+San+Diego&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.sandiego.edu%2Fgen%2Frecording%2Ftape.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt629\" id=\"mwE-k\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-159\" id=\"cite_note-159\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"158\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE-o\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-159\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE-s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE-w\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-159\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt632\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE-0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/aeg-magnetophone-recorder-090106/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"1935 AEG Magnetophon Tape Recorder\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1 September 2006\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"[[Mix (magazine)|Mix]]\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Penton Media Inc\"},\"accessdate\":{\"wt\":\"18 June 2010\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archiveurl\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130208162634/http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/aeg-magnetophone-recorder-090106/\"},\"archivedate\":{\"wt\":\"8 February 2013\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt632\" id=\"mwE-4\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130208162634/http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/aeg-magnetophone-recorder-090106/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE-8\">\"1935 AEG Magnetophon Tape Recorder\"</a>. <i id=\"mwE_A\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mix_(magazine)\" title=\"Mix (magazine)\" id=\"mwE_E\">Mix</a></i>. Penton Media Inc. 1 September 2006. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/aeg-magnetophone-recorder-090106/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE_I\">the original</a> on 8 February 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE_M\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE_Q\">18 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mix&amp;rft.atitle=1935+AEG+Magnetophon+Tape+Recorder&amp;rft.date=2006-09-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmixonline.com%2FTECnology-Hall-of-Fame%2Faeg-magnetophone-recorder-090106%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt632\" id=\"mwE_U\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-160\" id=\"cite_note-160\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"159\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwE_Y\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-160\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwE_c\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwE_g\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-160\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt635\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwE_k\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.richardhess.com/tape/history/Engel_Hammar--Magnetic_Tape_History.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A Selected History of Magnetic Recording\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Engel\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Friedrich Karl\"},\"author2\":{\"wt\":\"Peter Hammar\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"27 August 2006\"},\"accessdate\":{\"wt\":\"18 June 2010\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 May 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210524211321/https://www.richardhess.com/tape/history/Engel_Hammar--Magnetic_Tape_History.pdf\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFEngelPeter_Hammar2006\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt635\">Engel, Friedrich Karl; Peter Hammar (27 August 2006). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.richardhess.com/tape/history/Engel_Hammar--Magnetic_Tape_History.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE_o\">\"A Selected History of Magnetic Recording\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE_s\">(PDF)</span>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210524211321/https://www.richardhess.com/tape/history/Engel_Hammar--Magnetic_Tape_History.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwE_w\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwE_0\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 May 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwE_4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwE_8\">18 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Selected+History+of+Magnetic+Recording&amp;rft.date=2006-08-27&amp;rft.aulast=Engel&amp;rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Karl&amp;rft.au=Peter+Hammar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richardhess.com%2Ftape%2Fhistory%2FEngel_Hammar--Magnetic_Tape_History.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt635\" id=\"mwFAA\"></span><br id=\"mwFAE\"/>A brief history of magnetic tape from the BASF Historian and the founding curator of the Ampex museum.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-161\" id=\"cite_note-161\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"160\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFAI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-161\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFAM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFAQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-161\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt638\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFAU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.vonardenne.biz/ja/company/history/manfred-von-ardenne/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Manfred von Ardenne\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 January 2024\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 March 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070250/https://www.vonardenne.biz/ja/company/history/manfred-von-ardenne/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt638\" id=\"mwFAY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.vonardenne.biz/ja/company/history/manfred-von-ardenne/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFAc\">\"Manfred von Ardenne\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070250/https://www.vonardenne.biz/ja/company/history/manfred-von-ardenne/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFAg\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFAk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFAo\">8 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Manfred+von+Ardenne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vonardenne.biz%2Fja%2Fcompany%2Fhistory%2Fmanfred-von-ardenne%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt638\" id=\"mwFAs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-162\" id=\"cite_note-162\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"161\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFAw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-162\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFA0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFA4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-162\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt641\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFA8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Following the Followers of Fashion\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies-markets/following-the-followers-of-fashion-683735\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Handelsblatt Global\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 January 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 January 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170118155242/https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies-markets/following-the-followers-of-fashion-683735\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt641\" id=\"mwFBA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies-markets/following-the-followers-of-fashion-683735\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFBE\">\"Following the Followers of Fashion\"</a>. Handelsblatt Global. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170118155242/https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies-markets/following-the-followers-of-fashion-683735\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFBI\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFBM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFBQ\">21 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Following+the+Followers+of+Fashion&amp;rft.pub=Handelsblatt+Global&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.handelsblatt.com%2Fcompanies-markets%2Ffollowing-the-followers-of-fashion-683735&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt641\" id=\"mwFBU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-163\" id=\"cite_note-163\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"162\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFBY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-163\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFBc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFBg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-163\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt648\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFBk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.ottomar-anschuetz.de/kino_1__vorfuehrung.htm\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Ottomar Anschütz, Kinogeschichte, lebender Bilder, Kino, erste-Kinovorführung, Kinovorführung, Projektion, Kinoe, Bewegungsbilder\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt648\" id=\"mwFBo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ottomar-anschuetz.de/kino_1__vorfuehrung.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFBs\">\"Ottomar Anschütz, Kinogeschichte, lebender Bilder, Kino, erste-Kinovorführung, Kinovorführung, Projektion, Kinoe, Bewegungsbilder\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ottomar+Ansch%C3%BCtz%2C+Kinogeschichte%2C+lebender+Bilder%2C+Kino%2C+erste-Kinovorf%C3%BChrung%2C+Kinovorf%C3%BChrung%2C+Projektion%2C+Kinoe%2C+Bewegungsbilder&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ottomar-anschuetz.de%2Fkino_1__vorfuehrung.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt648\" id=\"mwFBw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-164\" id=\"cite_note-164\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"163\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFB0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-164\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFB4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFB8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-164\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt651\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFCA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite magazine \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_magazine\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-04-12/berlin-cracks-the-startup-code\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Cracks the Startup Code\"},\"magazine\":{\"wt\":\"Businessweek\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"12 April 2012\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 February 2013\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 January 2013\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130130130708/https://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-04-12/berlin-cracks-the-startup-code\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation magazine cs1\" about=\"#mwt651\" id=\"mwFCE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130130130708/https://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-04-12/berlin-cracks-the-startup-code\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFCI\">\"Berlin Cracks the Startup Code\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFCM\">Businessweek</i>. 12 April 2012. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-04-12/berlin-cracks-the-startup-code\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFCQ\">the original</a> on 30 January 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFCU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFCY\">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Businessweek&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+Cracks+the+Startup+Code&amp;rft.date=2012-04-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Farticles%2F2012-04-12%2Fberlin-cracks-the-startup-code&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt651\" id=\"mwFCc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-165\" id=\"cite_note-165\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"164\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFCg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-165\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFCk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFCo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-165\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt654\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFCs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.creative-city-berlin.de/en/good-to-know/facts-figures/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Culture and Creative Industries Index Berlin-Brandenburg 2015\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Creative City Berlin\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"7 June 2015\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 January 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 January 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160123121709/https://www.creative-city-berlin.de/en/good-to-know/facts-figures/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt654\" id=\"mwFCw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.creative-city-berlin.de/en/good-to-know/facts-figures/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFC0\">\"Culture and Creative Industries Index Berlin-Brandenburg 2015\"</a>. Creative City Berlin. 7 June 2015. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160123121709/https://www.creative-city-berlin.de/en/good-to-know/facts-figures/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFC4\">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFC8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFDA\">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Culture+and+Creative+Industries+Index+Berlin-Brandenburg+2015&amp;rft.pub=Creative+City+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2015-06-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.creative-city-berlin.de%2Fen%2Fgood-to-know%2Ffacts-figures%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt654\" id=\"mwFDE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-166\" id=\"cite_note-166\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"165\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFDI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-166\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFDM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFDQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-166\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt657\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFDU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/walltowall-culture/2007/11/09/1194329483873.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Wall-to-wall culture\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The Age\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Australia\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"10 November 2007\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 November 2007\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 December 2007\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071213082441/https://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/walltowall-culture/2007/11/09/1194329483873.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt657\" id=\"mwFDY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/walltowall-culture/2007/11/09/1194329483873.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFDc\">\"Wall-to-wall culture\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFDg\">The Age</i>. Australia. 10 November 2007. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071213082441/https://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/walltowall-culture/2007/11/09/1194329483873.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFDk\">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFDo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFDs\">30 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Age&amp;rft.atitle=Wall-to-wall+culture&amp;rft.date=2007-11-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Farts%2Fwalltowall-culture%2F2007%2F11%2F09%2F1194329483873.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt657\" id=\"mwFDw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-167\" id=\"cite_note-167\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"166\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFD0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-167\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFD4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFD8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-167\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt665\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFEA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.medienboard.de/WebObjects/Medienboard.woa/wa/CMSshow/2809830\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Media Companies in Berlin and Potsdam\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"medienboard\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130602163244/https://www.medienboard.de/WebObjects/Medienboard.woa/wa/CMSshow/2809830\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 June 2013\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt665\" id=\"mwFEE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130602163244/https://www.medienboard.de/WebObjects/Medienboard.woa/wa/CMSshow/2809830\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFEI\">\"Media Companies in Berlin and Potsdam\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFEM\">medienboard</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.medienboard.de/WebObjects/Medienboard.woa/wa/CMSshow/2809830\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFEQ\">the original</a> on 2 June 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFEU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFEY\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=medienboard&amp;rft.atitle=Media+Companies+in+Berlin+and+Potsdam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medienboard.de%2FWebObjects%2FMedienboard.woa%2Fwa%2FCMSshow%2F2809830&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt665\" id=\"mwFEc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-168\" id=\"cite_note-168\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"167\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFEg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-168\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFEk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFEo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-168\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt669\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFEs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite report \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_report\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/reports/qol2023/2023_quality_life_european_cities_en.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Report on the quality of life in European cities, 2023\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2023\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"European Commission, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.2776/830208\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Luxembourg\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"11, 14, 46\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-92-68-07782-5\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 August 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation report cs1\" about=\"#mwt669\" id=\"mwFEw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/reports/qol2023/2023_quality_life_european_cities_en.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFE0\">Report on the quality of life in European cities, 2023</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFE4\">(PDF)</span> (Report). Luxembourg: European Commission, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy. 2023. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFE8\"> </span>11, 14, 46. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwFFA\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.2776%2F830208\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFFE\">10.2776/830208</a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwFFI\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFFM\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-92-68-07782-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-92-68-07782-5\" id=\"mwFFQ\"><bdi id=\"mwFFU\">978-92-68-07782-5</bdi></a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFFY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFFc\">10 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Report+on+the+quality+of+life+in+European+cities%2C+2023&amp;rft.place=Luxembourg&amp;rft.pages=11%2C+14%2C+46&amp;rft.pub=European+Commission%2C+Directorate-General+for+Regional+and+Urban+Policy&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2776%2F830208&amp;rft.isbn=978-92-68-07782-5&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fregional_policy%2Fsources%2Freports%2Fqol2023%2F2023_quality_life_european_cities_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt669\" id=\"mwFFg\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-169\" id=\"cite_note-169\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"168\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFFk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-169\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFFo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFFs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-169\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt672\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFFw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite report \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_report\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/pdf/GPCI2025_summary.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Global Power City Index 2025 Summary\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2025\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Institute for Urban Strategies, Mori Memorial Foundation\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"2, 14\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 August 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation report cs1\" about=\"#mwt672\" id=\"mwFF0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/pdf/GPCI2025_summary.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFF4\">Global Power City Index 2025 Summary</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFF8\">(PDF)</span> (Report). Institute for Urban Strategies, Mori Memorial Foundation. 2025. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFGA\"> </span>2, 14<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFGE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFGI\">10 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Global+Power+City+Index+2025+Summary&amp;rft.pages=2%2C+14&amp;rft.pub=Institute+for+Urban+Strategies%2C+Mori+Memorial+Foundation&amp;rft.date=2025&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mori-m-foundation.or.jp%2Fpdf%2FGPCI2025_summary.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt672\" id=\"mwFGM\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-170\" id=\"cite_note-170\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"169\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFGQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-170\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFGU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFGY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-170\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt675\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFGc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite report \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_report\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/soziales/service/sozialberichterstattung/260414-senasgiva-sozialbericht-2025-dina4.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin in Zahlen: Sozialbericht 2025\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin in figures: Social Report 2025\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"16 April 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Senatsverwaltung für Arbeit, Soziales, Gleichstellung, Integration, Vielfalt und Antidiskriminierung\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"12–13, 95\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 August 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt675\" id=\"mwFGg\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/soziales/service/sozialberichterstattung/260414-senasgiva-sozialbericht-2025-dina4.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFGk\">Berlin in Zahlen: Sozialbericht 2025</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFGo\">[</span>Berlin in figures: Social Report 2025<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFGs\">]</span> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFGw\">(PDF)</span> (Report) (in German). Senatsverwaltung für Arbeit, Soziales, Gleichstellung, Integration, Vielfalt und Antidiskriminierung. 16 April 2026. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFG0\"> </span><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFG4\">12–</span>13, 95<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFG8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFHA\">10 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+in+Zahlen%3A+Sozialbericht+2025&amp;rft.pages=12-13%2C+95&amp;rft.pub=Senatsverwaltung+f%C3%BCr+Arbeit%2C+Soziales%2C+Gleichstellung%2C+Integration%2C+Vielfalt+und+Antidiskriminierung&amp;rft.date=2026-04-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsen%2Fsoziales%2Fservice%2Fsozialberichterstattung%2F260414-senasgiva-sozialbericht-2025-dina4.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt675\" id=\"mwFHE\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt675\" id=\"mwFHI\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-171\" id=\"cite_note-171\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"170\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFHM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-171\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFHQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFHU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-171\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt680\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFHY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"30 October 2018\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"What happened to Berlin&apos;s ghost airport?\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20181030-what-happened-to-berlins-ghost-airport\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 August 2026\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"BBC Worklife\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt680\" id=\"mwFHc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20181030-what-happened-to-berlins-ghost-airport\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFHg\">\"What happened to Berlin's ghost airport?\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFHk\">BBC Worklife</i>. 30 October 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFHo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFHs\">12 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Worklife&amp;rft.atitle=What+happened+to+Berlin%27s+ghost+airport%3F&amp;rft.date=2018-10-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fworklife%2Farticle%2F20181030-what-happened-to-berlins-ghost-airport&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt680\" id=\"mwFHw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-172\" id=\"cite_note-172\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"171\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFH0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-172\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFH4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFH8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-172\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt683\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFIA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"30 October 2020\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Brandenburg Airport BER takes off\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/ber-opens-1806626\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Federal Government of Germany\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt683\" id=\"mwFIE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/ber-opens-1806626\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFII\">\"Berlin Brandenburg Airport BER takes off\"</a>. Federal Government of Germany. 30 October 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFIM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFIQ\">12 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Brandenburg+Airport+BER+takes+off&amp;rft.pub=Federal+Government+of+Germany&amp;rft.date=2020-10-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesregierung.de%2Fbreg-en%2Fservice%2Farchive%2Fber-opens-1806626&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt683\" id=\"mwFIU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-173\" id=\"cite_note-173\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"172\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFIY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-173\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFIc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFIg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-173\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt686\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFIk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Brandenburg Airport\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://corporate.berlin-airport.de/en/company-media/berlin-brandenburg-airport.html\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt686\" id=\"mwFIo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://corporate.berlin-airport.de/en/company-media/berlin-brandenburg-airport.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFIs\">\"Berlin Brandenburg Airport\"</a>. Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFIw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFI0\">12 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Brandenburg+Airport&amp;rft.pub=Flughafen+Berlin+Brandenburg+GmbH&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.berlin-airport.de%2Fen%2Fcompany-media%2Fberlin-brandenburg-airport.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt686\" id=\"mwFI4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-174\" id=\"cite_note-174\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"173\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFI8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-174\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFJA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFJE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-174\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt689\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFJI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"BLZ\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2020-01-23\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Gericht weist weitere Klage gegen BER-Erweiterung ab&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/article/gericht-weist-weitere-klage-gegen-ber-erweiterung-ab-5486\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2026-08-12\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner Zeitung\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFBLZ2020\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt689\">BLZ (23 January 2020). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/article/gericht-weist-weitere-klage-gegen-ber-erweiterung-ab-5486\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFJM\">\"Gericht weist weitere Klage gegen BER-Erweiterung ab<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFJQ\"> </span> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFJU\"> </span>\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFJY\">Berliner Zeitung</i> (in German)<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFJc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFJg\">12 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berliner+Zeitung&amp;rft.atitle=Gericht+weist+weitere+Klage+gegen+BER-Erweiterung+ab+&amp;rft.date=2020-01-23&amp;rft.au=BLZ&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berliner-zeitung.de%2Farticle%2Fgericht-weist-weitere-klage-gegen-ber-erweiterung-ab-5486&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt689\" id=\"mwFJk\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt689\" id=\"mwFJo\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-175\" id=\"cite_note-175\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"174\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFJs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-175\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFJw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFJ0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-175\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt692\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFJ4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"12 December 2025\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Even faster to BER: Five times an hour in 23 minutes from Hauptbahnhof to BER\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://corporate.berlin-airport.de/en/company-media/media-portal/pressemitteilungen/2025-12-12-bahnanbindung-ber.html\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt692\" id=\"mwFJ8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://corporate.berlin-airport.de/en/company-media/media-portal/pressemitteilungen/2025-12-12-bahnanbindung-ber.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFKA\">\"Even faster to BER: Five times an hour in 23 minutes from Hauptbahnhof to BER\"</a>. Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH. 12 December 2025<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFKE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFKI\">12 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Even+faster+to+BER%3A+Five+times+an+hour+in+23+minutes+from+Hauptbahnhof+to+BER&amp;rft.pub=Flughafen+Berlin+Brandenburg+GmbH&amp;rft.date=2025-12-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.berlin-airport.de%2Fen%2Fcompany-media%2Fmedia-portal%2Fpressemitteilungen%2F2025-12-12-bahnanbindung-ber.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt692\" id=\"mwFKM\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-176\" id=\"cite_note-176\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"175\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFKQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-176\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFKU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFKY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-176\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt695\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFKc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"23 June 2025\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Park Tempelhofer Feld\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/en/parks-and-gardens/3561883-4407152-park-tempelhofer-feld.en.html\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"State of Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt695\" id=\"mwFKg\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/en/parks-and-gardens/3561883-4407152-park-tempelhofer-feld.en.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFKk\">\"Park Tempelhofer Feld\"</a>. State of Berlin. 23 June 2025<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFKo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFKs\">12 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Park+Tempelhofer+Feld&amp;rft.pub=State+of+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2025-06-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fen%2Fparks-and-gardens%2F3561883-4407152-park-tempelhofer-feld.en.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt695\" id=\"mwFKw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-177\" id=\"cite_note-177\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"176\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFK0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-177\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFK4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFK8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-177\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt698\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFLA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/en/business-location/business-location/infrastructure/transport-infrastructure/passenger-and-freight-service\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Mobile capital\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Business Location Center\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2011\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 February 2016\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160414050459/https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/en/business-location/business-location/infrastructure/transport-infrastructure/passenger-and-freight-service\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 April 2016\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt698\" id=\"mwFLE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160414050459/https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/en/business-location/business-location/infrastructure/transport-infrastructure/passenger-and-freight-service\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFLI\">\"Mobile capital\"</a>. Business Location Center. 2011. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/en/business-location/business-location/infrastructure/transport-infrastructure/passenger-and-freight-service\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFLM\">the original</a> on 14 April 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFLQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFLU\">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mobile+capital&amp;rft.pub=Business+Location+Center&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesslocationcenter.de%2Fen%2Fbusiness-location%2Fbusiness-location%2Finfrastructure%2Ftransport-infrastructure%2Fpassenger-and-freight-service&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt698\" id=\"mwFLY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg-178\" id=\"cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg-178\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"177\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFLc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg_178-0\" id=\"mwFLg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFLk\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg_178-1\" id=\"mwFLo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFLs\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Amt_für_Statistik_Berlin_Brandenburg-178\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt702\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFLw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/BasisZeitreiheGrafik/Bas-Strassenverkehr.asp?Ptyp=300&amp;Sageb=46002&amp;creg=BBB&amp;anzwer=6\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Straßenverkehr 2013\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 March 2015\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133316/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/BasisZeitreiheGrafik/Bas-Strassenverkehr.asp?Ptyp=300&amp;Sageb=46002&amp;creg=BBB&amp;anzwer=6\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 April 2015\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt702\" id=\"mwFL0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133316/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/BasisZeitreiheGrafik/Bas-Strassenverkehr.asp?Ptyp=300&amp;Sageb=46002&amp;creg=BBB&amp;anzwer=6\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFL4\">\"Straßenverkehr 2013\"</a> (in German). Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/BasisZeitreiheGrafik/Bas-Strassenverkehr.asp?Ptyp=300&amp;Sageb=46002&amp;creg=BBB&amp;anzwer=6\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFL8\">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFMA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFME\">28 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Stra%C3%9Fenverkehr+2013&amp;rft.pub=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin+Brandenburg&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2FBasisZeitreiheGrafik%2FBas-Strassenverkehr.asp%3FPtyp%3D300%26Sageb%3D46002%26creg%3DBBB%26anzwer%3D6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt702\" id=\"mwFMI\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt702\" id=\"mwFMM\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-179\" id=\"cite_note-179\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"178\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFMQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-179\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFMU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFMY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-179\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt705\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFMc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.euromonitor.com/article/top-developed-world-cities-with-low-reliance-on-car-based-mobility\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Top Developed World Cities with Low Reliance on Car-Based Mobility\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Euromonitor International\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"31 August 2015\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 February 2023\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 February 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230223102951/https://www.euromonitor.com/article/top-developed-world-cities-with-low-reliance-on-car-based-mobility\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt705\" id=\"mwFMg\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230223102951/https://www.euromonitor.com/article/top-developed-world-cities-with-low-reliance-on-car-based-mobility\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFMk\">\"Top Developed World Cities with Low Reliance on Car-Based Mobility\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFMo\">Euromonitor International</i>. 31 August 2015. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.euromonitor.com/article/top-developed-world-cities-with-low-reliance-on-car-based-mobility\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFMs\">the original</a> on 23 February 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFMw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFM0\">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Euromonitor+International&amp;rft.atitle=Top+Developed+World+Cities+with+Low+Reliance+on+Car-Based+Mobility&amp;rft.date=2015-08-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euromonitor.com%2Farticle%2Ftop-developed-world-cities-with-low-reliance-on-car-based-mobility&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt705\" id=\"mwFM4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-180\" id=\"cite_note-180\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"179\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFM8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-180\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFNA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFNE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-180\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt708\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFNI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://berliner-hbf.de/bahnhof_berlin_hbf_daten_und_fakten.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bahnhof Berlin Hbf Daten und Fakten\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[Berlin Hauptbahnhof]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 February 2016\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 January 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160115155518/https://berliner-hbf.de/bahnhof_berlin_hbf_daten_und_fakten.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt708\" id=\"mwFNM\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160115155518/https://berliner-hbf.de/bahnhof_berlin_hbf_daten_und_fakten.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFNQ\">\"Bahnhof Berlin Hbf Daten und Fakten\"</a> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Hauptbahnhof\" title=\"Berlin Hauptbahnhof\" id=\"mwFNU\">Berlin Hauptbahnhof</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://berliner-hbf.de/bahnhof_berlin_hbf_daten_und_fakten.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFNY\">the original</a> on 15 January 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFNc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFNg\">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bahnhof+Berlin+Hbf+Daten+und+Fakten&amp;rft.pub=Berlin+Hauptbahnhof&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberliner-hbf.de%2Fbahnhof_berlin_hbf_daten_und_fakten.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt708\" id=\"mwFNk\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt708\" id=\"mwFNo\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-181\" id=\"cite_note-181\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"180\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFNs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-181\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFNw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFN0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-181\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt711\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFN4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.morgenpost.de/bezirke/mitte/article231791147/Wie-der-Westhafen-Berlins-Gueterverkehr-in-die-Zukunft-bringt.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Wie der Westhafen Berlins Güterverkehr in die Zukunft bringt\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"morgenpost.de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"14 March 2021\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 September 2021\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"German\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 September 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210904114311/https://www.morgenpost.de/bezirke/mitte/article231791147/Wie-der-Westhafen-Berlins-Gueterverkehr-in-die-Zukunft-bringt.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Latz\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Christian\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFLatz2021\" class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt711\">Latz, Christian (14 March 2021). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.morgenpost.de/bezirke/mitte/article231791147/Wie-der-Westhafen-Berlins-Gueterverkehr-in-die-Zukunft-bringt.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFN8\">\"Wie der Westhafen Berlins Güterverkehr in die Zukunft bringt\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFOA\">morgenpost.de</i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210904114311/https://www.morgenpost.de/bezirke/mitte/article231791147/Wie-der-Westhafen-Berlins-Gueterverkehr-in-die-Zukunft-bringt.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFOE\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFOI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFOM\">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=morgenpost.de&amp;rft.atitle=Wie+der+Westhafen+Berlins+G%C3%BCterverkehr+in+die+Zukunft+bringt&amp;rft.date=2021-03-14&amp;rft.aulast=Latz&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.morgenpost.de%2Fbezirke%2Fmitte%2Farticle231791147%2FWie-der-Westhafen-Berlins-Gueterverkehr-in-die-Zukunft-bringt.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt711\" id=\"mwFOQ\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt711\" id=\"mwFOU\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-182\" id=\"cite_note-182\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"181\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFOY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-182\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFOc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFOg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-182\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt714\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFOk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/berlin\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin: Stations\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Travelinho.com\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 December 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 December 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171203013756/https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/berlin\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt714\" id=\"mwFOo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171203013756/https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/berlin\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFOs\">\"Berlin: Stations\"</a>. Travelinho.com. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/berlin\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFOw\">the original</a> on 3 December 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFO0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFO4\">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%3A+Stations&amp;rft.pub=Travelinho.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelinho.com%2Fen%2Ftravel%2Fberlin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt714\" id=\"mwFO8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-183\" id=\"cite_note-183\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"182\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFPA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-183\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFPE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFPI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-183\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt718\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFPM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2015_be.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Die kleine Berlin-Statistik 2015\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 February 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 March 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160315083836/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2015_be.pdf\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt718\" id=\"mwFPQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2015_be.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFPU\">\"Die kleine Berlin-Statistik 2015\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFPY\">(PDF)</span> (in German). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160315083836/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2015_be.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFPc\">Archived</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFPg\">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 March 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFPk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFPo\">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Die+kleine+Berlin-Statistik+2015&amp;rft.pub=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2Fprodukte%2Fkleinestatistik%2FAP_kleinestatistik_de_2015_be.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt718\" id=\"mwFPs\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt718\" id=\"mwFPw\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-184\" id=\"cite_note-184\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"183\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFP0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-184\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFP4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFP8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-184\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt727\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFQA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Winfried Wolf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, Weltstadt ohne Auto? : Verkehrsgeschichte 1848–2015\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1994\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"ISP\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"3929008742\"},\"edition\":{\"wt\":\"1. Aufl\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Köln\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"33163088\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFWinfried_Wolf1994\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt727\">Winfried Wolf (1994). <i id=\"mwFQE\">Berlin, Weltstadt ohne Auto?<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwFQI\"> </span>: Verkehrsgeschichte 1848–2015</i> (1. Aufl<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFQM\"> </span>ed.). Köln: ISP. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwFQQ\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFQU\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/3929008742\" title=\"Special:BookSources/3929008742\" id=\"mwFQY\"><bdi id=\"mwFQc\">3929008742</bdi></a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./OCLC_(identifier)\" title=\"OCLC (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwFQg\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFQk\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33163088\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFQo\">33163088</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%2C+Weltstadt+ohne+Auto%3F+%3A+Verkehrsgeschichte+1848%E2%80%932015&amp;rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&amp;rft.edition=1.+Aufl&amp;rft.pub=ISP&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33163088&amp;rft.isbn=3929008742&amp;rft.au=Winfried+Wolf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt727\" id=\"mwFQs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-185\" id=\"cite_note-185\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"184\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFQw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-185\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFQ0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFQ4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-185\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt732\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFQ8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/bike_city_berli.php\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bike City Berlin\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Treehugger\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 September 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080921163501/https://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/bike_city_berli.php\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt732\" id=\"mwFRA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/bike_city_berli.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFRE\">\"Bike City Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFRI\">Treehugger</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080921163501/https://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/bike_city_berli.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFRM\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFRQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFRU\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Treehugger&amp;rft.atitle=Bike+City+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treehugger.com%2Ffiles%2F2007%2F07%2Fbike_city_berli.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt732\" id=\"mwFRY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-186\" id=\"cite_note-186\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"185\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFRc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-186\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFRg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFRk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-186\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt735\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFRo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/193840.platz-da-8211-fuer-die-radfahrer.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Platz da! – für die Radfahrer\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Neues Deutschland\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 March 2011\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 March 2011\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110326195118/https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/193840.platz-da-8211-fuer-die-radfahrer.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt735\" id=\"mwFRs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/193840.platz-da-8211-fuer-die-radfahrer.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFRw\">\"Platz da! – für die Radfahrer\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFR0\">Neues Deutschland</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110326195118/https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/193840.platz-da-8211-fuer-die-radfahrer.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFR4\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFR8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFSA\">22 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Neues+Deutschland&amp;rft.atitle=Platz+da%21+%E2%80%93+f%C3%BCr+die+Radfahrer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neues-deutschland.de%2Fartikel%2F193840.platz-da-8211-fuer-die-radfahrer.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt735\" id=\"mwFSE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-187\" id=\"cite_note-187\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"186\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFSI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-187\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFSM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFSQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-187\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt738\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFSU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/politik_planung/zahlen_fakten/download/Mobility_en_komplett.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Traffic in Figures\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Senate Department of Urban Development\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2013\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 February 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160319085713/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/politik_planung/zahlen_fakten/download/Mobility_en_komplett.pdf\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 March 2016\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt738\" id=\"mwFSY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160319085713/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/politik_planung/zahlen_fakten/download/Mobility_en_komplett.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFSc\">\"Berlin Traffic in Figures\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFSg\">(PDF)</span>. <i id=\"mwFSk\">Senate Department of Urban Development</i>. 2013. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/politik_planung/zahlen_fakten/download/Mobility_en_komplett.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFSo\">the original</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFSs\">(PDF)</span> on 19 March 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFSw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFS0\">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Senate+Department+of+Urban+Development&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+Traffic+in+Figures&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de%2Fverkehr%2Fpolitik_planung%2Fzahlen_fakten%2Fdownload%2FMobility_en_komplett.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt738\" id=\"mwFS4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-188\" id=\"cite_note-188\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"187\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFS8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-188\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFTA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFTE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-188\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt741\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFTI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/mobil/fahrrad/bus_bahn/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Mit dem Fahrrad – In Bussen und Bahnen\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"By Bicycle – In Buses and Trains\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Senate Department of Urban Development\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 June 2010\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 May 2010\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100522101353/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/mobil/fahrrad/bus_bahn/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt741\" id=\"mwFTM\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/mobil/fahrrad/bus_bahn/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFTQ\">\"Mit dem Fahrrad – In Bussen und Bahnen\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFTU\">[</span>By Bicycle – In Buses and Trains<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFTY\">]</span> (in German). Senate Department of Urban Development. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100522101353/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/mobil/fahrrad/bus_bahn/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFTc\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2010<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFTg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFTk\">15 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mit+dem+Fahrrad+%E2%80%93+In+Bussen+und+Bahnen&amp;rft.pub=Senate+Department+of+Urban+Development&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de%2Fverkehr%2Fmobil%2Ffahrrad%2Fbus_bahn%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt741\" id=\"mwFTo\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt741\" id=\"mwFTs\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-189\" id=\"cite_note-189\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"188\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFTw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-189\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFT0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFT4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-189\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt744\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFT8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Taxis in Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.visitberlin.de/en/taxis-berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2024-06-25\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"www.visitberlin.de\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt744\" id=\"mwFUA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.visitberlin.de/en/taxis-berlin\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFUE\">\"Taxis in Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFUI\">www.visitberlin.de</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFUM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFUQ\">25 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.visitberlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Taxis+in+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitberlin.de%2Fen%2Ftaxis-berlin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt744\" id=\"mwFUU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-190\" id=\"cite_note-190\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"189\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFUY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-190\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFUc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFUg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-190\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt747\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFUk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"July 31, 2023\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Yes, There&apos;s Uber in Germany, but…\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The German Way &amp; More • Language and Culture in Austria, Germany and Switzerland\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.german-way.com/yes-theres-uber-in-germany-but/\"},\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"H. F.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFH._F.2023\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt747\">H. F. (31 July 2023). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.german-way.com/yes-theres-uber-in-germany-but/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFUo\">\"Yes, There's Uber in Germany, but…\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFUs\">The German Way &amp; More • Language and Culture in Austria, Germany and Switzerland</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+German+Way+%26+More+%E2%80%A2+Language+and+Culture+in+Austria%2C+Germany+and+Switzerland&amp;rft.atitle=Yes%2C+There%27s+Uber+in+Germany%2C+but%E2%80%A6&amp;rft.date=2023-07-31&amp;rft.au=H.+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.german-way.com%2Fyes-theres-uber-in-germany-but%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt747\" id=\"mwFUw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Berlin-electricity-2024-191\" id=\"cite_note-Berlin-electricity-2024-191\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"190\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFU0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Berlin-electricity-2024_191-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFU4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFU8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Berlin-electricity-2024-191\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt750\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFVA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"5 June 2025\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Mehr als die Hälfte des Stroms aus Erneuerbaren\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/083-2025/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt750\" id=\"mwFVE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/083-2025/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFVI\">\"Mehr als die Hälfte des Stroms aus Erneuerbaren\"</a> (in German). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. 5 June 2025<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFVM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFVQ\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mehr+als+die+H%C3%A4lfte+des+Stroms+aus+Erneuerbaren&amp;rft.pub=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.date=2025-06-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2F083-2025%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt750\" id=\"mwFVU\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt750\" id=\"mwFVY\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-192\" id=\"cite_note-192\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"191\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFVc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-192\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFVg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFVk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-192\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt753\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFVo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"380-kV Berlin diagonal power link\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.50hertz.com/en/Grid/Griddevelopement/Onshoreprojects/380-kVBerlindiagonalpowerlink\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"50Hertz Transmission\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt753\" id=\"mwFVs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.50hertz.com/en/Grid/Griddevelopement/Onshoreprojects/380-kVBerlindiagonalpowerlink\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFVw\">\"380-kV Berlin diagonal power link\"</a>. 50Hertz Transmission<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFV0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFV4\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=380-kV+Berlin+diagonal+power+link&amp;rft.pub=50Hertz+Transmission&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.50hertz.com%2Fen%2FGrid%2FGriddevelopement%2FOnshoreprojects%2F380-kVBerlindiagonalpowerlink&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt753\" id=\"mwFV8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-193\" id=\"cite_note-193\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"192\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFWA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-193\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFWE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFWI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-193\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt756\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFWM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"History\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.stromnetz.berlin/en/about-us/history/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Stromnetz Berlin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt756\" id=\"mwFWQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.stromnetz.berlin/en/about-us/history/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFWU\">\"History\"</a>. Stromnetz Berlin<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFWY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFWc\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History&amp;rft.pub=Stromnetz+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stromnetz.berlin%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt756\" id=\"mwFWg\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-BEW-public-ownership-194\" id=\"cite_note-BEW-public-ownership-194\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"193\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFWk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-BEW-public-ownership_194-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFWo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFWs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-BEW-public-ownership-194\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt759\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFWw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"3 May 2024\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin holt die Wärme nach Hause\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bew.berlin/aktuelles-und-presse/berlin-holt-die-waerme-nach-hause/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt759\" id=\"mwFW0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bew.berlin/aktuelles-und-presse/berlin-holt-die-waerme-nach-hause/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFW4\">\"Berlin holt die Wärme nach Hause\"</a> (in German). BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme. 3 May 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFW8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFXA\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+holt+die+W%C3%A4rme+nach+Hause&amp;rft.pub=BEW+Berliner+Energie+und+W%C3%A4rme&amp;rft.date=2024-05-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bew.berlin%2Faktuelles-und-presse%2Fberlin-holt-die-waerme-nach-hause%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt759\" id=\"mwFXE\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt759\" id=\"mwFXI\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-BEW-generating-facilities-195\" id=\"cite_note-BEW-generating-facilities-195\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"194\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFXM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-BEW-generating-facilities_195-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFXQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFXU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-BEW-generating-facilities-195\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt762\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFXY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Unsere Erzeugungsanlagen in Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bew.berlin/fernwaermesystem/erzeugungsanlagen/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt762\" id=\"mwFXc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bew.berlin/fernwaermesystem/erzeugungsanlagen/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFXg\">\"Unsere Erzeugungsanlagen in Berlin\"</a> (in German). BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFXk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFXo\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Unsere+Erzeugungsanlagen+in+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=BEW+Berliner+Energie+und+W%C3%A4rme&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bew.berlin%2Ffernwaermesystem%2Ferzeugungsanlagen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt762\" id=\"mwFXs\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt762\" id=\"mwFXw\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-196\" id=\"cite_note-196\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"195\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFX0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-196\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFX4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFX8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-196\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt765\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFYA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite report \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_report\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/solarcity/solarcity-berlin/was-ist-der-masterplan-und-wo-stehen-wir/monitoring/260521_solarcity_monitoringbericht_2025_broschuere_a4_final.pdf\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Monitoringbericht 2025: Masterplan Solarcity Berlin\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"May 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Energy and Public Enterprises\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"13\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt765\" id=\"mwFYE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/solarcity/solarcity-berlin/was-ist-der-masterplan-und-wo-stehen-wir/monitoring/260521_solarcity_monitoringbericht_2025_broschuere_a4_final.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFYI\">Monitoringbericht 2025: Masterplan Solarcity Berlin</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"mwFYM\">(PDF)</span> (Report) (in German). Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Energy and Public Enterprises. May 2026. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFYQ\"> </span>13<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFYU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFYY\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Monitoringbericht+2025%3A+Masterplan+Solarcity+Berlin&amp;rft.pages=13&amp;rft.pub=Berlin+Senate+Department+for+Economics%2C+Energy+and+Public+Enterprises&amp;rft.date=2026-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsolarcity%2Fsolarcity-berlin%2Fwas-ist-der-masterplan-und-wo-stehen-wir%2Fmonitoring%2F260521_solarcity_monitoringbericht_2025_broschuere_a4_final.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt765\" id=\"mwFYc\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt765\" id=\"mwFYg\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Berlin-coal-phase-out-197\" id=\"cite_note-Berlin-coal-phase-out-197\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"196\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFYk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Berlin-coal-phase-out_197-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFYo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFYs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Berlin-coal-phase-out-197\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt768\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFYw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Machbarkeitsstudie „Kohleausstieg und nachhaltige Fernwärmeversorgung Berlin 2030“\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/klimaschutz/waermewende/grundlagen-und-analysen/kohleausstieg-berlin/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 August 2026\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"State of Berlin\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt768\" id=\"mwFY0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/klimaschutz/waermewende/grundlagen-und-analysen/kohleausstieg-berlin/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFY4\">\"Machbarkeitsstudie „Kohleausstieg und nachhaltige Fernwärmeversorgung Berlin 2030\"<span class=\"cs1-kern-right\" id=\"mwFY8\"></span>\"</a> (in German). State of Berlin<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFZA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFZE\">9 August</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Machbarkeitsstudie+%E2%80%9EKohleausstieg+und+nachhaltige+Fernw%C3%A4rmeversorgung+Berlin+2030%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.pub=State+of+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fsen%2Fuvk%2Fklimaschutz%2Fwaermewende%2Fgrundlagen-und-analysen%2Fkohleausstieg-berlin%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt768\" id=\"mwFZI\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt768\" id=\"mwFZM\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-198\" id=\"cite_note-198\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"197\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFZQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-198\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFZU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFZY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-198\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt771\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFZc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/magazin/wissen/Elitewettbewerb-Universitaeten;art304,2400973\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin leuchtet\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Anja\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Kühne\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Tilmann\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Warnecke\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Der Tagesspiegel\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"17 October 2007\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 December 2016\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 June 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080622052142/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/magazin/wissen/Elitewettbewerb-Universitaeten;art304,2400973\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFKühneWarnecke2007\" class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt771\">Kühne, Anja; Warnecke, Tilmann (17 October 2007). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/magazin/wissen/Elitewettbewerb-Universitaeten;art304,2400973\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFZg\">\"Berlin leuchtet\"</a> (in German). Der Tagesspiegel. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080622052142/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/magazin/wissen/Elitewettbewerb-Universitaeten;art304,2400973\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFZk\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFZo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFZs\">18 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+leuchtet&amp;rft.date=2007-10-17&amp;rft.aulast=K%C3%BChne&amp;rft.aufirst=Anja&amp;rft.au=Warnecke%2C+Tilmann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fmagazin%2Fwissen%2FElitewettbewerb-Universitaeten%3Bart304%2C2400973&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt771\" id=\"mwFZw\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt771\" id=\"mwFZ0\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-199\" id=\"cite_note-199\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"198\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFZ4\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-199\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFZ8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFaA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-199\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt774\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFaE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/history/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"History of the Charité of Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Charité\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2015\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 February 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 March 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160320005731/https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/history/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt774\" id=\"mwFaI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/history/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFaM\">\"History of the Charité of Berlin\"</a>. Charité. 2015. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160320005731/https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/history/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFaQ\">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFaU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFaY\">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Charit%C3%A9+of+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Charit%C3%A9&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.charite.de%2Fen%2Fthe_charite%2Fabout_us%2Fhistory%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt774\" id=\"mwFac\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-200\" id=\"cite_note-200\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"199\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFag\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-200\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFak\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFao\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-200\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt777\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFas\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCVnOb6VXmg\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Louis Pasteur vs Robert Koch: The History of Germ Theory\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"YouTube\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"26 May 2023\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 January 2024\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 January 2024\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240130055659/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCVnOb6VXmg\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt777\" id=\"mwFaw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCVnOb6VXmg\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFa0\">\"Louis Pasteur vs Robert Koch: The History of Germ Theory\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFa4\">YouTube</i>. 26 May 2023. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240130055659/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCVnOb6VXmg\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFa8\">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFbA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFbE\">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=YouTube&amp;rft.atitle=Louis+Pasteur+vs+Robert+Koch%3A+The+History+of+Germ+Theory&amp;rft.date=2023-05-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXCVnOb6VXmg&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt777\" id=\"mwFbI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin-201\" id=\"cite_note-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin-201\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"200\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFbM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin_201-0\" id=\"mwFbQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFbU\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin_201-1\" id=\"mwFbY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFbc\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Charité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin-201\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt780\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFbg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/facts_figures/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Facts &amp; Figures\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 June 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200622171444/https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/facts_figures/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFCharité_–_Universitätsmedizin_Berlin\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt780\">Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/facts_figures/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFbk\">\"Facts &amp; Figures\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200622171444/https://www.charite.de/en/the_charite/about_us/facts_figures/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFbo\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFbs\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFbw\">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Facts+%26+Figures&amp;rft.au=Charit%C3%A9+%E2%80%93+Universit%C3%A4tsmedizin+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.charite.de%2Fen%2Fthe_charite%2Fabout_us%2Ffacts_figures%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt780\" id=\"mwFb0\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-202\" id=\"cite_note-202\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"201\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFb4\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-202\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFb8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFcA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-202\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt785\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFcE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin.de/en/attractions-and-sights/3561617-3104052-humboldt-university.en.html#:~:text=Humboldt%20University%20at%20Unter%20den,the%20world%27s%20first%20modern%20university\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Humboldt University\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 January 2024\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 January 2024\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240107161351/https://www.berlin.de/en/attractions-and-sights/3561617-3104052-humboldt-university.en.html#:~:text=Humboldt%20University%20at%20Unter%20den,the%20world%27s%20first%20modern%20university\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt785\" id=\"mwFcI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/en/attractions-and-sights/3561617-3104052-humboldt-university.en.html#:~:text=Humboldt%20University%20at%20Unter%20den,the%20world%27s%20first%20modern%20university\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFcM\">\"Humboldt University\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240107161351/https://www.berlin.de/en/attractions-and-sights/3561617-3104052-humboldt-university.en.html#:~:text=Humboldt%20University%20at%20Unter%20den,the%20world%27s%20first%20modern%20university\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFcQ\">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFcU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFcY\">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Humboldt+University&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fen%2Fattractions-and-sights%2F3561617-3104052-humboldt-university.en.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DHumboldt%2520University%2520at%2520Unter%2520den%2Cthe%2520world%2527s%2520first%2520modern%2520university&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt785\" id=\"mwFcc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-203\" id=\"cite_note-203\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"202\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFcg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-203\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFck\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFco\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-203\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt793\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFcs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Jahrgangsstufe Null\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Der Tagesspiegel]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080520234625/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 May 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt793\" id=\"mwFcw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080520234625/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFc0\">\"Jahrgangsstufe Null\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFc4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Der_Tagesspiegel\" title=\"Der Tagesspiegel\" id=\"mwFc8\">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i> (in German). Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFdA\">the original</a> on 20 May 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFdE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFdI\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&amp;rft.atitle=Jahrgangsstufe+Null&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2F%3Bart270%2C2185300&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt793\" id=\"mwFdM\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt793\" id=\"mwFdQ\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-204\" id=\"cite_note-204\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"203\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFdU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-204\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFdY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFdc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-204\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt797\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFdg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Geschichte des Französischen Gymnasiums\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Französisches Gymnasium Lycée Français Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 August 2008\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de, fr\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080615205603/https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 June 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt797\" id=\"mwFdk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080615205603/https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFdo\">\"Geschichte des Französischen Gymnasiums\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFds\">Französisches Gymnasium Lycée Français Berlin</i> (in German and French). Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFdw\">the original</a> on 15 June 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFd0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFd4\">17 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Franz%C3%B6sisches+Gymnasium+Lyc%C3%A9e+Fran%C3%A7ais+Berlin&amp;rft.atitle=Geschichte+des+Franz%C3%B6sischen+Gymnasiums&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fg-berlin.de%2FWebObjects%2FFranzGym.woa%2Fwa%2FCMSshow%2F1064384&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt797\" id=\"mwFd8\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt797\" id=\"mwFeA\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)\" about=\"#mwt797\" id=\"mwFeE\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-205\" id=\"cite_note-205\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"204\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFeI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-205\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFeM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFeQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-205\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt800\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFeU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Latein an Berliner Gymnasien\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"29 March 2013\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 May 2018\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171004133934/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 October 2017\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt800\" id=\"mwFeY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFec\">\"Latein an Berliner Gymnasien\"</a> (in German). 29 March 2013. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171004133934/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFeg\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFek\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFeo\">6 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Latein+an+Berliner+Gymnasien&amp;rft.date=2013-03-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gymnasium-berlin.net%2Flatein&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt800\" id=\"mwFes\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt800\" id=\"mwFew\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-206\" id=\"cite_note-206\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"205\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFe0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-206\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFe4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFe8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-206\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt803\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFfA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Alt-Griechisch an Berliner Gymnasien\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"31 March 2013\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 May 2018\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171012215308/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 October 2017\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt803\" id=\"mwFfE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFfI\">\"Alt-Griechisch an Berliner Gymnasien\"</a> (in German). 31 March 2013. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171012215308/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFfM\">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFfQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFfU\">6 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alt-Griechisch+an+Berliner+Gymnasien&amp;rft.date=2013-03-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gymnasium-berlin.net%2Falt-griechisch&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt803\" id=\"mwFfY\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt803\" id=\"mwFfc\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-207\" id=\"cite_note-207\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"206\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFfg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-207\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFfk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFfo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-207\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt808\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFfs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Metropolis of Sciences\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Partner GmbH\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080424003113/https://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 April 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt808\" id=\"mwFfw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080424003113/https://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFf0\">\"Metropolis of Sciences\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFf4\">Berlin Partner GmbH</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFf8\">the original</a> on 24 April 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFgA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFgE\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Berlin+Partner+GmbH&amp;rft.atitle=Metropolis+of+Sciences&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin-partner.de%2F622%2F%3FL%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt808\" id=\"mwFgI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-208\" id=\"cite_note-208\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"207\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFgM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-208\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFgQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFgU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-208\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt811\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFgY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.focus.de/regional/brandenburg/hochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"HochschulenBerlin mit neuem Studentenrekord\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Focus\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"25 November 2015\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 December 2015\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 April 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160408172817/https://www.focus.de/regional/brandenburg/hochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt811\" id=\"mwFgc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.focus.de/regional/brandenburg/hochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFgg\">\"HochschulenBerlin mit neuem Studentenrekord\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFgk\">Focus</i> (in German). 25 November 2015. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160408172817/https://www.focus.de/regional/brandenburg/hochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFgo\">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFgs\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFgw\">1 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Focus&amp;rft.atitle=HochschulenBerlin+mit+neuem+Studentenrekord&amp;rft.date=2015-11-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.focus.de%2Fregional%2Fbrandenburg%2Fhochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt811\" id=\"mwFg0\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt811\" id=\"mwFg4\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-209\" id=\"cite_note-209\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"208\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFg8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-209\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFhA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFhE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-209\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt814\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFhI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/universitaet/leitbegriffe/zahlen/index.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Facts and Figures\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Free University of Berlin\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"29 November 2010\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 December 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171203075516/https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/universitaet/leitbegriffe/zahlen/index.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFFree_University_of_Berlin2010\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt814\">Free University of Berlin (29 November 2010). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/universitaet/leitbegriffe/zahlen/index.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFhM\">\"Facts and Figures\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171203075516/https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/universitaet/leitbegriffe/zahlen/index.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFhQ\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFhU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFhY\">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Facts+and+Figures&amp;rft.date=2010-11-29&amp;rft.au=Free+University+of+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fu-berlin.de%2Fen%2Funiversitaet%2Fleitbegriffe%2Fzahlen%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt814\" id=\"mwFhc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-210\" id=\"cite_note-210\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"209\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFhg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-210\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFhk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFho\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-210\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt817\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFhs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.hu-berlin.de/en/about/humboldt-universitaet-zu-berlin/facts\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Facts and Figures\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Humboldt University of Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"16 July 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200716113033/https://www.hu-berlin.de/en/about/humboldt-universitaet-zu-berlin/facts\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFHumboldt_University_of_Berlin\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt817\">Humboldt University of Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.hu-berlin.de/en/about/humboldt-universitaet-zu-berlin/facts\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFhw\">\"Facts and Figures\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200716113033/https://www.hu-berlin.de/en/about/humboldt-universitaet-zu-berlin/facts\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFh0\">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFh4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFh8\">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Facts+and+Figures&amp;rft.au=Humboldt+University+of+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hu-berlin.de%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fhumboldt-universitaet-zu-berlin%2Ffacts&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt817\" id=\"mwFiA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-211\" id=\"cite_note-211\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"210\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFiE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-211\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFiI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFiM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-211\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt820\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFiQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/profile/tu-berlin-statistics/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Facts and Figures\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Technische Universität Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 July 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200726214449/https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/profile/tu-berlin-statistics/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFTechnische_Universität_Berlin\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt820\">Technische Universität Berlin. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/profile/tu-berlin-statistics/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFiU\">\"Facts and Figures\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200726214449/https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/profile/tu-berlin-statistics/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFiY\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFic\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFig\">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Facts+and+Figures&amp;rft.au=Technische+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tu.berlin%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fprofile%2Ftu-berlin-statistics%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt820\" id=\"mwFik\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-212\" id=\"cite_note-212\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"211\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFio\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-212\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFis\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFiw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-212\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt824\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFi0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin-university-alliance.de/en/excellence-strategy/index.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Excellence Strategy of the German Government\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin University Alliance\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"12 February 2018\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200627013223/https://www.berlin-university-alliance.de/en/excellence-strategy/index.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFBerlin_University_Alliance2018\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt824\">Berlin University Alliance (12 February 2018). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin-university-alliance.de/en/excellence-strategy/index.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFi4\">\"Excellence Strategy of the German Government\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200627013223/https://www.berlin-university-alliance.de/en/excellence-strategy/index.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFi8\">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFjA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFjE\">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Excellence+Strategy+of+the+German+Government&amp;rft.date=2018-02-12&amp;rft.au=Berlin+University+Alliance&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin-university-alliance.de%2Fen%2Fexcellence-strategy%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt824\" id=\"mwFjI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-213\" id=\"cite_note-213\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"212\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFjM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-213\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFjQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFjU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-213\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt827\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFjY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Excellence Strategy\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"DFG\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 July 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200726202732/https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFDFG\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt827\">DFG. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFjc\">\"Excellence Strategy\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200726202732/https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFjg\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFjk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFjo\">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Excellence+Strategy&amp;rft.au=DFG&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfg.de%2Fsites%2Fexu-karte%2Fen.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt827\" id=\"mwFjs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-214\" id=\"cite_note-214\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"213\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFjw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-214\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFj0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFj4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-214\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt830\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFj8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.udk-berlin.de/en/service/press-communication/figures-and-facts/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Facts and Figures\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin University of the Arts\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 June 2020\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 June 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200628084223/https://www.udk-berlin.de/en/service/press-communication/figures-and-facts/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFBerlin_University_of_the_Arts\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt830\">Berlin University of the Arts. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200628084223/https://www.udk-berlin.de/en/service/press-communication/figures-and-facts/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFkA\">\"Facts and Figures\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.udk-berlin.de/en/service/press-communication/figures-and-facts/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFkE\">the original</a> on 28 June 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFkI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFkM\">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Facts+and+Figures&amp;rft.au=Berlin+University+of+the+Arts&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.udk-berlin.de%2Fen%2Fservice%2Fpress-communication%2Ffigures-and-facts%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt830\" id=\"mwFkQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-215\" id=\"cite_note-215\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"214\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFkU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-215\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFkY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFkc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-215\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt833\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFkg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Ten institutions that dominated science in 2015\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/ten-institutions-that-dominated-science-in-twentyfifteen\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Nature Index\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"20 April 2016\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 April 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 April 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160424082505/https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/ten-institutions-that-dominated-science-in-twentyfifteen\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt833\" id=\"mwFkk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/ten-institutions-that-dominated-science-in-twentyfifteen\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFko\">\"Ten institutions that dominated science in 2015\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFks\">Nature Index</i>. 20 April 2016. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160424082505/https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/ten-institutions-that-dominated-science-in-twentyfifteen\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFkw\">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFk0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFk4\">20 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Index&amp;rft.atitle=Ten+institutions+that+dominated+science+in+2015&amp;rft.date=2016-04-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natureindex.com%2Fnews-blog%2Ften-institutions-that-dominated-science-in-twentyfifteen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt833\" id=\"mwFk8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-216\" id=\"cite_note-216\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"215\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFlA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-216\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFlE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFlI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-216\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt837\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFlM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://eit.europa.eu/home.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"European Institute of Innovation and Technology: Home\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Europa (web portal)\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 June 2010\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100529152704/https://eit.europa.eu/home.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"29 May 2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt837\" id=\"mwFlQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100529152704/https://eit.europa.eu/home.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFlU\">\"European Institute of Innovation and Technology: Home\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFlY\">Europa (web portal)</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://eit.europa.eu/home.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFlc\">the original</a> on 29 May 2010<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFlg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFlk\">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Europa+%28web+portal%29&amp;rft.atitle=European+Institute+of+Innovation+and+Technology%3A+Home&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feit.europa.eu%2Fhome.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt837\" id=\"mwFlo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-217\" id=\"cite_note-217\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"216\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFls\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-217\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFlw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFl0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-217\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt840\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFl4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"EIT ICT Labs – Turn Europe into a global leader in ICT Innovation\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.entrepreneurship.tu-berlin.de/menue/masterprogramme_qualifizierung/eit_ict_labs/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Technische Universität Berlin Center for Entrepreneurship\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 October 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 October 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161026162619/https://www.entrepreneurship.tu-berlin.de/menue/masterprogramme_qualifizierung/eit_ict_labs/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt840\" id=\"mwFl8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161026162619/https://www.entrepreneurship.tu-berlin.de/menue/masterprogramme_qualifizierung/eit_ict_labs/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFmA\">\"EIT ICT Labs – Turn Europe into a global leader in ICT Innovation\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFmE\">Technische Universität Berlin Center for Entrepreneurship</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.entrepreneurship.tu-berlin.de/menue/masterprogramme_qualifizierung/eit_ict_labs/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFmI\">the original</a> on 26 October 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFmM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFmQ\">25 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Technische+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin+Center+for+Entrepreneurship&amp;rft.atitle=EIT+ICT+Labs+%E2%80%93+Turn+Europe+into+a+global+leader+in+ICT+Innovation&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.entrepreneurship.tu-berlin.de%2Fmenue%2Fmasterprogramme_qualifizierung%2Feit_ict_labs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt840\" id=\"mwFmU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-218\" id=\"cite_note-218\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"217\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFmY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-218\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFmc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFmg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-218\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt843\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFmk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Adlershof in Brief\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Adlershof.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 October 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 October 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161010165349/https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt843\" id=\"mwFmo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFms\">\"Adlershof in Brief\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFmw\">Adlershof.de</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161010165349/https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFm0\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFm4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFm8\">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Adlershof.de&amp;rft.atitle=Adlershof+in+Brief&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adlershof.de%2Fen%2Ffacts-figures%2Fadlershof-in-numbers%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt843\" id=\"mwFnA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-UNESCO-2-219\" id=\"cite_note-UNESCO-2-219\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"218\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFnE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UNESCO-2_219-0\" id=\"mwFnI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFnM\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UNESCO-2_219-1\" id=\"mwFnQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFnU\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UNESCO-2-219\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt850\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFnY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[UNESCO]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 August 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080808091530/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt850\" id=\"mwFnc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFng\">\"World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFnk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNESCO\" title=\"UNESCO\" id=\"mwFno\">UNESCO</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080808091530/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFns\">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFnw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFn0\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UNESCO&amp;rft.atitle=World+Heritage+Site+Palaces+and+Parks+of+Potsdam+and+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F532&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt850\" id=\"mwFn4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-220\" id=\"cite_note-220\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"219\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFn8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-220\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFoA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFoE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-220\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt853\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFoI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Hub Culture&apos;s 2009 Zeitgeist Ranking\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Hub Culture\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 April 2009\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090331064158/https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"31 March 2009\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt853\" id=\"mwFoM\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090331064158/https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFoQ\">\"Hub Culture's 2009 Zeitgeist Ranking\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFoU\">Hub Culture</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFoY\">the original</a> on 31 March 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFoc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFog\">30 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hub+Culture&amp;rft.atitle=Hub+Culture%27s+2009+Zeitgeist+Ranking&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hubculture.com%2Fgroups%2Fhubnews%2Fnews%2F162%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt853\" id=\"mwFok\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-221\" id=\"cite_note-221\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"220\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFoo\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-221\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFos\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFow\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-221\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt856\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFo0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.observer.com/node/39370\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A New Williamsburg! Berlin&apos;s Expats Go Bezirk\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Nicholas\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Boston\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[The New York Observer]]\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"10 September 2006\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 September 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080909023258/https://www.observer.com/node/39370\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFBoston2006\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt856\">Boston, Nicholas (10 September 2006). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.observer.com/node/39370\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFo4\">\"A New Williamsburg! Berlin's Expats Go Bezirk\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFo8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_New_York_Observer\" title=\"The New York Observer\" id=\"mwFpA\">The New York Observer</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080909023258/https://www.observer.com/node/39370\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFpE\">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2008<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFpI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFpM\">17 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Observer&amp;rft.atitle=A+New+Williamsburg%21+Berlin%27s+Expats+Go+Bezirk&amp;rft.date=2006-09-10&amp;rft.aulast=Boston&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.observer.com%2Fnode%2F39370&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt856\" id=\"mwFpQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-222\" id=\"cite_note-222\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"221\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFpU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-222\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFpY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFpc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-222\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt859\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFpg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/bueroflaechen/en/friedrichshain.shtml\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070911125347/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/bueroflaechen/en/friedrichshain.shtml\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 September 2007\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s music business booms\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Expatica\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt859\" id=\"mwFpk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070911125347/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/bueroflaechen/en/friedrichshain.shtml\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFpo\">\"Berlin's music business booms\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFps\">Expatica</i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/bueroflaechen/en/friedrichshain.shtml\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFpw\">the original</a> on 11 September 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFp0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFp4\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Expatica&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin%27s+music+business+booms&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de%2Fbauen%2Fbueroflaechen%2Fen%2Ffriedrichshain.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt859\" id=\"mwFp8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-223\" id=\"cite_note-223\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"222\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFqA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-223\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFqE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFqI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-223\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt862\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFqM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://projektzukunft.berlin.de/en/projekt-zukunft/services/international/unesco-creative-cities-network/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Unesco Creative Cities Network\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"projektzukunft.berlin.de\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 October 2018\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 October 2018\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181003221050/https://projektzukunft.berlin.de/en/projekt-zukunft/services/international/unesco-creative-cities-network/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt862\" id=\"mwFqQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://projektzukunft.berlin.de/en/projekt-zukunft/services/international/unesco-creative-cities-network/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFqU\">\"Unesco Creative Cities Network\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFqY\">projektzukunft.berlin.de</i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181003221050/https://projektzukunft.berlin.de/en/projekt-zukunft/services/international/unesco-creative-cities-network/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFqc\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFqg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFqk\">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=projektzukunft.berlin.de&amp;rft.atitle=Unesco+Creative+Cities+Network&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojektzukunft.berlin.de%2Fen%2Fprojekt-zukunft%2Fservices%2Finternational%2Funesco-creative-cities-network%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt862\" id=\"mwFqo\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt862\" id=\"mwFqs\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-UNESCO-2005-224\" id=\"cite_note-UNESCO-2005-224\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"223\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFqw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-UNESCO-2005_224-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFq0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFq4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-UNESCO-2005-224\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt865\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFq8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite press release \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_press_release\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&amp;URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&amp;URL_SECTION=201.html\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110521152413/https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&amp;URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&amp;URL_SECTION=201.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2011-05-21\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin City of Design\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[UNESCO]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 August 2008\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2005\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation pressrelease cs1\" about=\"#mwt865\" id=\"mwFrA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110521152413/https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&amp;URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&amp;URL_SECTION=201.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFrE\">\"Berlin City of Design\"</a> (Press release). <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNESCO\" title=\"UNESCO\" id=\"mwFrI\">UNESCO</a>. 2005. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&amp;URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&amp;URL_SECTION=201.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFrM\">the original</a> on 21 May 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFrQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFrU\">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+City+of+Design&amp;rft.pub=UNESCO&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D29376%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt865\" id=\"mwFrY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-225\" id=\"cite_note-225\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"224\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFrc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-225\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFrg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFrk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-225\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt872\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFro\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://service.zitty.de/kultur-kunst/14539/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Sprung in die Wolken\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Zitty\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2 July 2008\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 August 2008\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120402162248/https://service.zitty.de/kultur-kunst/14539/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 April 2012\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt872\" id=\"mwFrs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120402162248/https://service.zitty.de/kultur-kunst/14539/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFrw\">\"Sprung in die Wolken\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFr0\">Zitty</i> (in German). 2 July 2008. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://service.zitty.de/kultur-kunst/14539/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFr4\">the original</a> on 2 April 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFr8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFsA\">19 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Zitty&amp;rft.atitle=Sprung+in+die+Wolken&amp;rft.date=2008-07-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fservice.zitty.de%2Fkultur-kunst%2F14539%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt872\" id=\"mwFsE\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt872\" id=\"mwFsI\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-226\" id=\"cite_note-226\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"225\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFsM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-226\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFsQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFsU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-226\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt876\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFsY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.expatica.com/nl/egypt-battling-for-more-relics-after-louvre-success/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Egypt battling for more relics after Louvre success\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Expatica\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190709211530/https://www.expatica.com/nl/egypt-battling-for-more-relics-after-louvre-success/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 July 2019\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 July 2019\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt876\" id=\"mwFsc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190709211530/https://www.expatica.com/nl/egypt-battling-for-more-relics-after-louvre-success/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFsg\">\"Egypt battling for more relics after Louvre success\"</a>. Expatica. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.expatica.com/nl/egypt-battling-for-more-relics-after-louvre-success/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFsk\">the original</a> on 9 July 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFso\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFss\">9 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Egypt+battling+for+more+relics+after+Louvre+success&amp;rft.pub=Expatica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatica.com%2Fnl%2Fegypt-battling-for-more-relics-after-louvre-success%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt876\" id=\"mwFsw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-227\" id=\"cite_note-227\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"226\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFs0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-227\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFs4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFs8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-227\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt879\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFtA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/21/arts/dealer-will-enrich-art-of-the-berlin-he-fled.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Dealer Will Enrich Art of the Berlin He Fled\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Vogel\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Carol\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"21 December 2000\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The New York Times\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 December 2018\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en-US\"},\"issn\":{\"wt\":\"0362-4331\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 March 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190321180644/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/21/arts/dealer-will-enrich-art-of-the-berlin-he-fled.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFVogel2000\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt879\">Vogel, Carol (21 December 2000). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/21/arts/dealer-will-enrich-art-of-the-berlin-he-fled.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFtE\">\"Dealer Will Enrich Art of the Berlin He Fled\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFtI\">The New York Times</i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISSN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwFtM\">ISSN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFtQ\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFtU\">0362-4331</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190321180644/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/21/arts/dealer-will-enrich-art-of-the-berlin-he-fled.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFtY\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFtc\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFtg\">28 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Dealer+Will+Enrich+Art+of+the+Berlin+He+Fled&amp;rft.date=2000-12-21&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Vogel&amp;rft.aufirst=Carol&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F12%2F21%2Farts%2Fdealer-will-enrich-art-of-the-berlin-he-fled.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt879\" id=\"mwFtk\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-228\" id=\"cite_note-228\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"227\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFto\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-228\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFts\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFtw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-228\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt882\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFt0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Kupferstichkabinett\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.smb.museum/en/museums-institutions/kupferstichkabinett/about-us/profile/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Staatliche Museen zu Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 August 2022\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 January 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230124201004/https://www.smb.museum/en/museums-institutions/kupferstichkabinett/about-us/profile/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt882\" id=\"mwFt4\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.smb.museum/en/museums-institutions/kupferstichkabinett/about-us/profile/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFt8\">\"Kupferstichkabinett\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFuA\">Staatliche Museen zu Berlin</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230124201004/https://www.smb.museum/en/museums-institutions/kupferstichkabinett/about-us/profile/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFuE\">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFuI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFuM\">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Staatliche+Museen+zu+Berlin&amp;rft.atitle=Kupferstichkabinett&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smb.museum%2Fen%2Fmuseums-institutions%2Fkupferstichkabinett%2Fabout-us%2Fprofile%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt882\" id=\"mwFuQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-229\" id=\"cite_note-229\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"228\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFuU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-229\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFuY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFuc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-229\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt885\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFug\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Tillack-Graf\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Anne-Kathleen\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Das Denkmal für Friedrich den Großen von Friedrich Gilly 1796\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2004\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Munich\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"GRIN Verlag\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"9783640966035\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFTillack-Graf2004\" class=\"citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt885\">Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen (2004). <i id=\"mwFuk\">Das Denkmal für Friedrich den Großen von Friedrich Gilly 1796</i> (in German). Munich: GRIN Verlag. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwFuo\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwFus\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/9783640966035\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9783640966035\" id=\"mwFuw\"><bdi id=\"mwFu0\">9783640966035</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Das+Denkmal+f%C3%BCr+Friedrich+den+Gro%C3%9Fen+von+Friedrich+Gilly+1796&amp;rft.place=Munich&amp;rft.pub=GRIN+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9783640966035&amp;rft.aulast=Tillack-Graf&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne-Kathleen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt885\" id=\"mwFu4\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt885\" id=\"mwFu8\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-230\" id=\"cite_note-230\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"229\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFvA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-230\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFvE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFvI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-230\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt888\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFvM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.juedisches-museum-berlin.de/site/EN/01-Exhibitions/exhibitions.php\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Exhibitions\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Jewish Museum Berlin]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 August 2008\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090714235317/http%3A//www%2Ejuedisches%2Dmuseum%2Dberlin%2Ede/site/EN/01%2DExhibitions/exhibitions%2Ephp\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 July 2009\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt888\" id=\"mwFvQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090714235317/http%3A//www%2Ejuedisches%2Dmuseum%2Dberlin%2Ede/site/EN/01%2DExhibitions/exhibitions%2Ephp\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFvU\">\"Exhibitions\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFvY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Jewish_Museum_Berlin\" title=\"Jewish Museum Berlin\" id=\"mwFvc\">Jewish Museum Berlin</a></i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.juedisches-museum-berlin.de/site/EN/01-Exhibitions/exhibitions.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFvg\">the original</a> on 14 July 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFvk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFvo\">10 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Jewish+Museum+Berlin&amp;rft.atitle=Exhibitions&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.juedisches-museum-berlin.de%2Fsite%2FEN%2F01-Exhibitions%2Fexhibitions.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt888\" id=\"mwFvs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-231\" id=\"cite_note-231\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"230\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFvw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-231\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFv0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFv4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-231\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt891\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFv8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/en/ausstellungen/the-world-of-dinosaurs.html?Fsize=0&amp;Lightversion=0%3Ftypo%3D2%3Ftypo%3D1%3Ftypo%3D0\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The World of Dinosaurs\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Naturkundemuseum-berlin.de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"20 October 2011\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120322182246/https://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/en/ausstellungen/the-world-of-dinosaurs.html?Fsize=0&amp;Lightversion=0%3Ftypo=2%3Ftypo=1%3Ftypo=0\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 March 2012\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt891\" id=\"mwFwA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120322182246/https://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/en/ausstellungen/the-world-of-dinosaurs.html?Fsize=0&amp;Lightversion=0%3Ftypo=2%3Ftypo=1%3Ftypo=0\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFwE\">\"The World of Dinosaurs\"</a>. Naturkundemuseum-berlin.de. 20 October 2011. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/en/ausstellungen/the-world-of-dinosaurs.html?Fsize=0&amp;Lightversion=0%3Ftypo%3D2%3Ftypo%3D1%3Ftypo%3D0\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFwI\">the original</a> on 22 March 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFwM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFwQ\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+of+Dinosaurs&amp;rft.pub=Naturkundemuseum-berlin.de&amp;rft.date=2011-10-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de%2Fen%2Fausstellungen%2Fthe-world-of-dinosaurs.html%3FFsize%3D0%26Lightversion%3D0%253Ftypo%253D2%253Ftypo%253D1%253Ftypo%253D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt891\" id=\"mwFwU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-232\" id=\"cite_note-232\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"231\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFwY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-232\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFwc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFwg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-232\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt894\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFwk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/travel/index/stories/beck04181999.htm\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"In Berlin, the Art of Sex\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"The Washington Post\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"18 April 1999\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"9 March 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120309164157/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/travel/index/stories/beck04181999.htm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt894\" id=\"mwFwo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/travel/index/stories/beck04181999.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFws\">\"In Berlin, the Art of Sex\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFww\">The Washington Post</i>. 18 April 1999. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120309164157/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/travel/index/stories/beck04181999.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFw0\">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFw4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFw8\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=In+Berlin%2C+the+Art+of+Sex&amp;rft.date=1999-04-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Ftravel%2Findex%2Fstories%2Fbeck04181999.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt894\" id=\"mwFxA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-233\" id=\"cite_note-233\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"232\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFxE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-233\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFxI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFxM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-233\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt897\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFxQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Erotikmuseum aus dem Verkehr gezogen\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/beate-uhse-in-berlin-charlottenburg-erotikmuseum-aus-dem-verkehr-gezogen/10305782.html\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"Der Tagesspiegel Online\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 August 2022\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 August 2022\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220804031411/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/beate-uhse-in-berlin-charlottenburg-erotikmuseum-aus-dem-verkehr-gezogen/10305782.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt897\" id=\"mwFxU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/beate-uhse-in-berlin-charlottenburg-erotikmuseum-aus-dem-verkehr-gezogen/10305782.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFxY\">\"Erotikmuseum aus dem Verkehr gezogen\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFxc\">Der Tagesspiegel Online</i> (in German). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220804031411/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/beate-uhse-in-berlin-charlottenburg-erotikmuseum-aus-dem-verkehr-gezogen/10305782.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFxg\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFxk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFxo\">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Erotikmuseum+aus+dem+Verkehr+gezogen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2Fbeate-uhse-in-berlin-charlottenburg-erotikmuseum-aus-dem-verkehr-gezogen%2F10305782.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt897\" id=\"mwFxs\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt897\" id=\"mwFxw\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-234\" id=\"cite_note-234\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"233\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFx0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-234\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFx4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFx8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-234\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt900\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFyA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.visitberlin.de/en/see/museums-art/street-art\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin – Urban Art – visitBerlin.de EN\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151031125131/https://www.visitberlin.de/en/see/museums-art/street-art\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"31 October 2015\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt900\" id=\"mwFyE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151031125131/https://www.visitberlin.de/en/see/museums-art/street-art\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFyI\">\"Berlin – Urban Art – visitBerlin.de EN\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.visitberlin.de/en/see/museums-art/street-art\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFyM\">the original</a> on 31 October 2015.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+%E2%80%93+Urban+Art+%E2%80%93+visitBerlin.de+EN&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitberlin.de%2Fen%2Fsee%2Fmuseums-art%2Fstreet-art&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt900\" id=\"mwFyQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-235\" id=\"cite_note-235\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"234\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFyU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-235\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFyY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFyc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-235\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt903\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFyg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/travel/02headsup.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"One Wall Down, Thousands to Paint\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2 March 2008\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The New York Times\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 February 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 November 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161118004829/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/travel/02headsup.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt903\" id=\"mwFyk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/travel/02headsup.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFyo\">\"One Wall Down, Thousands to Paint\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFys\">The New York Times</i>. 2 March 2008. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161118004829/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/travel/02headsup.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFyw\">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFy0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFy4\">14 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=One+Wall+Down%2C+Thousands+to+Paint&amp;rft.date=2008-03-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F03%2F02%2Ftravel%2F02headsup.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt903\" id=\"mwFy8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-236\" id=\"cite_note-236\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"235\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFzA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-236\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFzE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFzI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-236\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt906\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFzM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2014/apr/03/thierry-noir-graffiti-berlin-wall\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Graffiti in the death strip: the Berlin wall&apos;s first street artist tells his story\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"The Guardian\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"3 April 2014\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 February 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 December 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171201142426/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2014/apr/03/thierry-noir-graffiti-berlin-wall\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt906\" id=\"mwFzQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2014/apr/03/thierry-noir-graffiti-berlin-wall\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFzU\">\"Graffiti in the death strip: the Berlin wall's first street artist tells his story\"</a>. <i id=\"mwFzY\">The Guardian</i>. 3 April 2014. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171201142426/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2014/apr/03/thierry-noir-graffiti-berlin-wall\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwFzc\">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwFzg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwFzk\">11 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Graffiti+in+the+death+strip%3A+the+Berlin+wall%27s+first+street+artist+tells+his+story&amp;rft.date=2014-04-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2Fgallery%2F2014%2Fapr%2F03%2Fthierry-noir-graffiti-berlin-wall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt906\" id=\"mwFzo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-237\" id=\"cite_note-237\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"236\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwFzs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-237\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwFzw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwFz0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-237\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt909\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwFz4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/17/best-street-art-cities_n_5155653.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The 26 Best Cities in the World To See Street Art\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"17 April 2014\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"The Huffington Post\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 November 2015\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 November 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151122073932/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/17/best-street-art-cities_n_5155653.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt909\" id=\"mwFz8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/17/best-street-art-cities_n_5155653.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF0A\">\"The 26 Best Cities in the World To See Street Art\"</a>. <i id=\"mwF0E\">The Huffington Post</i>. 17 April 2014. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151122073932/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/17/best-street-art-cities_n_5155653.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF0I\">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF0M\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF0Q\">21 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=The+26+Best+Cities+in+the+World+To+See+Street+Art&amp;rft.date=2014-04-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F04%2F17%2Fbest-street-art-cities_n_5155653.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt909\" id=\"mwF0U\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-238\" id=\"cite_note-238\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"237\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF0Y\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-238\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF0c\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF0g\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-238\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt912\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF0k\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/losing-your-mind-in-berlin/Content?oid=2180018\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Losing your mind in Berlin\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Walter\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Wasacz\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Metro Times]]\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"11 October 2004\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"18 November 2006\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 September 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910010712/https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/losing-your-mind-in-berlin/Content?oid=2180018\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFWasacz2004\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt912\">Wasacz, Walter (11 October 2004). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/losing-your-mind-in-berlin/Content?oid=2180018\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF0o\">\"Losing your mind in Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwF0s\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Metro_Times\" title=\"Metro Times\" id=\"mwF0w\">Metro Times</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910010712/https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/losing-your-mind-in-berlin/Content?oid=2180018\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF00\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF04\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF08\">18 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Metro+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Losing+your+mind+in+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2004-10-11&amp;rft.aulast=Wasacz&amp;rft.aufirst=Walter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metrotimes.com%2Fdetroit%2Flosing-your-mind-in-berlin%2FContent%3Foid%3D2180018&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt912\" id=\"mwF1A\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-239\" id=\"cite_note-239\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"238\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF1E\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-239\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF1I\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF1M\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-239\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt915\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF1Q\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.decodedmagazine.com/berlin-berlin-city-sin-city-never-sleeps-better-yet-never-sleep/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, Berlin, the city of sin. The city that never sleeps, or better yet, where you never have to sleep.\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"5 January 2017\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Decoded Magazine\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"14 February 2022\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 February 2022\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220206084058/https://www.decodedmagazine.com/berlin-berlin-city-sin-city-never-sleeps-better-yet-never-sleep/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt915\" id=\"mwF1U\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.decodedmagazine.com/berlin-berlin-city-sin-city-never-sleeps-better-yet-never-sleep/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF1Y\">\"Berlin, Berlin, the city of sin. The city that never sleeps, or better yet, where you never have to sleep\"</a>. Decoded Magazine. 5 January 2017. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220206084058/https://www.decodedmagazine.com/berlin-berlin-city-sin-city-never-sleeps-better-yet-never-sleep/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF1c\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF1g\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF1k\">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%2C+Berlin%2C+the+city+of+sin.+The+city+that+never+sleeps%2C+or+better+yet%2C+where+you+never+have+to+sleep.&amp;rft.pub=Decoded+Magazine&amp;rft.date=2017-01-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.decodedmagazine.com%2Fberlin-berlin-city-sin-city-never-sleeps-better-yet-never-sleep%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt915\" id=\"mwF1o\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-240\" id=\"cite_note-240\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"239\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF1s\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-240\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF1w\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF10\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-240\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt918\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF14\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Art of Now – Berlin&apos;s Nightlife – BBC Sounds\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000j1j7\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 July 2020\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"BBC\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en-GB\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 July 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200706225511/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000j1j7\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt918\" id=\"mwF18\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000j1j7\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF2A\">\"Art of Now – Berlin's Nightlife – BBC Sounds\"</a>. <i id=\"mwF2E\">BBC</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200706225511/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000j1j7\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF2I\">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF2M\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF2Q\">6 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC&amp;rft.atitle=Art+of+Now+%E2%80%93+Berlin%27s+Nightlife+%E2%80%93+BBC+Sounds&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsounds%2Fplay%2Fm000j1j7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt918\" id=\"mwF2U\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-241\" id=\"cite_note-241\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"240\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF2Y\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-241\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF2c\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF2g\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-241\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt921\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF2k\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Krauss\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Kenneth\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The drama of fallen France: reading la comédie sans tickets\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2004\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"State University of New York\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Albany, NY\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-7914-5953-9\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"11\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFKrauss2004\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt921\">Krauss, Kenneth (2004). <i id=\"mwF2o\">The drama of fallen France: reading la comédie sans tickets</i>. Albany, NY: State University of New York. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwF2s\"> </span>11. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwF2w\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwF20\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5953-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5953-9\" id=\"mwF24\"><bdi id=\"mwF28\">978-0-7914-5953-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+drama+of+fallen+France%3A+reading+la+com%C3%A9die+sans+tickets&amp;rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7914-5953-9&amp;rft.aulast=Krauss&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt921\" id=\"mwF3A\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-242\" id=\"cite_note-242\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"241\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF3E\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-242\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF3I\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF3M\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-242\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt924\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF3Q\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite magazine \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_magazine\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/berlin-story\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Story – The New Yorker\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Alex\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Ross\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"26 January 2015\"},\"magazine\":{\"wt\":\"[[The New Yorker]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 June 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 April 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160420134154/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/berlin-story\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFRoss2015\" class=\"citation magazine cs1\" about=\"#mwt924\">Ross, Alex (26 January 2015). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/berlin-story\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF3U\">\"Berlin Story – The New Yorker\"</a>. <i id=\"mwF3Y\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_New_Yorker\" title=\"The New Yorker\" id=\"mwF3c\">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160420134154/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/berlin-story\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF3g\">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF3k\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF3o\">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin+Story+%E2%80%93+The+New+Yorker&amp;rft.date=2015-01-26&amp;rft.aulast=Ross&amp;rft.aufirst=Alex&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2015%2F01%2F26%2Fberlin-story&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt924\" id=\"mwF3s\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-243\" id=\"cite_note-243\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"242\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF3w\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-243\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF30\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF34\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-243\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt927\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF38\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin-tourist-information.de/english/zielgruppen/e_zg_gay_bezirke.php\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20061007101504/https://www.berlin-tourist-information.de/english/zielgruppen/e_zg_gay_bezirke.php\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 October 2006\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin for Gays and Lesbians\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"7 October 2006\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt927\" id=\"mwF4A\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20061007101504/https://www.berlin-tourist-information.de/english/zielgruppen/e_zg_gay_bezirke.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF4E\">\"Berlin for Gays and Lesbians\"</a>. 7 October 2006. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin-tourist-information.de/english/zielgruppen/e_zg_gay_bezirke.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF4I\">the original</a> on 7 October 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF4M\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF4Q\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+for+Gays+and+Lesbians&amp;rft.date=2006-10-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin-tourist-information.de%2Fenglish%2Fzielgruppen%2Fe_zg_gay_bezirke.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt927\" id=\"mwF4U\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-244\" id=\"cite_note-244\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"243\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF4Y\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-244\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF4c\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF4g\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-244\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt930\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF4k\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"European Film Academy\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"European Film Academy\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 May 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120525004720/http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt930\" id=\"mwF4o\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF4s\">\"European Film Academy\"</a>. European Film Academy. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120525004720/http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF4w\">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF40\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF44\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=European+Film+Academy&amp;rft.pub=European+Film+Academy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanfilmacademy.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt930\" id=\"mwF48\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-245\" id=\"cite_note-245\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"244\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF5A\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-245\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF5E\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF5I\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-245\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt933\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF5M\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlinale.de/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Film Festival\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berlinale.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 February 2011\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110217150238/https://www.berlinale.de/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt933\" id=\"mwF5Q\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlinale.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF5U\">\"Berlin Film Festival\"</a>. Berlinale.de. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110217150238/https://www.berlinale.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF5Y\">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF5c\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF5g\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Film+Festival&amp;rft.pub=Berlinale.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlinale.de%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt933\" id=\"mwF5k\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-246\" id=\"cite_note-246\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"245\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF5o\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-246\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF5s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF5w\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-246\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt936\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF50\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.karneval-berlin.de/de/english.175.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"English Summary\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Karneval-berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120419112335/https://www.karneval-berlin.de/de/english.175.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 April 2012\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt936\" id=\"mwF54\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120419112335/https://www.karneval-berlin.de/de/english.175.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF58\">\"English Summary\"</a>. Karneval-berlin.de. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.karneval-berlin.de/de/english.175.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF6A\">the original</a> on 19 April 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF6E\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF6I\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=English+Summary&amp;rft.pub=Karneval-berlin.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.karneval-berlin.de%2Fde%2Fenglish.175.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt936\" id=\"mwF6M\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-247\" id=\"cite_note-247\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"246\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF6Q\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-247\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF6U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF6Y\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-247\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlinfestival.de/en.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF6c\">Berlin Festival</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150314234453/https://www.berlinfestival.de/en.html\" about=\"#mwt939\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF6g\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"webarchive \",\"href\":\"./Template:Webarchive\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150314234453/https://www.berlinfestival.de/en.html\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"14 March 2015\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Archived</a><span about=\"#mwt939\" id=\"mwF6k\"> 14 March 2015 at the </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" about=\"#mwt939\" id=\"mwF6o\">Wayback Machine</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" about=\"#mwt939\" id=\"mwF6s\"/> website</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-248\" id=\"cite_note-248\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"247\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF6w\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-248\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF60\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF64\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-248\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin-music-week.de/en/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF68\">Berlin Music Week</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140410203724/https://www.berlin-music-week.de/en/\" about=\"#mwt941\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF7A\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Webarchive\",\"href\":\"./Template:Webarchive\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140410203724/https://www.berlin-music-week.de/en/\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"10 April 2014\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Archived</a><span about=\"#mwt941\" id=\"mwF7E\"> 10 April 2014 at the </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" about=\"#mwt941\" id=\"mwF7I\">Wayback Machine</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" about=\"#mwt941\" id=\"mwF7M\"/> website</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-249\" id=\"cite_note-249\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"248\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF7Q\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-249\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF7U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF7Y\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-249\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt948\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF7c\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Charlotte Higgins and Ben Aris in Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/29/germany.arts\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Is Rattle&apos;s Berlin honeymoon over?\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"The Guardian\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"29 April 2004\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"London\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"28 August 2013\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130828013033/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/29/germany.arts\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFCharlotte_Higgins_and_Ben_Aris_in_Berlin2004\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt948\">Charlotte Higgins and Ben Aris in Berlin (29 April 2004). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/29/germany.arts\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF7g\">\"Is Rattle's Berlin honeymoon over?\"</a>. <i id=\"mwF7k\">The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130828013033/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/29/germany.arts\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF7o\">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF7s\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF7w\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Is+Rattle%27s+Berlin+honeymoon+over%3F&amp;rft.date=2004-04-29&amp;rft.au=Charlotte+Higgins+and+Ben+Aris+in+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2004%2Fapr%2F29%2Fgermany.arts&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt948\" id=\"mwF70\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-250\" id=\"cite_note-250\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"249\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF74\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-250\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF78\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF8A\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-250\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt951\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF8E\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/25/travel/music-berlin.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Music: Berlin\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Daniel J.\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Wakin\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The New York Times\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"25 September 2005\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2024-08-29\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.today/20240829173728/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/25/travel/music-berlin.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2024-08-29\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFWakin2005\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt951\">Wakin, Daniel J. (25 September 2005). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/25/travel/music-berlin.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF8I\">\"Music: Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwF8M\">The New York Times</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF8Q\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF8U\">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Music%3A+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2005-09-25&amp;rft.aulast=Wakin&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F09%2F25%2Ftravel%2Fmusic-berlin.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt951\" id=\"mwF8Y\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\" about=\"#mwt951\" id=\"mwF8c\"><code class=\"cs1-code\" id=\"mwF8g\">{{<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Cite_news\" title=\"Template:Cite news\" id=\"mwF8k\">cite news</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\" id=\"mwF8o\">link</a>)</span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" about=\"#mwt951\" id=\"mwF8s\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-251\" id=\"cite_note-251\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"250\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF8w\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-251\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF80\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF84\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-251\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt955\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF88\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"D\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.hkw.de/en/bottom/impressum/impressum.php\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Haus der Kulturen der Welt\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Hkw.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 May 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120503225327/https://www.hkw.de/en/bottom/impressum/impressum.php\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFD\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt955\">D. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.hkw.de/en/bottom/impressum/impressum.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF9A\">\"Haus der Kulturen der Welt\"</a>. Hkw.de. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120503225327/https://www.hkw.de/en/bottom/impressum/impressum.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF9E\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF9I\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF9M\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Haus+der+Kulturen+der+Welt&amp;rft.pub=Hkw.de&amp;rft.au=D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkw.de%2Fen%2Fbottom%2Fimpressum%2Fimpressum.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt955\" id=\"mwF9Q\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-252\" id=\"cite_note-252\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"251\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF9U\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-252\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF9Y\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF9c\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-252\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt958\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF9g\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Wilder\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Charly\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"21 June 2018\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"In the Capital of Electronic Music, Women Rule the Scene\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en-US\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"The New York Times\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/21/arts/music/women-djs-berlin.html\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/21/arts/music/women-djs-berlin.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 January 2022\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"limited\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 August 2020\"},\"issn\":{\"wt\":\"0362-4331\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFWilder2018\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt958\">Wilder, Charly (21 June 2018). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/21/arts/music/women-djs-berlin.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF9k\">\"In the Capital of Electronic Music, Women Rule the Scene\"</a>. <i id=\"mwF9o\">The New York Times</i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISSN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwF9s\">ISSN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwF9w\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF90\">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <span class=\"id-lock-limited\" title=\"Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required\" id=\"mwF94\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/21/arts/music/women-djs-berlin.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF98\">the original</a></span> on 1 January 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF-A\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF-E\">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=In+the+Capital+of+Electronic+Music%2C+Women+Rule+the+Scene&amp;rft.date=2018-06-21&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Wilder&amp;rft.aufirst=Charly&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F06%2F21%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fwomen-djs-berlin.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt958\" id=\"mwF-I\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-253\" id=\"cite_note-253\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"252\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF-M\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-253\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF-Q\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF-U\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-253\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt965\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF-Y\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://guide.michelin.com/en/de/berlin-region/berlin/restaurants\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"MICHELIN Guide, Germany, Berlin Restaurants\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"MICHELIN Guide\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 November 2021\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 November 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211115075322/https://guide.michelin.com/en/de/berlin-region/berlin/restaurants\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt965\" id=\"mwF-c\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://guide.michelin.com/en/de/berlin-region/berlin/restaurants\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF-g\">\"MICHELIN Guide, Germany, Berlin Restaurants\"</a>. MICHELIN Guide. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211115075322/https://guide.michelin.com/en/de/berlin-region/berlin/restaurants\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF-k\">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF-o\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF-s\">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=MICHELIN+Guide%2C+Germany%2C+Berlin+Restaurants&amp;rft.pub=MICHELIN+Guide&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguide.michelin.com%2Fen%2Fde%2Fberlin-region%2Fberlin%2Frestaurants&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt965\" id=\"mwF-w\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-254\" id=\"cite_note-254\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"253\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF-0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-254\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF-4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF-8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-254\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt968\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF_A\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.saveur.com/vegetarian-restaurants-berlin-germany\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Good Taste Award Winner 2015: Berlin, The New Vegetarian Capital\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"5 September 2015\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"SAVEUR\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 March 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 February 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160217063554/https://www.saveur.com/vegetarian-restaurants-berlin-germany\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt968\" id=\"mwF_E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.saveur.com/vegetarian-restaurants-berlin-germany\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF_I\">\"Good Taste Award Winner 2015: Berlin, The New Vegetarian Capital\"</a>. SAVEUR. 5 September 2015. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160217063554/https://www.saveur.com/vegetarian-restaurants-berlin-germany\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF_M\">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF_Q\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF_U\">1 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Good+Taste+Award+Winner+2015%3A+Berlin%2C+The+New+Vegetarian+Capital&amp;rft.pub=SAVEUR&amp;rft.date=2015-09-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saveur.com%2Fvegetarian-restaurants-berlin-germany&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt968\" id=\"mwF_Y\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-255\" id=\"cite_note-255\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"254\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwF_c\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-255\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwF_g\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwF_k\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-255\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt971\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwF_o\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-vegan-capital-of-the-world/a-35951064\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin: Vegan capital of the world?\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"DW\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 April 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 April 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170403195151/https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-vegan-capital-of-the-world/a-35951064\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt971\" id=\"mwF_s\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-vegan-capital-of-the-world/a-35951064\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF_w\">\"Berlin: Vegan capital of the world?\"</a>. DW. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170403195151/https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-vegan-capital-of-the-world/a-35951064\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwF_0\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwF_4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwF_8\">4 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%3A+Vegan+capital+of+the+world%3F&amp;rft.pub=DW&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlin-vegan-capital-of-the-world%2Fa-35951064&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt971\" id=\"mwGAA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-256\" id=\"cite_note-256\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"255\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGAE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-256\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGAI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGAM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-256\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt974\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGAQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-booming-food-scene/a-17983026\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s booming food scene\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"DW\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 April 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 April 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170403200216/https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-booming-food-scene/a-17983026\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt974\" id=\"mwGAU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-booming-food-scene/a-17983026\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGAY\">\"Berlin's booming food scene\"</a>. DW. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170403200216/https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-booming-food-scene/a-17983026\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGAc\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGAg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGAk\">4 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%27s+booming+food+scene&amp;rft.pub=DW&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlins-booming-food-scene%2Fa-17983026&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt974\" id=\"mwGAo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-257\" id=\"cite_note-257\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"256\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGAs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-257\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGAw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGA0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-257\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt977\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGA4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://foodtank.com/news/2016/09/conscious-food-consumption-at-berlins-restlos-gluecklich/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Conscious Food Consumption at Berlin&apos;s Restlos Glücklich\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"11 September 2016\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Food Tank\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 April 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 April 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170404043408/https://foodtank.com/news/2016/09/conscious-food-consumption-at-berlins-restlos-gluecklich/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt977\" id=\"mwGA8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://foodtank.com/news/2016/09/conscious-food-consumption-at-berlins-restlos-gluecklich/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGBA\">\"Conscious Food Consumption at Berlin's Restlos Glücklich\"</a>. Food Tank. 11 September 2016. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170404043408/https://foodtank.com/news/2016/09/conscious-food-consumption-at-berlins-restlos-gluecklich/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGBE\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGBI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGBM\">4 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Conscious+Food+Consumption+at+Berlin%27s+Restlos+Gl%C3%BCcklich&amp;rft.pub=Food+Tank&amp;rft.date=2016-09-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoodtank.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F09%2Fconscious-food-consumption-at-berlins-restlos-gluecklich%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt977\" id=\"mwGBQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-258\" id=\"cite_note-258\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"257\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGBU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-258\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGBY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGBc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-258\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/facts/berlin.cfm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGBg\">Berlin</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140303102248/https://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/facts/berlin.cfm\" about=\"#mwt984\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGBk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Webarchive\",\"href\":\"./Template:Webarchive\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140303102248/https://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/facts/berlin.cfm\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"3 March 2014\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Archived</a><span about=\"#mwt984\" id=\"mwGBo\"> 3 March 2014 at the </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" about=\"#mwt984\" id=\"mwGBs\">Wayback Machine</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" about=\"#mwt984\" id=\"mwGBw\"/> German Foods</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-259\" id=\"cite_note-259\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"258\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGB0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-259\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGB4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGB8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-259\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt986\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGCA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/spicy-sausage-that-is-worthy-of-a-shrine-in-berlin-1772530.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Spicy sausage that is worthy of a shrine in Berlin\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"[[The Independent]]\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Tony\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Paterson\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"15 August 2009\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 August 2017\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 March 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190322143121/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/spicy-sausage-that-is-worthy-of-a-shrine-in-berlin-1772530.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFPaterson2009\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt986\">Paterson, Tony (15 August 2009). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190322143121/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/spicy-sausage-that-is-worthy-of-a-shrine-in-berlin-1772530.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGCE\">\"Spicy sausage that is worthy of a shrine in Berlin\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGCI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Independent\" title=\"The Independent\" id=\"mwGCM\">The Independent</a></i>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/spicy-sausage-that-is-worthy-of-a-shrine-in-berlin-1772530.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGCQ\">the original</a> on 22 March 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGCU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGCY\">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Spicy+sausage+that+is+worthy+of+a+shrine+in+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2009-08-15&amp;rft.aulast=Paterson&amp;rft.aufirst=Tony&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fnews%2Fspicy-sausage-that-is-worthy-of-a-shrine-in-berlin-1772530.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt986\" id=\"mwGCc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-260\" id=\"cite_note-260\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"259\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGCg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-260\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGCk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGCo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-260\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt989\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGCs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://luxeadventuretraveler.com/fassbender-rausch/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Chocolate Heaven at Fassbender &amp; Rausch\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Luxe Adventure Traveler\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2013\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 March 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"5 March 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160305092139/https://luxeadventuretraveler.com/fassbender-rausch/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt989\" id=\"mwGCw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://luxeadventuretraveler.com/fassbender-rausch/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGC0\">\"Chocolate Heaven at Fassbender &amp; Rausch\"</a>. Luxe Adventure Traveler. 2013. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160305092139/https://luxeadventuretraveler.com/fassbender-rausch/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGC4\">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGC8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGDA\">1 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Chocolate+Heaven+at+Fassbender+%26+Rausch&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fluxeadventuretraveler.com%2Ffassbender-rausch%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt989\" id=\"mwGDE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-261\" id=\"cite_note-261\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"260\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGDI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-261\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGDM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGDQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-261\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt992\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGDU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.rausch.de/en/tradition\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"History from 1918 to today\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Rausch Chocolate House\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 July 2023\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 July 2023\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230726072355/https://www.rausch.de/en/tradition\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt992\" id=\"mwGDY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.rausch.de/en/tradition\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGDc\">\"History from 1918 to today\"</a>. Rausch Chocolate House. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230726072355/https://www.rausch.de/en/tradition\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGDg\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGDk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGDo\">26 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+from+1918+to+today&amp;rft.pub=Rausch+Chocolate+House&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rausch.de%2Fen%2Ftradition&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt992\" id=\"mwGDs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-262\" id=\"cite_note-262\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"261\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGDw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-262\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGD0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGD4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-262\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt995\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGD8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304432704577350194262835880\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"There&apos;s Nothing More German Than a Big, Fat Juicy Döner Kebab\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"James Angelos\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"18 April 2012\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"The Wall Street Journal\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"6 June 2016\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 May 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160530140426/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304432704577350194262835880\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFJames_Angelos2012\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt995\">James Angelos (18 April 2012). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304432704577350194262835880\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGEA\">\"There's Nothing More German Than a Big, Fat Juicy Döner Kebab\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGEE\">The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160530140426/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304432704577350194262835880\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGEI\">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGEM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGEQ\">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=There%27s+Nothing+More+German+Than+a+Big%2C+Fat+Juicy+D%C3%B6ner+Kebab&amp;rft.date=2012-04-18&amp;rft.au=James+Angelos&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702304432704577350194262835880&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt995\" id=\"mwGEU\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-263\" id=\"cite_note-263\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"262\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGEY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-263\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGEc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGEg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-263\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt998\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGEk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.rbb-online.de/_/nachrichten/vermischtes/beitrag_jsp/key=news4382800.html\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.today/20061007155448/http://www.rbb-online.de/_/nachrichten/vermischtes/beitrag_jsp/key=news4382800.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 October 2006\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Hauptstadt-Zoo beliebtester Tierpark\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg]]\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 August 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt998\" id=\"mwGEo\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.rbb-online.de/_/nachrichten/vermischtes/beitrag_jsp/key=news4382800.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGEs\">\"Hauptstadt-Zoo beliebtester Tierpark\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGEw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg\" title=\"Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg\" id=\"mwGE0\">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGE4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGE8\">17 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&amp;rft.atitle=Hauptstadt-Zoo+beliebtester+Tierpark&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb-online.de%2F_%2Fnachrichten%2Fvermischtes%2Fbeitrag_jsp%2Fkey%3Dnews4382800.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt998\" id=\"mwGFA\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\" about=\"#mwt998\" id=\"mwGFE\"><code class=\"cs1-code\" id=\"mwGFI\">{{<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\" id=\"mwGFM\">cite web</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\" id=\"mwGFQ\">link</a>)</span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service\" about=\"#mwt998\" id=\"mwGFU\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-264\" id=\"cite_note-264\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"263\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGFY\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-264\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGFc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGFg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-264\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1002\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGFk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Tristana\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Moore\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Baby bear becomes media star\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"23 March 2007\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6486993.stm\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"BBC News\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"17 August 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 April 2007\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070401034258/https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6486993.stm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFMoore2007\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt1002\">Moore, Tristana (23 March 2007). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6486993.stm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGFo\">\"Baby bear becomes media star\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGFs\">BBC News</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070401034258/https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6486993.stm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGFw\">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2007<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGF0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGF4\">17 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Baby+bear+becomes+media+star&amp;rft.date=2007-03-23&amp;rft.aulast=Moore&amp;rft.aufirst=Tristana&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6486993.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1002\" id=\"mwGF8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-265\" id=\"cite_note-265\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"264\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGGA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-265\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGGE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGGI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-265\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1006\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGGM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.gruen-berlin.de/gesellschaft/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Grün Berlin\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"trans-title\":{\"wt\":\"Green Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Die Grün Berlin GmbH\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"27 May 2011\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110522183154/https://www.gruen-berlin.de/gesellschaft/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 May 2011\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt1006\" id=\"mwGGQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110522183154/https://www.gruen-berlin.de/gesellschaft/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGGU\">\"Grün Berlin\"</a> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwGGY\">[</span>Green Berlin<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwGGc\">]</span> (in German). Die Grün Berlin GmbH. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.gruen-berlin.de/gesellschaft/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGGg\">the original</a> on 22 May 2011<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGGk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGGo\">27 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gr%C3%BCn+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Die+Gr%C3%BCn+Berlin+GmbH&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gruen-berlin.de%2Fgesellschaft%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1006\" id=\"mwGGs\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt1006\" id=\"mwGGw\"/></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-266\" id=\"cite_note-266\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"265\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGG0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-266\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGG4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGG8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-266\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1009\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGHA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/wettbewerbe/lenne/en/biographie.shtml\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Peter Joseph Lenné, Senate Department of Urban Development\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Stadtentwicklung.berlin.de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"30 September 2011\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 February 2013\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130421101545/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/wettbewerbe/lenne/en/biographie.shtml\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 April 2013\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1009\" id=\"mwGHE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130421101545/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/wettbewerbe/lenne/en/biographie.shtml\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGHI\">\"Peter Joseph Lenné, Senate Department of Urban Development\"</a>. Stadtentwicklung.berlin.de. 30 September 2011. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/wettbewerbe/lenne/en/biographie.shtml\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGHM\">the original</a> on 21 April 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGHQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGHU\">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Peter+Joseph+Lenn%C3%A9%2C+Senate+Department+of+Urban+Development&amp;rft.pub=Stadtentwicklung.berlin.de&amp;rft.date=2011-09-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de%2Faktuell%2Fwettbewerbe%2Flenne%2Fen%2Fbiographie.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1009\" id=\"mwGHY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-267\" id=\"cite_note-267\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"266\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGHc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-267\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGHg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGHk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-267\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1012\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGHo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"Paul Sullivan\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Volkspark Friedrichshain\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.slowtravelberlin.com/volkspark-friedrichshain/\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Slow Travel Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 August 2014\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"30 July 2010\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 September 2014\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140903203937/https://www.slowtravelberlin.com/volkspark-friedrichshain/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFPaul_Sullivan2010\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1012\">Paul Sullivan (30 July 2010). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.slowtravelberlin.com/volkspark-friedrichshain/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGHs\">\"Volkspark Friedrichshain\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGHw\">Slow Travel Berlin</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140903203937/https://www.slowtravelberlin.com/volkspark-friedrichshain/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGH0\">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGH4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGH8\">30 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Slow+Travel+Berlin&amp;rft.atitle=Volkspark+Friedrichshain&amp;rft.date=2010-07-30&amp;rft.au=Paul+Sullivan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slowtravelberlin.com%2Fvolkspark-friedrichshain%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1012\" id=\"mwGIA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-268\" id=\"cite_note-268\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"267\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGIE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-268\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGII\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGIM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-268\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1015\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGIQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Stephan\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Felix\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.zeit.de/lebensart/2012-09/lust-auf-stadt-tempelhofer-feld\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Entfaltung auf dem Rollfeld\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin (Germany)\"},\"newspaper\":{\"wt\":\"zeit.de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"10 December 2012\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 February 2018\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 October 2020\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201021183842/https://www.zeit.de/lebensart/2012-09/lust-auf-stadt-tempelhofer-feld\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFStephan2012\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt1015\">Stephan, Felix (10 December 2012). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.zeit.de/lebensart/2012-09/lust-auf-stadt-tempelhofer-feld\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGIU\">\"Entfaltung auf dem Rollfeld\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGIY\">zeit.de</i>. Berlin (Germany). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201021183842/https://www.zeit.de/lebensart/2012-09/lust-auf-stadt-tempelhofer-feld\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGIc\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGIg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGIk\">8 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=zeit.de&amp;rft.atitle=Entfaltung+auf+dem+Rollfeld&amp;rft.date=2012-12-10&amp;rft.aulast=Stephan&amp;rft.aufirst=Felix&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Flebensart%2F2012-09%2Flust-auf-stadt-tempelhofer-feld&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1015\" id=\"mwGIo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-269\" id=\"cite_note-269\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"268\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGIs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-269\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGIw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGI0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-269\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1019\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGI4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Lee\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Denny\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://travel.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/travel/10hours.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"36 Hours in Berlin\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin (Germany)\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Travel.nytimes.com\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"10 December 2006\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120624141002/https://travel.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/travel/10hours.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"24 June 2012\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFLee2006\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt1019\">Lee, Denny (10 December 2006). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120624141002/https://travel.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/travel/10hours.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGI8\">\"36 Hours in Berlin\"</a>. Berlin (Germany): Travel.nytimes.com. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://travel.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/travel/10hours.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGJA\">the original</a> on 24 June 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGJE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGJI\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=36+Hours+in+Berlin&amp;rft.date=2006-12-10&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=Denny&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F12%2F10%2Ftravel%2F10hours.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1019\" id=\"mwGJM\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-270\" id=\"cite_note-270\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"269\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGJQ\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-270\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGJU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGJY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-270\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1026\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGJc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/01/2204562.htm?section=sport\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Melbourne retains ultimate sports city title\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1 April 2008\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 July 2008\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"13 January 2009\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090113164852/https://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/01/2204562.htm?section=sport\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1026\" id=\"mwGJg\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090113164852/https://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/01/2204562.htm?section=sport\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGJk\">\"Melbourne retains ultimate sports city title\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGJo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ABC_News_(Australia)\" title=\"ABC News (Australia)\" id=\"mwGJs\">ABC News</a></i>. 1 April 2008. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/01/2204562.htm?section=sport\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGJw\">the original</a> on 13 January 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGJ0\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGJ4\">1 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ABC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Melbourne+retains+ultimate+sports+city+title&amp;rft.date=2008-04-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2008%2F04%2F01%2F2204562.htm%3Fsection%3Dsport&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1026\" id=\"mwGJ8\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-271\" id=\"cite_note-271\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"270\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGKA\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-271\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGKE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGKI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-271\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1029\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGKM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/overview.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Italy conquer the world as Germany wins friends\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080821050509/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/overview.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 August 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1029\" id=\"mwGKQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080821050509/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/overview.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGKU\">\"Italy conquer the world as Germany wins friends\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/overview.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGKY\">the original</a> on 21 August 2008.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+conquer+the+world+as+Germany+wins+friends&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fworldcup%2Farchive%2Fgermany2006%2Foverview.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1029\" id=\"mwGKc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-272\" id=\"cite_note-272\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"271\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGKg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-272\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGKk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGKo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-272\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1032\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGKs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin2009.org/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"12. IAAF Leichtathletik WM berlin 2009\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin2009.org\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 February 2013\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090720233014/https://www.berlin2009.org/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 July 2009\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1032\" id=\"mwGKw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090720233014/https://www.berlin2009.org/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGK0\">\"12. IAAF Leichtathletik WM berlin 2009\"</a>. Berlin2009.org. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin2009.org/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGK4\">the original</a> on 20 July 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGK8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGLA\">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=12.+IAAF+Leichtathletik+WM+berlin+2009&amp;rft.pub=Berlin2009.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin2009.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1032\" id=\"mwGLE\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-273\" id=\"cite_note-273\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"272\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGLI\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-273\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGLM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGLQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-273\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1035\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGLU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.euroleague.net/news/i/5y55csanso845gfb\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Euroleague Final Four returns to Berlin in 2016\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Euroleague\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"11 May 2015\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"5 November 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161019170810/https://www.euroleague.net/news/i/5y55csanso845gfb\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 October 2016\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1035\" id=\"mwGLY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161019170810/https://www.euroleague.net/news/i/5y55csanso845gfb\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGLc\">\"Euroleague Final Four returns to Berlin in 2016\"</a>. Euroleague. 11 May 2015. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.euroleague.net/news/i/5y55csanso845gfb\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGLg\">the original</a> on 19 October 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGLk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGLo\">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Euroleague+Final+Four+returns+to+Berlin+in+2016&amp;rft.pub=Euroleague&amp;rft.date=2015-05-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euroleague.net%2Fnews%2Fi%2F5y55csanso845gfb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1035\" id=\"mwGLs\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-274\" id=\"cite_note-274\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"273\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGLw\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-274\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGL0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGL4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-274\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1038\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGL8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"June 2009\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s Failed Bid to Host the 2000 Summer Olympic Games: Urban Development and the Improvement of Sports Facilities\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46541517\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1038\" id=\"mwGMA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46541517\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGME\">\"Berlin's Failed Bid to Host the 2000 Summer Olympic Games: Urban Development and the Improvement of Sports Facilities\"</a>. June 2009.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%27s+Failed+Bid+to+Host+the+2000+Summer+Olympic+Games%3A+Urban+Development+and+the+Improvement+of+Sports+Facilities&amp;rft.date=2009-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F46541517&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1038\" id=\"mwGMI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-275\" id=\"cite_note-275\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"274\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGMM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-275\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGMQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGMU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-275\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1041\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGMY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.specialolympics.org/about/press-releases/berlin-germany-selected-to-host-the-2023-special-olympics-world-games\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin, Germany selected to host the 2023 Special Olympics World Games\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Special Olympics\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 December 2018\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041349/https://www.specialolympics.org/about/press-releases/berlin-germany-selected-to-host-the-2023-special-olympics-world-games\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 December 2018\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1041\" id=\"mwGMc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041349/https://www.specialolympics.org/about/press-releases/berlin-germany-selected-to-host-the-2023-special-olympics-world-games\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGMg\">\"Berlin, Germany selected to host the 2023 Special Olympics World Games\"</a>. Special Olympics. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.specialolympics.org/about/press-releases/berlin-germany-selected-to-host-the-2023-special-olympics-world-games\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGMk\">the original</a> on 21 December 2018<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGMo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGMs\">21 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%2C+Germany+selected+to+host+the+2023+Special+Olympics+World+Games&amp;rft.pub=Special+Olympics&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.specialolympics.org%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fberlin-germany-selected-to-host-the-2023-special-olympics-world-games&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1041\" id=\"mwGMw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-276\" id=\"cite_note-276\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"275\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGM0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-276\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGM4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGM8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-276\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1046\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGNA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.scc-events.com/en/events/halbmarathon/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Marathon\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Scc-events.com\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120402162248/https://www.scc-events.com/en/events/halbmarathon/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 April 2012\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1046\" id=\"mwGNE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120402162248/https://www.scc-events.com/en/events/halbmarathon/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGNI\">\"Berlin Marathon\"</a>. Scc-events.com. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.scc-events.com/en/events/halbmarathon/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGNM\">the original</a> on 2 April 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGNQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGNU\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Marathon&amp;rft.pub=Scc-events.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scc-events.com%2Fen%2Fevents%2Fhalbmarathon%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1046\" id=\"mwGNY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-277\" id=\"cite_note-277\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"276\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGNc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-277\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGNg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGNk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-277\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1049\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGNo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.urbancatalyst-studio.de/en/projects/project-site/mellowpark-berlin.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Mellowpark Campus\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"urbancatalyst-studio.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"29 August 2014\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140904031925/https://www.urbancatalyst-studio.de/en/projects/project-site/mellowpark-berlin.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 September 2014\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1049\" id=\"mwGNs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140904031925/https://www.urbancatalyst-studio.de/en/projects/project-site/mellowpark-berlin.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGNw\">\"Mellowpark Campus\"</a>. urbancatalyst-studio.de. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.urbancatalyst-studio.de/en/projects/project-site/mellowpark-berlin.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGN0\">the original</a> on 4 September 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGN4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGN8\">29 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mellowpark+Campus&amp;rft.pub=urbancatalyst-studio.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.urbancatalyst-studio.de%2Fen%2Fprojects%2Fproject-site%2Fmellowpark-berlin.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1049\" id=\"mwGOA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-278\" id=\"cite_note-278\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"277\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGOE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-278\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGOI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGOM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-278\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1052\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGOQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://blogs.bettor.com/The-best-sports-stadiums-in-the-world-a21645\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"500,000 spectators to watch the game together\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Blogs.bettor.com\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120322085540/https://blogs.bettor.com/The-best-sports-stadiums-in-the-world-a21645\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"22 March 2012\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1052\" id=\"mwGOU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120322085540/https://blogs.bettor.com/The-best-sports-stadiums-in-the-world-a21645\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGOY\">\"500,000 spectators to watch the game together\"</a>. Blogs.bettor.com. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://blogs.bettor.com/The-best-sports-stadiums-in-the-world-a21645\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGOc\">the original</a> on 22 March 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGOg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGOk\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=500%2C000+spectators+to+watch+the+game+together&amp;rft.pub=Blogs.bettor.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bettor.com%2FThe-best-sports-stadiums-in-the-world-a21645&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1052\" id=\"mwGOo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-279\" id=\"cite_note-279\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"278\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGOs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-279\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGOw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGO0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-279\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1055\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGO4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Gymnastics\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Mcintosh\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"J. S.\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Mason Crest\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2010\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1422217344\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFMcintosh2010\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt1055\">Mcintosh, J. S. (2010). <i id=\"mwGO8\">Gymnastics</i>. Mason Crest. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwGPA\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwGPE\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1422217344\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1422217344\" id=\"mwGPI\"><bdi id=\"mwGPM\">978-1422217344</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gymnastics&amp;rft.pub=Mason+Crest&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1422217344&amp;rft.aulast=Mcintosh&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1055\" id=\"mwGPQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-280\" id=\"cite_note-280\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"279\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGPU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-280\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGPY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGPc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-280\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1058\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGPg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A History of Gymnastics: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times {{!}} Scholastic\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Strauss\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Michael\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"www.scholastic.com\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 December 2019\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 December 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20191219051634/https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFStrauss\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1058\">Strauss, Michael. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGPk\">\"A History of Gymnastics: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times | Scholastic\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGPo\">www.scholastic.com</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20191219051634/https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGPs\">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGPw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGP0\">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.scholastic.com&amp;rft.atitle=A+History+of+Gymnastics%3A+From+Ancient+Greece+to+Modern+Times+%7C+Scholastic&amp;rft.aulast=Strauss&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scholastic.com%2Fteachers%2Farticles%2Fteaching-content%2Fhistory-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1058\" id=\"mwGP4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-281\" id=\"cite_note-281\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"280\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGP8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-281\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGQA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGQE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-281\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1061\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGQI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.insidesport.com.au/news/friedrich-jahn-invented-gymnastics-apparatus-422812\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Friedrich Jahn invented gymnastics&apos; apparatus\"},\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Drane\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Robert\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"16 March 2016\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Inside Sport\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 December 2019\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 December 2019\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20191204131519/https://www.insidesport.com.au/news/friedrich-jahn-invented-gymnastics-apparatus-422812\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFDrane2016\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1061\">Drane, Robert (16 March 2016). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.insidesport.com.au/news/friedrich-jahn-invented-gymnastics-apparatus-422812\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGQM\">\"Friedrich Jahn invented gymnastics' apparatus\"</a>. <i id=\"mwGQQ\">Inside Sport</i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20191204131519/https://www.insidesport.com.au/news/friedrich-jahn-invented-gymnastics-apparatus-422812\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGQU\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGQY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGQc\">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Inside+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Friedrich+Jahn+invented+gymnastics%27+apparatus&amp;rft.date=2016-03-16&amp;rft.aulast=Drane&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidesport.com.au%2Fnews%2Ffriedrich-jahn-invented-gymnastics-apparatus-422812&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1061\" id=\"mwGQg\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-282\" id=\"cite_note-282\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"281\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGQk\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-282\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGQo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGQs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-282\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1064\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGQw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/Aeltester-Sportverein-HT16-feiert-200-Jahre,jubilaeumht100.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Ältester Sportverein der Welt wird 200 Jahre\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 January 2024\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 January 2024\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240126003431/https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/Aeltester-Sportverein-HT16-feiert-200-Jahre,jubilaeumht100.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1064\" id=\"mwGQ0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/Aeltester-Sportverein-HT16-feiert-200-Jahre,jubilaeumht100.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGQ4\">\"Ältester Sportverein der Welt wird 200 Jahre\"</a>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20240126003431/https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/Aeltester-Sportverein-HT16-feiert-200-Jahre,jubilaeumht100.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGQ8\">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGRA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGRE\">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%84ltester+Sportverein+der+Welt+wird+200+Jahre&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndr.de%2Fgeschichte%2FAeltester-Sportverein-HT16-feiert-200-Jahre%2Cjubilaeumht100.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1064\" id=\"mwGRI\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-283\" id=\"cite_note-283\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"282\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGRM\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-283\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGRQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGRU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-283\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1067\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGRY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.lsb-berlin.net/wir-ueber-uns/der-lsb-berlin/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Der Landessportbund Berlin – Mitglieder\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"LSB\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"3 September 2014\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141004065645/https://www.lsb-berlin.net/wir-ueber-uns/der-lsb-berlin/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 October 2014\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1067\" id=\"mwGRc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141004065645/https://www.lsb-berlin.net/wir-ueber-uns/der-lsb-berlin/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGRg\">\"Der Landessportbund Berlin – Mitglieder\"</a>. LSB. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.lsb-berlin.net/wir-ueber-uns/der-lsb-berlin/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGRk\">the original</a> on 4 October 2014<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGRo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGRs\">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Der+Landessportbund+Berlin+%E2%80%93+Mitglieder&amp;rft.pub=LSB&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsb-berlin.net%2Fwir-ueber-uns%2Fder-lsb-berlin%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1067\" id=\"mwGRw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-284\" id=\"cite_note-284\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"283\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGR0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-284\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGR4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGR8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-284\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1070\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGSA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.newinthecity.de/en/sports-leisure-berlin/2976-berlin-swimming-pools-and-bathing-spots.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin&apos;s swimming pools and bathing spots\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"New in the City\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 February 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160216213503/https://www.newinthecity.de/en/sports-leisure-berlin/2976-berlin-swimming-pools-and-bathing-spots.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"16 February 2016\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1070\" id=\"mwGSE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160216213503/https://www.newinthecity.de/en/sports-leisure-berlin/2976-berlin-swimming-pools-and-bathing-spots.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGSI\">\"Berlin's swimming pools and bathing spots\"</a>. New in the City. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.newinthecity.de/en/sports-leisure-berlin/2976-berlin-swimming-pools-and-bathing-spots.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGSM\">the original</a> on 16 February 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGSQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGSU\">12 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%27s+swimming+pools+and+bathing+spots&amp;rft.pub=New+in+the+City&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newinthecity.de%2Fen%2Fsports-leisure-berlin%2F2976-berlin-swimming-pools-and-bathing-spots.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1070\" id=\"mwGSY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-285\" id=\"cite_note-285\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"284\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGSc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-285\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGSg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGSk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-285\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1073\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGSo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.berlin-sportmetropole.de/english/olympiastuetzpunkt/index.html\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Sports Metropolis\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Be Berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"12 February 2016\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160216042009/https://www.berlin-sportmetropole.de/english/olympiastuetzpunkt/index.html\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"16 February 2016\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1073\" id=\"mwGSs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160216042009/https://www.berlin-sportmetropole.de/english/olympiastuetzpunkt/index.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGSw\">\"Sports Metropolis\"</a>. Be Berlin. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin-sportmetropole.de/english/olympiastuetzpunkt/index.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGS0\">the original</a> on 16 February 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGS4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGS8\">12 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sports+Metropolis&amp;rft.pub=Be+Berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin-sportmetropole.de%2Fenglish%2Folympiastuetzpunkt%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1073\" id=\"mwGTA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Herthabsc.de-2011-286\" id=\"cite_note-Herthabsc.de-2011-286\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"285\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGTE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Herthabsc.de-2011_286-0\" id=\"mwGTI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGTM\">1</span></a> <a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-Herthabsc.de-2011_286-1\" id=\"mwGTQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGTU\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Herthabsc.de-2011-286\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1076\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGTY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.herthabsc.de/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Hertha BSC\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Herthabsc.de\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"27 December 2011\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"23 December 2017\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171223123453/https://www.herthabsc.de/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1076\" id=\"mwGTc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171223123453/https://www.herthabsc.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGTg\">\"Hertha BSC\"</a>. Herthabsc.de. 27 December 2011. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.herthabsc.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGTk\">the original</a> on 23 December 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGTo\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGTs\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hertha+BSC&amp;rft.pub=Herthabsc.de&amp;rft.date=2011-12-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herthabsc.de%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1076\" id=\"mwGTw\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-287\" id=\"cite_note-287\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"286\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGT0\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-287\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGT4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGT8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-287\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1079\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGUA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.fc-union-berlin.de/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Union Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Fc-union-berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 February 2010\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100207225546/https://www.fc-union-berlin.de/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1079\" id=\"mwGUE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.fc-union-berlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGUI\">\"Union Berlin\"</a>. Fc-union-berlin.de. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100207225546/https://www.fc-union-berlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGUM\">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2010<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGUQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGUU\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Union+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Fc-union-berlin.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fc-union-berlin.de%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1079\" id=\"mwGUY\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-288\" id=\"cite_note-288\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"287\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGUc\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-288\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGUg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGUk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-288\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1083\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGUo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.albaberlin.de/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"ALBA Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Albaberlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"10 May 2000\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20000510094130/https://www.albaberlin.de/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1083\" id=\"mwGUs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.albaberlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGUw\">\"ALBA Berlin\"</a>. Albaberlin.de. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20000510094130/https://www.albaberlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGU0\">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2000<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGU4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGU8\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ALBA+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Albaberlin.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albaberlin.de%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1083\" id=\"mwGVA\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-289\" id=\"cite_note-289\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"288\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGVE\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-289\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGVI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGVM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-289\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1086\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGVQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.europeanleague.football/members-of-efl/berlin-thunder\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Thunder\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"europeanleague.football\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"26 May 2021\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"21 May 2021\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210521130817/https://www.europeanleague.football/members-of-efl/berlin-thunder\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1086\" id=\"mwGVU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.europeanleague.football/members-of-efl/berlin-thunder\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGVY\">\"Berlin Thunder\"</a>. europeanleague.football. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210521130817/https://www.europeanleague.football/members-of-efl/berlin-thunder\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGVc\">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2021<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGVg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGVk\">26 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Thunder&amp;rft.pub=europeanleague.football&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanleague.football%2Fmembers-of-efl%2Fberlin-thunder&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1086\" id=\"mwGVo\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-290\" id=\"cite_note-290\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"289\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGVs\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-290\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGVw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGV0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-290\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1089\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGV4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.eisbaeren.de\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Eisbären Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Eisbaeren.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"4 April 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120404224600/https://www.eisbaeren.de/\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"live\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1089\" id=\"mwGV8\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.eisbaeren.de\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGWA\">\"Eisbären Berlin\"</a>. Eisbaeren.de. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120404224600/https://www.eisbaeren.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGWE\">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGWI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGWM\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Eisb%C3%A4ren+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Eisbaeren.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisbaeren.de&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1089\" id=\"mwGWQ\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-291\" id=\"cite_note-291\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"290\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGWU\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-291\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGWY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGWc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-291\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1092\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGWg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.fuechse-berlin.de/\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Füchse Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Fuechse-berlin.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"7 April 2012\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120419192051/https://www.fuechse-berlin.de/\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"19 April 2012\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1092\" id=\"mwGWk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120419192051/https://www.fuechse-berlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGWo\">\"Füchse Berlin\"</a>. Fuechse-berlin.de. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.fuechse-berlin.de/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGWs\">the original</a> on 19 April 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGWw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGW0\">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=F%C3%BCchse+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Fuechse-berlin.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fuechse-berlin.de%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1092\" id=\"mwGW4\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-292\" id=\"cite_note-292\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"291\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGW8\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-292\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGXA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGXE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-292\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1095\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGXI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://berliner-rugby-club.de\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner RC\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berliner.de\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 January 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1095\" id=\"mwGXM\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://berliner-rugby-club.de\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGXQ\">\"Berliner RC\"</a>. Berliner.de<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGXU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGXY\">1 January</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berliner+RC&amp;rft.pub=Berliner.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberliner-rugby-club.de&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1095\" id=\"mwGXc\"></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-293\" id=\"cite_note-293\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"292\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwGXg\"><a href=\"./Berlin#cite_ref-293\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwGXk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwGXo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-293\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1098\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGXs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://fcliria.berlin\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Liria Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Fciliria.berlin\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"1 January 2026\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt1098\" id=\"mwGXw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://fcliria.berlin\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGX0\">\"Liria Berlin\"</a>. Fciliria.berlin<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwGX4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwGX8\">1 January</span> 2026</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Liria+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Fciliria.berlin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffcliria.berlin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt1098\" id=\"mwGYA\"></span></span></li>\n</ol></div></div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"55\" id=\"mwGYE\"><h3 id=\"Sources\">Sources</h3>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1107\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGYI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"refbegin\",\"href\":\"./Template:Refbegin\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite EB1911\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_EB1911\"},\"params\":{\"wstitle\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Ashworth\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Philip Arthur\"},\"author1-link\":{\"wt\":\"Philip Arthur Ashworth\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Phillips\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Walter Alison\"},\"author2-link\":{\"wt\":\"Walter Alison Phillips\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"785–791\"}},\"i\":1}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Chandler\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Tertius\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Edwin Mellen Pr\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1987\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-88946-207-6\"}},\"i\":2}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"editor-last\":{\"wt\":\"Daum\"},\"editor-first\":{\"wt\":\"Andreas\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin ‒ Washington, 1800‒2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Berghahn\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2006\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-521-84117-7\"}},\"i\":3}},\"\\n* [[Andreas Daum|Daum, Andreas]]. &apos;&apos;Kennedy in Berlin&apos;&apos;. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ISBN\",\"href\":\"./Template:ISBN\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-521-85824-3\"}},\"i\":4}},\".\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Gill\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Anton\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A Dance Between Flames: Berlin Between the Wars\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"John Murray\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1993\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-7195-4986-1\"}},\"i\":5}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Gross\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Leonard\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Last Jews in Berlin\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1999\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-7867-0687-7\"}},\"i\":6}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Large\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"David Clay\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.org/details/berlin00larg_0\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"registration\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Basic Books\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2001\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-465-02632-6\"}},\"i\":7}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Maclean\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Rory\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin: Imagine a City\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2014\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-297-84803-5\"}},\"i\":8}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Read\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Anthony\"},\"author2\":{\"wt\":\"David Fisher\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin Rising: Biography of a City\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"W.W. Norton\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1994\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-393-03606-0\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://archive.org/details/berlinrisingbiog00read\"}},\"i\":9}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Reissner\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Alexander\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Berlin 1675-1945: The Rise and Fall of a Metropolis, a Panoramic View\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Oswald Wolff\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1984\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-85496-140-5\"}},\"i\":10}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Ribbe\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Wolfgang\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Geschichte Berlins\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Bwv – Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2002\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-3-8305-0166-4\"}},\"i\":11}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Roth\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Joseph\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"What I Saw: Reports from Berlin 1920–33\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Granta Books\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2004\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-86207-636-5\"}},\"i\":12}},\"\\n* \",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Taylor\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Frederick\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Berlin Wall: 13 August 1961 – 9 November 1989\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2007\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-06-078614-4\"}},\"i\":13}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"refend\",\"href\":\"./Template:Refend\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":14}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1365158831\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1108\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Refbegin/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents section>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents section>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents section>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style></span><div class=\"refbegin  \n    \" style=\"\" about=\"#mwt1107\" id=\"mwGYM\">\n<ul><li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1110\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFAshworthPhillips1911\" class=\"citation encyclopaedia cs1\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Philip_Arthur_Ashworth\" title=\"Philip Arthur Ashworth\">Ashworth, Philip Arthur</a>; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Walter_Alison_Phillips\" title=\"Walter Alison Phillips\">Phillips, Walter Alison</a> (1911). <span class=\"cs1-ws-icon\" title=\"s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Berlin\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Berlin\" class=\"external text\">\"Berlin\"<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span></a></span>. In <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hugh_Chisholm\" title=\"Hugh Chisholm\">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition\" title=\"Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>3 (11th<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"nowrap\">785–</span>791.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Berlin&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.pages=785-791&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rft.aulast=Ashworth&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip+Arthur&amp;rft.au=Phillips%2C+Walter+Alison&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference\"/></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1112\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFChandler1987\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Chandler, Tertius (1987). <i>Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census</i>. Edwin Mellen Pr. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-88946-207-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-88946-207-6\"><bdi>978-0-88946-207-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Four+Thousand+Years+of+Urban+Growth%3A+An+Historical+Census&amp;rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Pr&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-88946-207-6&amp;rft.aulast=Chandler&amp;rft.aufirst=Tertius&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1114\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFDaum2006\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Daum, Andreas, ed. (2006). <i>Berlin ‒ Washington, 1800‒2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities</i>. Berghahn. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84117-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84117-7\"><bdi>978-0-521-84117-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+%E2%80%92+Washington%2C+1800%E2%80%922000%3A+Capital+Cities%2C+Cultural+Representation%2C+and+National+Identities&amp;rft.pub=Berghahn&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-84117-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Andreas_Daum\" title=\"Andreas Daum\">Daum, Andreas</a>. <i>Kennedy in Berlin</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1116\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85824-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85824-3\"><bdi>978-0-521-85824-3</bdi></a>.</li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1118\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFGill1993\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Gill, Anton (1993). <i>A Dance Between Flames: Berlin Between the Wars</i>. John Murray. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-4986-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-4986-1\"><bdi>978-0-7195-4986-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Dance+Between+Flames%3A+Berlin+Between+the+Wars&amp;rft.pub=John+Murray&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7195-4986-1&amp;rft.aulast=Gill&amp;rft.aufirst=Anton&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1120\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFGross1999\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Gross, Leonard (1999). <i>The Last Jews in Berlin</i>. Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-0687-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-0687-7\"><bdi>978-0-7867-0687-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Last+Jews+in+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7867-0687-7&amp;rft.aulast=Gross&amp;rft.aufirst=Leonard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1122\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFLarge2001\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Large, David Clay (2001). <span class=\"id-lock-registration\" title=\"Free registration required\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/berlin00larg_0\" class=\"external text\"><i>Berlin</i></a></span>. Basic Books. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02632-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02632-6\"><bdi>978-0-465-02632-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Books&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-465-02632-6&amp;rft.aulast=Large&amp;rft.aufirst=David+Clay&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fberlin00larg_0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1124\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFMaclean2014\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Maclean, Rory (2014). <i>Berlin: Imagine a City</i>. Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84803-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84803-5\"><bdi>978-0-297-84803-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin%3A+Imagine+a+City&amp;rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-297-84803-5&amp;rft.aulast=Maclean&amp;rft.aufirst=Rory&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1126\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFReadDavid_Fisher1994\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Read, Anthony; David Fisher (1994). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/berlinrisingbiog00read\" class=\"external text\"><i>Berlin Rising: Biography of a City</i></a>. W.W. Norton. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03606-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03606-0\"><bdi>978-0-393-03606-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+Rising%3A+Biography+of+a+City&amp;rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-393-03606-0&amp;rft.aulast=Read&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony&amp;rft.au=David+Fisher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fberlinrisingbiog00read&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1128\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFReissner1984\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Reissner, Alexander (1984). <i>Berlin 1675-1945: The Rise and Fall of a Metropolis, a Panoramic View</i>. Oswald Wolff. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-85496-140-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-85496-140-5\"><bdi>978-0-85496-140-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Berlin+1675-1945%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+a+Metropolis%2C+a+Panoramic+View&amp;rft.pub=Oswald+Wolff&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85496-140-5&amp;rft.aulast=Reissner&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1130\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFRibbe2002\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Ribbe, Wolfgang (2002). <i>Geschichte Berlins</i>. Bwv – Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-3-8305-0166-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-3-8305-0166-4\"><bdi>978-3-8305-0166-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Geschichte+Berlins&amp;rft.pub=Bwv+%E2%80%93+Berliner+Wissenschafts-Verlag&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-8305-0166-4&amp;rft.aulast=Ribbe&amp;rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1132\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFRoth2004\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Roth, Joseph (2004). <i>What I Saw: Reports from Berlin 1920–33</i>. Granta Books. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-1-86207-636-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-1-86207-636-5\"><bdi>978-1-86207-636-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=What+I+Saw%3A+Reports+from+Berlin+1920%E2%80%9333&amp;rft.pub=Granta+Books&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-86207-636-5&amp;rft.aulast=Roth&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt1134\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><cite id=\"CITEREFTaylor2007\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Taylor, Frederick (2007). <i>The Berlin Wall: 13 August 1961 – 9 November 1989</i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bloomsbury_Publishing\" title=\"Bloomsbury Publishing\">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078614-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078614-4\"><bdi>978-0-06-078614-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Berlin+Wall%3A+13+August+1961+%E2%80%93+9+November+1989&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-078614-4&amp;rft.aulast=Taylor&amp;rft.aufirst=Frederick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerlin\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li></ul>\n</div>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"56\" id=\"mwGYQ\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2>\n<ul id=\"mwGYU\"><li id=\"mwGYY\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.berlin.de/en/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwGYc\">berlin.de</a> – official website</li>\n<li id=\"mwGYg\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion mw:File\" about=\"#mwt1136\" id=\"mwGYk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"OSM relation\",\"href\":\"./Template:OSM_relation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"62422\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><a href=\"./File:Openstreetmap_logo.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Openstreetmap_logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/20px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/40px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"icon\" data-file-width=\"256\" data-file-height=\"256\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><span about=\"#mwt1136\"> Geographic data related to </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/62422\" about=\"#mwt1136\" class=\"external text\">Berlin</a><span about=\"#mwt1136\"> at </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./OpenStreetMap\" title=\"OpenStreetMap\" about=\"#mwt1136\" id=\"mwGYo\">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul>\n\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\" about=\"#mwt1137\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGYs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Navboxes\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Navboxes\"},\"params\":{\"list\":{\"wt\":\"{{Berlin}}\\n{{Boroughs of Berlin}}\\n{{Cities in 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.navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Links_to_related_articles106\" style=\"padding:3px\" about=\"#mwt1137\" id=\"mwGYw\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"background:#e8e8ff;color:inherit;\"><div id=\"Links_to_related_articles106\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%\"><div style=\"padding:0px\">\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1139\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:\": \"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:\"\\a0 · \";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:\" (\";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:\")\";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:\" \"counter(listitem)\"\\a0 \"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:\" (\"counter(listitem)\"\\a0 \"}</style><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1140\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Berlin_topics1686\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1141\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1142\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Berlin\" title=\"Template:Berlin\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Berlin\" title=\"Template talk:Berlin\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:Berlin\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Berlin\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Berlin_topics1686\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Administration</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Politics_of_Berlin\" title=\"Politics of Berlin\">Politics</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Coat_of_arms_of_Berlin\" title=\"Coat of arms of Berlin\">Coat of arms</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Flag_of_Berlin\" title=\"Flag of Berlin\">Flag</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boroughs_and_neighborhoods_of_Berlin\" title=\"Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Subdivisions</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Elections_in_Berlin\" title=\"Elections in Berlin\">Elections</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_House_of_Representatives\" title=\"Berlin House of Representatives\">Parliament</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Senate_of_Berlin\" title=\"Senate of Berlin\">Senate</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin\" title=\"Governing Mayor of Berlin\">Mayor</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin_Police\" title=\"Berlin Police\">Police</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Culture</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Culture_in_Berlin\" title=\"Culture in Berlin\">Culture</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Music_in_Berlin\" title=\"Music in Berlin\">Music</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Architecture_in_Berlin\" title=\"Architecture in Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Architecture</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of tallest buildings in Berlin\">Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Media_in_Berlin\" title=\"Media in Berlin\">Media</a></li>\n<li>Films\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Films_set_in_Berlin\" title=\"Films set in Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">set in Berlin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:Films_shot_in_Berlin\" title=\"Category:Films shot in Berlin\">shot in Berlin</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Sport in Berlin\">Sports</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Football_in_Berlin\" title=\"Football in Berlin\">Football</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Society</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./History_of_Berlin\" title=\"History of Berlin\">History</a>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Timeline_of_Berlin\" title=\"Timeline of Berlin\">timeline</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Geography_of_Berlin\" title=\"Geography of Berlin\">Geography</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlinerisch_dialect\" title=\"Berlinerisch dialect\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Dialect</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Demographics_of_Berlin\" title=\"Demographics of Berlin\">Demographics</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Economy_of_Berlin\" title=\"Economy of Berlin\">Economy</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Education_in_Berlin\" title=\"Education in Berlin\">Education</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Transport_in_Berlin\" title=\"Transport in Berlin\">Transport</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Religion_in_Berlin\" title=\"Religion in Berlin\">Religion</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Other topics</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin/Brandenburg_Metropolitan_Region\" title=\"Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region\">Metro Region</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_sights_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of sights in Berlin\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sights</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_castles_in_Berlin_and_Brandenburg\" title=\"List of castles in Berlin and Brandenburg\">Castles</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_museums_and_galleries_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of museums and galleries in Berlin\">Museums</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_places_of_worship_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of places of worship in Berlin\">Places of worship</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Universities_and_research_institutions_in_Berlin\" title=\"Universities and research institutions in Berlin\">Universities</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Berlin\" title=\"List of parks and gardens in Berlin\">Parks and gardens</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Category\"}'><span title=\"Category\"><img resource=\"./File:Symbol_category_class.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:Berlin\" title=\"Category:Berlin\">Category</a></li>\n<li><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Portal\"}'><a href=\"./File:Symbol_portal_class.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Portal\"><img resource=\"./File:Symbol_portal_class.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:Germany\" title=\"Portal:Germany\">Germany portal</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1143\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1144\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Boroughs_and_quarters_of_Berlin3700\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1145\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1146\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Boroughs_of_Berlin\" title=\"Template:Boroughs of Berlin\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Boroughs_of_Berlin\" title=\"Template talk:Boroughs of Berlin\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:Boroughs_of_Berlin\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Boroughs of Berlin\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Boroughs_and_quarters_of_Berlin3700\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boroughs_and_quarters_of_Berlin\" title=\"Boroughs and quarters of Berlin\">Boroughs and quarters of Berlin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf\" title=\"Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf\">Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf</a> (4)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg\" title=\"Charlottenburg\">Charlottenburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Charlottenburg-Nord\" title=\"Charlottenburg-Nord\">Charlottenburg-Nord</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Grunewald_(locality)\" title=\"Grunewald (locality)\">Grunewald</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Halensee\" title=\"Halensee\">Halensee</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schmargendorf\" title=\"Schmargendorf\">Schmargendorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Westend_(Berlin)\" title=\"Westend (Berlin)\">Westend</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wilmersdorf\" title=\"Wilmersdorf\">Wilmersdorf</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg\" title=\"Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg\">Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg</a> (2)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshain\" title=\"Friedrichshain\">Friedrichshain</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kreuzberg\" title=\"Kreuzberg\">Kreuzberg</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Lichtenberg.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Lichtenberg.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Lichtenberg.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Lichtenberg.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Lichtenberg.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lichtenberg,_Berlin\" title=\"Lichtenberg, Berlin\">Lichtenberg</a> (11)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alt-Hohenschönhausen\" title=\"Alt-Hohenschönhausen\">Alt-Hohenschönhausen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Falkenberg_(Berlin)\" title=\"Falkenberg (Berlin)\">Falkenberg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fennpfuhl\" title=\"Fennpfuhl\">Fennpfuhl</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichsfelde\" title=\"Friedrichsfelde\">Friedrichsfelde</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Karlshorst\" title=\"Karlshorst\">Karlshorst</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lichtenberg_(locality)\" title=\"Lichtenberg (locality)\">Lichtenberg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Malchow_(Berlin)\" title=\"Malchow (Berlin)\">Malchow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neu-Hohenschönhausen\" title=\"Neu-Hohenschönhausen\">Neu-Hohenschönhausen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rummelsburg\" title=\"Rummelsburg\">Rummelsburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wartenberg_(Berlin)\" title=\"Wartenberg (Berlin)\">Wartenberg</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Marzahn-Hellersdorf.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Marzahn-Hellersdorf.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Marzahn-Hellersdorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Marzahn-Hellersdorf.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Marzahn-Hellersdorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Marzahn-Hellersdorf\" title=\"Marzahn-Hellersdorf\">Marzahn-Hellersdorf</a> (10)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Biesdorf_(Berlin)\" title=\"Biesdorf (Berlin)\">Biesdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hellersdorf\" title=\"Hellersdorf\">Hellersdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaulsdorf_(Berlin)\" title=\"Kaulsdorf (Berlin)\">Kaulsdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mahlsdorf\" title=\"Mahlsdorf\">Mahlsdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Marzahn\" title=\"Marzahn\">Marzahn</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Mitte.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Mitte.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Mitte.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Mitte.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Mitte.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mitte\" title=\"Mitte\">Mitte</a> (1)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gesundbrunnen_(Berlin)\" title=\"Gesundbrunnen (Berlin)\">Gesundbrunnen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hansaviertel\" title=\"Hansaviertel\">Hansaviertel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mitte_(locality)\" title=\"Mitte (locality)\">Mitte</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moabit\" title=\"Moabit\">Moabit</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tiergarten_(district)\" title=\"Tiergarten (district)\">Tiergarten</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wedding_(Berlin)\" title=\"Wedding (Berlin)\">Wedding</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Neukoelln.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Neukoelln.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Neukoelln.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Neukoelln.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Neukoelln.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neukölln\" title=\"Neukölln\">Neukölln</a> (8)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Britz\" title=\"Britz\">Britz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Buckow_(Berlin)\" title=\"Buckow (Berlin)\">Buckow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gropiusstadt\" title=\"Gropiusstadt\">Gropiusstadt</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neukölln_(locality)\" title=\"Neukölln (locality)\">Neukölln</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rudow\" title=\"Rudow\">Rudow</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Pankow.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Pankow.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Pankow.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Pankow.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Pankow.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pankow\" title=\"Pankow\">Pankow</a> (3)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Blankenburg_(Berlin)\" title=\"Blankenburg (Berlin)\">Blankenburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Blankenfelde\" title=\"Blankenfelde\">Blankenfelde</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Buch_(Berlin)\" title=\"Buch (Berlin)\">Buch</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Französisch_Buchholz\" title=\"Französisch Buchholz\">Französisch Buchholz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Heinersdorf\" title=\"Heinersdorf\">Heinersdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Karow_(Berlin)\" title=\"Karow (Berlin)\">Karow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Niederschönhausen\" title=\"Niederschönhausen\">Niederschönhausen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pankow_(locality)\" title=\"Pankow (locality)\">Pankow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prenzlauer_Berg\" title=\"Prenzlauer Berg\">Prenzlauer Berg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rosenthal_(Berlin)\" title=\"Rosenthal (Berlin)\">Rosenthal</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stadtrandsiedlung_Malchow\" title=\"Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow\">Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Weißensee_(Berlin)\" title=\"Weißensee (Berlin)\">Weißensee</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wilhelmsruh\" title=\"Wilhelmsruh\">Wilhelmsruh</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Reinickendorf.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Reinickendorf.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Reinickendorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Reinickendorf.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Reinickendorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reinickendorf\" title=\"Reinickendorf\">Reinickendorf</a> (12)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Borsigwalde\" title=\"Borsigwalde\">Borsigwalde</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frohnau\" title=\"Frohnau\">Frohnau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Heiligensee\" title=\"Heiligensee\">Heiligensee</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hermsdorf_(Berlin)\" title=\"Hermsdorf (Berlin)\">Hermsdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Konradshöhe\" title=\"Konradshöhe\">Konradshöhe</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lübars\" title=\"Lübars\">Lübars</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Märkisches_Viertel\" title=\"Märkisches Viertel\">Märkisches Viertel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reinickendorf_(locality)\" title=\"Reinickendorf (locality)\">Reinickendorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tegel\" title=\"Tegel\">Tegel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Waidmannslust\" title=\"Waidmannslust\">Waidmannslust</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wittenau\" title=\"Wittenau\">Wittenau</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spandau\" title=\"Spandau\">Spandau</a> (5)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Falkenhagener_Feld\" title=\"Falkenhagener Feld\">Falkenhagener Feld</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gatow\" title=\"Gatow\">Gatow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hakenfelde\" title=\"Hakenfelde\">Hakenfelde</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Haselhorst\" title=\"Haselhorst\">Haselhorst</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kladow\" title=\"Kladow\">Kladow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Siemensstadt\" title=\"Siemensstadt\">Siemensstadt</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spandau_(locality)\" title=\"Spandau (locality)\">Spandau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Staaken\" title=\"Staaken\">Staaken</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wilhelmstadt\" title=\"Wilhelmstadt\">Wilhelmstadt</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Steglitz-Zehlendorf.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Steglitz-Zehlendorf.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Steglitz-Zehlendorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Steglitz-Zehlendorf.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Steglitz-Zehlendorf.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Steglitz-Zehlendorf\" title=\"Steglitz-Zehlendorf\">Steglitz-Zehlendorf</a> (6)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dahlem_(Berlin)\" title=\"Dahlem (Berlin)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Dahlem</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lankwitz\" title=\"Lankwitz\">Lankwitz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lichterfelde_(Berlin)\" title=\"Lichterfelde (Berlin)\">Lichterfelde</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nikolassee\" title=\"Nikolassee\">Nikolassee</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schlachtensee_(locality)\" title=\"Schlachtensee (locality)\">Schlachtensee</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Steglitz\" title=\"Steglitz\">Steglitz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wannsee\" title=\"Wannsee\">Wannsee</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zehlendorf_(Berlin)\" title=\"Zehlendorf (Berlin)\">Zehlendorf</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Tempelhof-Schoeneberg.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Tempelhof-Schoeneberg.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Tempelhof-Schoeneberg.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Tempelhof-Schoeneberg.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Tempelhof-Schoeneberg.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempelhof-Schöneberg\" title=\"Tempelhof-Schöneberg\">Tempelhof-Schöneberg</a> (7)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedenau\" title=\"Friedenau\">Friedenau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lichtenrade\" title=\"Lichtenrade\">Lichtenrade</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mariendorf\" title=\"Mariendorf\">Mariendorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Marienfelde\" title=\"Marienfelde\">Marienfelde</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schöneberg\" title=\"Schöneberg\">Schöneberg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tempelhof\" title=\"Tempelhof\">Tempelhof</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Treptow-Koepenick.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Treptow-Koepenick.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Treptow-Koepenick.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Treptow-Koepenick.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Treptow-Koepenick.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"572\" data-file-height=\"846\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"22\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Treptow-Köpenick\" title=\"Treptow-Köpenick\">Treptow-Köpenick</a> (9)</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adlershof\" title=\"Adlershof\">Adlershof</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Alt-Treptow\" title=\"Alt-Treptow\">Alt-Treptow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Altglienicke\" title=\"Altglienicke\">Altglienicke</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Baumschulenweg\" title=\"Baumschulenweg\">Baumschulenweg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bohnsdorf\" title=\"Bohnsdorf\">Bohnsdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Friedrichshagen\" title=\"Friedrichshagen\">Friedrichshagen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Grünau_(Berlin)\" title=\"Grünau (Berlin)\"> Grünau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Johannisthal_(Berlin)\" title=\"Johannisthal (Berlin)\">Johannisthal</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Köpenick\" title=\"Köpenick\">Köpenick</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Müggelheim\" title=\"Müggelheim\">Müggelheim</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Niederschöneweide\" title=\"Niederschöneweide\">Niederschöneweide</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oberschöneweide\" title=\"Oberschöneweide\">Oberschöneweide</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Plänterwald\" title=\"Plänterwald\">Plänterwald</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rahnsdorf\" title=\"Rahnsdorf\">Rahnsdorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schmöckwitz\" title=\"Schmöckwitz\">Schmöckwitz</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:Districts_of_Berlin\" title=\"Category:Districts of Berlin\">Districts</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:Boroughs_and_quarters_of_Berlin\" title=\"Category:Boroughs and quarters of Berlin\">Boroughs and quarters</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:Zones_of_Berlin\" title=\"Category:Zones of Berlin\">Zones</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Greater_Berlin_Act\" title=\"Greater Berlin Act\">Greater Berlin Act</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:Former_boroughs_of_Berlin\" title=\"Category:Former boroughs of Berlin\">Former boroughs</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1147\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1148\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Cities_in_Germany_by_population1771\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1149\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1150\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Cities_in_Germany\" title=\"Template:Cities in Germany\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany\" title=\"Template talk:Cities in Germany\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Cities_in_Germany_by_population1771\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population\" title=\"List of cities in Germany by population\">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">1,000,000+</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cologne\" title=\"Cologne\">Cologne</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamburg\" title=\"Hamburg\">Hamburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Munich\" title=\"Munich\">Munich</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">500,000+</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bremen\" title=\"Bremen\">Bremen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dortmund\" title=\"Dortmund\">Dortmund</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dresden\" title=\"Dresden\">Dresden</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Duisburg\" title=\"Duisburg\">Duisburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Düsseldorf\" title=\"Düsseldorf\">Düsseldorf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Essen\" title=\"Essen\">Essen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frankfurt\" title=\"Frankfurt\">Frankfurt am Main</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hanover\" title=\"Hanover\">Hanover</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Leipzig\" title=\"Leipzig\">Leipzig</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nuremberg\" title=\"Nuremberg\">Nuremberg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stuttgart\" title=\"Stuttgart\">Stuttgart</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">200,000+</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Aachen\" title=\"Aachen\">Aachen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Augsburg\" title=\"Augsburg\">Augsburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bielefeld\" title=\"Bielefeld\">Bielefeld</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bochum\" title=\"Bochum\">Bochum</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bonn\" title=\"Bonn\">Bonn</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Braunschweig\" title=\"Braunschweig\">Braunschweig</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Chemnitz\" title=\"Chemnitz\">Chemnitz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Erfurt\" title=\"Erfurt\">Erfurt</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Freiburg_im_Breisgau\" title=\"Freiburg im Breisgau\">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gelsenkirchen\" title=\"Gelsenkirchen\">Gelsenkirchen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Halle_(Saale)\" title=\"Halle (Saale)\">Halle (Saale)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Karlsruhe\" title=\"Karlsruhe\">Karlsruhe</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kassel\" title=\"Kassel\">Kassel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kiel\" title=\"Kiel\">Kiel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Krefeld\" title=\"Krefeld\">Krefeld</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lübeck\" title=\"Lübeck\">Lübeck</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Magdeburg\" title=\"Magdeburg\">Magdeburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mainz\" title=\"Mainz\">Mainz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mannheim\" title=\"Mannheim\">Mannheim</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Münster\" title=\"Münster\">Münster</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mönchengladbach\" title=\"Mönchengladbach\">Mönchengladbach</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oberhausen\" title=\"Oberhausen\">Oberhausen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rostock\" title=\"Rostock\">Rostock</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wiesbaden\" title=\"Wiesbaden\">Wiesbaden</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wuppertal\" title=\"Wuppertal\">Wuppertal</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">100,000+</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bergisch_Gladbach\" title=\"Bergisch Gladbach\">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bottrop\" title=\"Bottrop\">Bottrop</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bremerhaven\" title=\"Bremerhaven\">Bremerhaven</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Darmstadt\" title=\"Darmstadt\">Darmstadt</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Erlangen\" title=\"Erlangen\">Erlangen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fürth\" title=\"Fürth\">Fürth</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Göttingen\" title=\"Göttingen\">Göttingen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gütersloh\" title=\"Gütersloh\">Gütersloh</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hagen\" title=\"Hagen\">Hagen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamm,_Westphalia\" title=\"Hamm, Westphalia\">Hamm</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hanau\" title=\"Hanau\">Hanau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Heidelberg\" title=\"Heidelberg\">Heidelberg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Heilbronn\" title=\"Heilbronn\">Heilbronn</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia\" title=\"Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia\">Herne</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hildesheim\" title=\"Hildesheim\">Hildesheim</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ingolstadt\" title=\"Ingolstadt\">Ingolstadt</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Jena\" title=\"Jena\">Jena</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaiserslautern\" title=\"Kaiserslautern\">Kaiserslautern</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Koblenz\" title=\"Koblenz\">Koblenz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Leverkusen\" title=\"Leverkusen\">Leverkusen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ludwigshafen\" title=\"Ludwigshafen\">Ludwigshafen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moers\" title=\"Moers\">Moers</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mülheim\" title=\"Mülheim\">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neuss\" title=\"Neuss\">Neuss</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Offenbach_am_Main\" title=\"Offenbach am Main\">Offenbach am Main</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oldenburg_(city)\" title=\"Oldenburg (city)\">Oldenburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Osnabrück\" title=\"Osnabrück\">Osnabrück</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Paderborn\" title=\"Paderborn\">Paderborn</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pforzheim\" title=\"Pforzheim\">Pforzheim</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdam\" title=\"Potsdam\">Potsdam</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Recklinghausen\" title=\"Recklinghausen\">Recklinghausen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Regensburg\" title=\"Regensburg\">Regensburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Remscheid\" title=\"Remscheid\">Remscheid</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reutlingen\" title=\"Reutlingen\">Reutlingen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saarbrücken\" title=\"Saarbrücken\">Saarbrücken</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Salzgitter\" title=\"Salzgitter\">Salzgitter</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Siegen\" title=\"Siegen\">Siegen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Solingen\" title=\"Solingen\">Solingen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trier\" title=\"Trier\">Trier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ulm\" title=\"Ulm\">Ulm</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wolfsburg\" title=\"Wolfsburg\">Wolfsburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Würzburg\" title=\"Würzburg\">Würzburg</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany\" title=\"List of cities and towns in Germany\">Complete list</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_municipalities_in_Germany\" title=\"List of municipalities in Germany\">Municipalities</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany\" title=\"Metropolitan regions in Germany\">Metropolitan regions</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population\" title=\"List of cities in Germany by population\">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1151\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1152\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany843\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"3\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1153\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1154\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany\" title=\"Template:States of the Federal Republic of Germany\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany\" title=\"Template talk:States of the Federal Republic of Germany\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:States of the Federal Republic of Germany\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany843\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\">States of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">States</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Baden-Württemberg\" title=\"Baden-Württemberg\">Baden-Württemberg</a> (since 1952)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bavaria\" title=\"Bavaria\">Bavaria</a> (since 1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg\" title=\"Brandenburg\">Brandenburg</a> (since 1990)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hesse\" title=\"Hesse\">Hesse</a> (since 1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lower_Saxony\" title=\"Lower Saxony\">Lower Saxony</a> (since 1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" title=\"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> (since 1990)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./North_Rhine-Westphalia\" title=\"North Rhine-Westphalia\">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> (since 1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rhineland-Palatinate\" title=\"Rhineland-Palatinate\">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> (since 1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saarland\" title=\"Saarland\">Saarland</a> (since 1957)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saxony\" title=\"Saxony\">Saxony</a> (since 1990)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saxony-Anhalt\" title=\"Saxony-Anhalt\">Saxony-Anhalt</a> (since 1990)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schleswig-Holstein\" title=\"Schleswig-Holstein\">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (since 1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Thuringia\" title=\"Thuringia\">Thuringia</a> (since 1990)</li></ul>\n</div></td><td class=\"noviewer navbox-image\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px\"><div><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"States of Germany\"}'><a href=\"./File:States_of_Germany.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"States of Germany\"><img resource=\"./File:States_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/120px-States_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/250px-States_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"States of Germany\" data-file-width=\"592\" data-file-height=\"801\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"95\" width=\"70\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">City-states</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a> (since 1990)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bremen_(state)\" title=\"Bremen (state)\">Bremen</a> (since 1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamburg\" title=\"Hamburg\">Hamburg</a> (since 1949)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Former states</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./South_Baden\" title=\"South Baden\">South Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Württemberg-Baden\" title=\"Württemberg-Baden\">Württemberg-Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Württemberg-Hohenzollern\" title=\"Württemberg-Hohenzollern\">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a> (1949–1952)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1155\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1156\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Capitals_of_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany1087\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1157\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1158\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany\" title=\"Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany\" title=\"Template talk:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Capitals_of_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany1087\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Capitals of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\">states of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Capitals of area states</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dresden\" title=\"Dresden\">Dresden</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saxony\" title=\"Saxony\">Saxony</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Düsseldorf\" title=\"Düsseldorf\">Düsseldorf</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./North_Rhine-Westphalia\" title=\"North Rhine-Westphalia\">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Erfurt\" title=\"Erfurt\">Erfurt</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Thuringia\" title=\"Thuringia\">Thuringia</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hanover\" title=\"Hanover\">Hanover</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lower_Saxony\" title=\"Lower Saxony\">Lower Saxony</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kiel\" title=\"Kiel\">Kiel</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schleswig-Holstein\" title=\"Schleswig-Holstein\">Schleswig-Holstein</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Magdeburg\" title=\"Magdeburg\">Magdeburg</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saxony-Anhalt\" title=\"Saxony-Anhalt\">Saxony-Anhalt</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mainz\" title=\"Mainz\">Mainz</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rhineland-Palatinate\" title=\"Rhineland-Palatinate\">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Munich\" title=\"Munich\">Munich</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bavaria\" title=\"Bavaria\">Bavaria</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdam\" title=\"Potsdam\">Potsdam</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brandenburg\" title=\"Brandenburg\">Brandenburg</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saarbrücken\" title=\"Saarbrücken\">Saarbrücken</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saarland\" title=\"Saarland\">Saarland</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schwerin\" title=\"Schwerin\">Schwerin</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" title=\"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stuttgart\" title=\"Stuttgart\">Stuttgart</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Baden-Württemberg\" title=\"Baden-Württemberg\">Baden-Württemberg</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wiesbaden\" title=\"Wiesbaden\">Wiesbaden</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hesse\" title=\"Hesse\">Hesse</a>)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City-state\" title=\"City-state\">City-states</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bremen\" title=\"Bremen\">City of Bremen</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bremen_(state)\" title=\"Bremen (state)\">State of Bremen</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamburg\" title=\"Hamburg\">Hamburg</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Capitals of former states</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Freiburg_im_Breisgau\" title=\"Freiburg im Breisgau\">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./South_Baden\" title=\"South Baden\">South Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stuttgart\" title=\"Stuttgart\">Stuttgart</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Württemberg-Baden\" title=\"Württemberg-Baden\">Württemberg-Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tübingen\" title=\"Tübingen\">Tübingen</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Württemberg-Hohenzollern\" title=\"Württemberg-Hohenzollern\">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a>, 1949–1952)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li><sup>1</sup> Unlike the mono-city states Berlin and Hamburg, the State of Bremen consists of two cities, thus state and capital are not identical.</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1159\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1160\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Capitals_of_Europe18050\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1161\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1162\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region\" title=\"Template:List of European capitals by region\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region\" title=\"Template talk:List of European capitals by region\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Capitals_of_Europe18050\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Capital_city\" title=\"Capital city\">Capitals</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>Capitals of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dependent_territory\" title=\"Dependent territory\">dependent territories</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_states_with_limited_recognition\" title=\"List of states with limited recognition\">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Sovereign states</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amsterdam\" title=\"Amsterdam\">Amsterdam</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Andorra_la_Vella\" title=\"Andorra la Vella\">Andorra la Vella</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Andorra</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ankara\" title=\"Ankara\">Ankara</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Turkey<sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Astana\" title=\"Astana\">Astana</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Athens\" title=\"Athens\">Athens</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Greece</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Baku\" title=\"Baku\">Baku</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Belgrade\" title=\"Belgrade\">Belgrade</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Serbia</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Germany</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bern\" title=\"Bern\">Bern</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Switzerland</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bratislava\" title=\"Bratislava\">Bratislava</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Slovakia</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brussels\" title=\"Brussels\">Brussels</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Belgium<sup>3</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bucharest\" title=\"Bucharest\">Bucharest</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Romania</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Budapest\" title=\"Budapest\">Budapest</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Hungary</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Chișinău\" title=\"Chișinău\">Chișinău</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Moldova</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Copenhagen\" title=\"Copenhagen\">Copenhagen</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Denmark</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dublin\" title=\"Dublin\">Dublin</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Ireland</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Helsinki\" title=\"Helsinki\">Helsinki</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Finland</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kyiv\" title=\"Kyiv\">Kyiv</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Ukraine</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lisbon\" title=\"Lisbon\">Lisbon</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Portugal</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ljubljana\" title=\"Ljubljana\">Ljubljana</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Slovenia</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./London\" title=\"London\">London</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>United Kingdom</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Luxembourg_City\" title=\"Luxembourg City\">Luxembourg</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Luxembourg</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Madrid\" title=\"Madrid\">Madrid</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Spain</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minsk\" title=\"Minsk\">Minsk</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Belarus</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Monaco\" title=\"Monaco\">Monaco</a></b><sup>4</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moscow\" title=\"Moscow\">Moscow</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Russia</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nicosia\" title=\"Nicosia\">Nicosia</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oslo\" title=\"Oslo\">Oslo</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Norway</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>France</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Podgorica\" title=\"Podgorica\">Podgorica</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Montenegro</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prague\" title=\"Prague\">Prague</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Czech Republic</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reykjavík\" title=\"Reykjavík\">Reykjavík</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Iceland</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Riga\" title=\"Riga\">Riga</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Latvia</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rome\" title=\"Rome\">Rome</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Italy</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_of_San_Marino\" title=\"City of San Marino\">San Marino</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>San Marino</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sarajevo\" title=\"Sarajevo\">Sarajevo</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bosnia and Herzegovina</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Skopje\" title=\"Skopje\">Skopje</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>North Macedonia</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sofia\" title=\"Sofia\">Sofia</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bulgaria</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\">Stockholm</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Sweden</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tallinn\" title=\"Tallinn\">Tallinn</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Estonia</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tbilisi\" title=\"Tbilisi\">Tbilisi</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Georgia<sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tirana\" title=\"Tirana\">Tirana</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Albania</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vaduz\" title=\"Vaduz\">Vaduz</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Liechtenstein</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Valletta\" title=\"Valletta\">Valletta</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Malta</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vatican_City\" title=\"Vatican City\">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vienna\" title=\"Vienna\">Vienna</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Austria</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vilnius\" title=\"Vilnius\">Vilnius</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Lithuania</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Warsaw\" title=\"Warsaw\">Warsaw</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Poland</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Yerevan\" title=\"Yerevan\">Yerevan</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Armenia<sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zagreb\" title=\"Zagreb\">Zagreb</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Croatia</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">States with<br/>limited recognition</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./North_Nicosia\" title=\"North Nicosia\">North Nicosia</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pristina\" title=\"Pristina\">Pristina</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kosovo</i></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sokhumi\" title=\"Sokhumi\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sokhumi</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tiraspol\" title=\"Tiraspol\">Tiraspol</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Transnistria</i></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tskhinvali\" title=\"Tskhinvali\">Tskhinvali</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Dependencies</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\">United Kingdom</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom\" title=\"Countries of the United Kingdom\">Constituent countries</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./London\" title=\"London\">London</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>England</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Edinburgh\" title=\"Edinburgh\">Edinburgh</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Scotland</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cardiff\" title=\"Cardiff\">Cardiff</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Wales</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Belfast\" title=\"Belfast\">Belfast</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Northern Ireland</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Crown_Dependencies\" title=\"Crown Dependencies\">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./British_Overseas_Territories\" title=\"British Overseas Territories\">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Douglas,_Isle_of_Man\" title=\"Douglas, Isle of Man\">Douglas</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Isle of Man</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Episkopi_Cantonment\" title=\"Episkopi Cantonment\">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gibraltar\" title=\"Gibraltar\">Gibraltar</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Gibraltar</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./St_Helier\" title=\"St Helier\">St Helier</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Jersey</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saint_Peter_Port\" title=\"Saint Peter Port\">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Guernsey</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Other</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Longyearbyen\" title=\"Longyearbyen\">Longyearbyen</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Svalbard<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Norway)</i></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tórshavn\" title=\"Tórshavn\">Tórshavn</a></b>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Faroe Islands<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Denmark)</i></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Federal states</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Provinces_of_Austria\" title=\"Provinces of Austria\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Austria</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bregenz\" title=\"Bregenz\">Bregenz</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Vorarlberg</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Eisenstadt\" title=\"Eisenstadt\">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Burgenland</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Graz\" title=\"Graz\">Graz</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Styria</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Innsbruck\" title=\"Innsbruck\">Innsbruck</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Tyrol</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Klagenfurt\" title=\"Klagenfurt\">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Carinthia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Linz\" title=\"Linz\">Linz</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Upper Austria</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Salzburg\" title=\"Salzburg\">Salzburg</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Salzburg</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sankt_Pölten\" title=\"Sankt Pölten\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Lower Austria</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vienna\" title=\"Vienna\">Vienna</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Vienna</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Belgium\" title=\"Belgium\">Belgium</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities\" title=\"Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Communities</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_of_Brussels\" title=\"City of Brussels\">Brussels</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Flemish Community and French Community</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Eupen\" title=\"Eupen\">Eupen</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>German-speaking Community</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions\" title=\"Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Regions</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./City_of_Brussels\" title=\"City of Brussels\">Brussels</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Namur\" title=\"Namur\">Namur</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Wallonia</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina\" title=\"Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Banja_Luka\" title=\"Banja Luka\">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto),<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Republika Srpska</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brčko\" title=\"Brčko\">Brčko</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Brčko District</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sarajevo\" title=\"Sarajevo\">Sarajevo</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./States_of_Germany\" title=\"States of Germany\">Germany</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Berlin</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bremen\" title=\"Bremen\">Bremen</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bremen</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dresden\" title=\"Dresden\">Dresden</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Saxony</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Düsseldorf\" title=\"Düsseldorf\">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>North Rhine-Westphalia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Erfurt\" title=\"Erfurt\">Erfurt</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Thuringia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamburg\" title=\"Hamburg\">Hamburg</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Hamburg</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hanover\" title=\"Hanover\">Hanover</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Lower Saxony</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kiel\" title=\"Kiel\">Kiel</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Schleswig-Holstein</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Magdeburg\" title=\"Magdeburg\">Magdeburg</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Saxony-Anhalt</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mainz\" title=\"Mainz\">Mainz</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Rhineland-Palatinate</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Munich\" title=\"Munich\">Munich</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bavaria</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Potsdam\" title=\"Potsdam\">Potsdam</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Brandenburg</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saarbrücken\" title=\"Saarbrücken\">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Saarland</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schwerin\" title=\"Schwerin\">Schwerin</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stuttgart\" title=\"Stuttgart\">Stuttgart</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Baden-Württemberg</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wiesbaden\" title=\"Wiesbaden\">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Hesse</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_subjects_of_Russia\" title=\"Federal subjects of Russia\">Russia</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Republics_of_Russia\" title=\"Republics of Russia\">Republics</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cheboksary\" title=\"Cheboksary\">Cheboksary</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Chuvashia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cherkessk\" title=\"Cherkessk\">Cherkessk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Karachay-Cherkessia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Elista\" title=\"Elista\">Elista</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kalmykia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Grozny\" title=\"Grozny\">Grozny</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Chechnya</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Izhevsk\" title=\"Izhevsk\">Izhevsk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Udmurtia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kazan\" title=\"Kazan\">Kazan</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Tatarstan</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Magas,_Russia\" title=\"Magas, Russia\">Magas</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Ingushetia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Makhachkala\" title=\"Makhachkala\">Makhachkala</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Dagestan</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Maykop\" title=\"Maykop\">Maykop</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Adygea</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nalchik\" title=\"Nalchik\">Nalchik</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kabardino-Balkaria</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Petrozavodsk\" title=\"Petrozavodsk\">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Karelia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saransk\" title=\"Saransk\">Saransk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Mordovia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Simferopol\" title=\"Simferopol\">Simferopol</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Crimea (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Political_status_of_Crimea\" title=\"Political status of Crimea\">disputed</a>)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Syktyvkar\" title=\"Syktyvkar\">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Komi</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ufa\" title=\"Ufa\">Ufa</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bashkortostan</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vladikavkaz\" title=\"Vladikavkaz\">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>North Ossetia–Alania</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Yoshkar-Ola\" title=\"Yoshkar-Ola\">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Mari El</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia\" title=\"Autonomous okrugs of Russia\">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Naryan-Mar\" title=\"Naryan-Mar\">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Nenets</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Krais_of_Russia\" title=\"Krais of Russia\">Krais</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Krasnodar\" title=\"Krasnodar\">Krasnodar</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Krasnodar Krai</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Perm,_Russia\" title=\"Perm, Russia\">Perm</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Perm Krai</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stavropol\" title=\"Stavropol\">Stavropol</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Stavropol Krai</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oblasts_of_Russia\" title=\"Oblasts of Russia\">Oblasts</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Arkhangelsk\" title=\"Arkhangelsk\">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Arkhangelsk Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Astrakhan\" title=\"Astrakhan\">Astrakhan</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Astrakhan Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Belgorod\" title=\"Belgorod\">Belgorod</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Belgorod Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bryansk\" title=\"Bryansk\">Bryansk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bryansk Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ivanovo\" title=\"Ivanovo\">Ivanovo</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Ivanovo Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaliningrad\" title=\"Kaliningrad\">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kaliningrad Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaluga\" title=\"Kaluga\">Kaluga</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kaluga Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast\" title=\"Kirov, Kirov Oblast\">Kirov</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kirov Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kostroma\" title=\"Kostroma\">Kostroma</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kostroma Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast\" title=\"Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast\">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moscow\" title=\"Moscow\">Moscow</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kursk\" title=\"Kursk\">Kursk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kursk Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lipetsk\" title=\"Lipetsk\">Lipetsk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Lipetsk Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Murmansk\" title=\"Murmansk\">Murmansk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Murmansk Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nizhny_Novgorod\" title=\"Nizhny Novgorod\">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Orenburg\" title=\"Orenburg\">Orenburg</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Orenburg Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oryol\" title=\"Oryol\">Oryol</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Oryol Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Penza\" title=\"Penza\">Penza</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Penza Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pskov\" title=\"Pskov\">Pskov</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Pskov Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rostov-on-Don\" title=\"Rostov-on-Don\">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Rostov Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ryazan\" title=\"Ryazan\">Ryazan</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Ryazan Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gatchina\" title=\"Gatchina\">Gatchina</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Leningrad Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Samara\" title=\"Samara\">Samara</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Samara Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saratov\" title=\"Saratov\">Saratov</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Saratov Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Smolensk\" title=\"Smolensk\">Smolensk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Smolensk Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tambov\" title=\"Tambov\">Tambov</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Tambov Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tula,_Russia\" title=\"Tula, Russia\">Tula</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Tula Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tver\" title=\"Tver\">Tver</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Tver Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ulyanovsk\" title=\"Ulyanovsk\">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Ulyanovsk Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Veliky_Novgorod\" title=\"Veliky Novgorod\">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Novgorod Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vladimir,_Russia\" title=\"Vladimir, Russia\">Vladimir</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Vladimir Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Volgograd\" title=\"Volgograd\">Volgograd</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Volgograd Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vologda\" title=\"Vologda\">Vologda</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Vologda Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Voronezh\" title=\"Voronezh\">Voronezh</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Voronezh Oblast</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Yaroslavl\" title=\"Yaroslavl\">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_cities_of_Russia\" title=\"Federal cities of Russia\">Federal cities</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moscow\" title=\"Moscow\">Moscow</a></b></i></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saint_Petersburg\" title=\"Saint Petersburg\">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sevastopol\" title=\"Sevastopol\">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Political_status_of_Crimea\" title=\"Political status of Crimea\">disputed</a>)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cantons_of_Switzerland\" title=\"Cantons of Switzerland\">Switzerland</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Aarau\" title=\"Aarau\">Aarau</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Aargau</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Altdorf,_Uri\" title=\"Altdorf, Uri\">Altdorf</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Uri</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Appenzell_(village)\" title=\"Appenzell (village)\">Appenzell</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Appenzell Innerrhoden</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Basel\" title=\"Basel\">Basel</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Basel-Stadt</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bellinzona\" title=\"Bellinzona\">Bellinzona</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Ticino</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Chur\" title=\"Chur\">Chur</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Grisons</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Delémont\" title=\"Delémont\">Delémont</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Jura</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frauenfeld\" title=\"Frauenfeld\">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Thurgau</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fribourg\" title=\"Fribourg\">Fribourg</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Fribourg</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Geneva\" title=\"Geneva\">Geneva</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Geneva</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Herisau\" title=\"Herisau\">Herisau</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lausanne\" title=\"Lausanne\">Lausanne</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Vaud</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Liestal\" title=\"Liestal\">Liestal</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Basel-Landschaft</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lucerne\" title=\"Lucerne\">Lucerne</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Lucerne</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Neuchâtel\" title=\"Neuchâtel\">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Neuchâtel</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sarnen\" title=\"Sarnen\">Sarnen</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Obwalden</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schaffhausen\" title=\"Schaffhausen\">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Schaffhausen</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Schwyz\" title=\"Schwyz\">Schwyz</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Schwyz</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sion,_Switzerland\" title=\"Sion, Switzerland\">Sion</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Valais</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Solothurn\" title=\"Solothurn\">Solothurn</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Solothurn</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stans\" title=\"Stans\">Stans</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Nidwalden</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./St._Gallen\" title=\"St. Gallen\">St. Gallen</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of St. Gallen</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Glarus\" title=\"Glarus\">Glarus</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Glarus</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zug\" title=\"Zug\">Zug</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Zug</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zurich\" title=\"Zurich\">Zurich</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canton of Zürich</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Autonomous<br/>entities</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Italy\" title=\"Italy\">Italy</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Autonomous_regions370\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute\" title=\"Regions of Italy\">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cagliari\" title=\"Cagliari\">Cagliari</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Sardinia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Palermo\" title=\"Palermo\">Palermo</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Sicily</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trento\" title=\"Trento\">Trento</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Aosta\" title=\"Aosta\">Aosta</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Aosta Valley</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trieste\" title=\"Trieste\">Trieste</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portugal\" title=\"Portugal\">Portugal</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Autonomous_regions247\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal\" title=\"Autonomous regions of Portugal\">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ponta_Delgada\" title=\"Ponta Delgada\">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Angra_do_Heroísmo\" title=\"Angra do Heroísmo\">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, &amp; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Horta,_Azores\" title=\"Horta, Azores\">Horta</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Azores</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Funchal\" title=\"Funchal\">Funchal</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Madeira</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spain\" title=\"Spain\">Spain</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Barcelona\" title=\"Barcelona\">Barcelona</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Catalonia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Las_Palmas\" title=\"Las Palmas\">Las Palmas</a></b></i> &amp; <i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife\" title=\"Santa Cruz de Tenerife\">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Canary Islands</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Logroño\" title=\"Logroño\">Logroño</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>La Rioja</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Madrid\" title=\"Madrid\">Madrid</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Community of Madrid</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mérida,_Spain\" title=\"Mérida, Spain\">Mérida</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Extremadura</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Murcia\" title=\"Murcia\">Murcia</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Region of Murcia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oviedo\" title=\"Oviedo\">Oviedo</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Asturias</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Palma_de_Mallorca\" title=\"Palma de Mallorca\">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Balearic Islands</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pamplona\" title=\"Pamplona\">Pamplona</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Navarre</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Santander,_Spain\" title=\"Santander, Spain\">Santander</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Cantabria</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Santiago_de_Compostela\" title=\"Santiago de Compostela\">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Galicia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seville\" title=\"Seville\">Seville</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Andalusia</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Toledo,_Spain\" title=\"Toledo, Spain\">Toledo</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Valencia\" title=\"Valencia\">Valencia</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Valencian Community</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Valladolid\" title=\"Valladolid\">Valladolid</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Castile and León (de facto)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vitoria-Gasteiz\" title=\"Vitoria-Gasteiz\">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Basque Country (de facto)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zaragoza\" title=\"Zaragoza\">Zaragoza</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Aragon</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Other</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ajaccio\" title=\"Ajaccio\">Ajaccio</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Corsica Collectivité<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(France)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Batumi\" title=\"Batumi\">Batumi</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Adjara<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Georgia)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Comrat\" title=\"Comrat\">Comrat</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Gagauzia<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Moldova)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Karyes,_Mount_Athos\" title=\"Karyes, Mount Athos\">Karyes</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Mount Athos<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Greece)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mariehamn\" title=\"Mariehamn\">Mariehamn</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Åland Islands<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Finland)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nakhchivan_(city)\" title=\"Nakhchivan (city)\">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Nakhchivan<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Azerbaijan)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Novi_Sad\" title=\"Novi Sad\">Novi Sad</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Vojvodina<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Serbia)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pristina\" title=\"Pristina\">Pristina</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Kosovo and Metohija<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Serbia)</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Simferopol\" title=\"Simferopol\">Simferopol</a></b></i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Crimea<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Ukraine)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li><span style=\"position: relative; top: 0.2em;\"><sup>1</sup></span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Also the capital of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands\" title=\"Kingdom of the Netherlands\">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li>\n<li><span style=\"position: relative; top: 0.2em;\"><sup>2</sup></span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Continental placement may vary <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe\" title=\"Boundaries between the continents of Earth\" class=\"mw-redirect\">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li>\n<li><span style=\"position: relative; top: 0.2em;\"><sup>3</sup></span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Also the seat of the European Union, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union\" title=\"Institutional seats of the European Union\">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brussels_and_the_European_Union\" title=\"Brussels and the European Union\">Brussels and the European Union</a></li>\n<li><span style=\"position: relative; top: 0.2em;\"><sup>4</sup></span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>A city-state</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1163\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1164\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1165\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1166\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1167\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1168\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1169\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1170\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1171\" 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about=\"#mwt1197\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1198\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1199\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1200\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1201\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" 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rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" about=\"#mwt1206\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Nobold/styles.css\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"European_Capitals_of_Culture4508\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1207\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1208\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:European_Capital_of_Culture\" title=\"Template:European Capital of Culture\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture\" title=\"Template talk:European Capital of Culture\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"European_Capitals_of_Culture4508\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_Capital_of_Culture\" title=\"European Capital of Culture\">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<dl><dt><span class=\"nobold\">1985</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Athens\" title=\"Athens\">Athens</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1986</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Florence\" title=\"Florence\">Florence</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1987</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amsterdam\" title=\"Amsterdam\">Amsterdam</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1988</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West_Berlin\" title=\"West Berlin\">West</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1989</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1990</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Glasgow\" title=\"Glasgow\">Glasgow</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1991</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dublin\" title=\"Dublin\">Dublin</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1992</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Madrid\" title=\"Madrid\">Madrid</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1993</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Antwerp\" title=\"Antwerp\">Antwerp</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1994</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lisbon\" title=\"Lisbon\">Lisbon</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1995</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Luxembourg_City\" title=\"Luxembourg City\">Luxembourg City</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1996</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Copenhagen\" title=\"Copenhagen\">Copenhagen</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1997</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Thessaloniki\" title=\"Thessaloniki\">Thessaloniki</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1998</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\">Stockholm</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">1999</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Weimar\" title=\"Weimar\">Weimar</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2000</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Reykjavík\" title=\"Reykjavík\">Reykjavík</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bergen\" title=\"Bergen\">Bergen</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Helsinki\" title=\"Helsinki\">Helsinki</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brussels\" title=\"Brussels\">Brussels</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prague\" title=\"Prague\">Prague</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kraków\" title=\"Kraków\">Kraków</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Santiago_de_Compostela\" title=\"Santiago de Compostela\">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Avignon\" title=\"Avignon\">Avignon</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bologna\" title=\"Bologna\">Bologna</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2001</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rotterdam\" title=\"Rotterdam\">Rotterdam</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Porto\" title=\"Porto\">Porto</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2002</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bruges\" title=\"Bruges\">Bruges</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Salamanca\" title=\"Salamanca\">Salamanca</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2003</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Graz\" title=\"Graz\">Graz</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Plovdiv\" title=\"Plovdiv\">Plovdiv</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2004</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Genoa\" title=\"Genoa\">Genoa</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lille\" title=\"Lille\">Lille</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2005</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cork_(city)\" title=\"Cork (city)\">Cork</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2006</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Patras\" title=\"Patras\">Patras</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2007</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Luxembourg_City\" title=\"Luxembourg City\">Luxembourg City</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sibiu\" title=\"Sibiu\">Sibiu</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2008</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Liverpool\" title=\"Liverpool\">Liverpool</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stavanger\" title=\"Stavanger\">Stavanger</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2009</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Linz\" title=\"Linz\">Linz</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vilnius\" title=\"Vilnius\">Vilnius</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2010</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Essen\" title=\"Essen\">Essen</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Istanbul\" title=\"Istanbul\">Istanbul</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pécs\" title=\"Pécs\">Pécs</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2011</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Turku\" title=\"Turku\">Turku</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tallinn\" title=\"Tallinn\">Tallinn</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2012</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Maribor\" title=\"Maribor\">Maribor</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Guimarães\" title=\"Guimarães\">Guimarães</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2013</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Košice\" title=\"Košice\">Košice</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Marseille\" title=\"Marseille\">Marseille</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2014</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Umeå\" title=\"Umeå\">Umeå</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Riga\" title=\"Riga\">Riga</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2015</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mons,_Belgium\" title=\"Mons, Belgium\">Mons</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Plzeň\" title=\"Plzeň\">Plzeň</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2016</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./San_Sebastián\" title=\"San Sebastián\">San Sebastián</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wrocław\" title=\"Wrocław\">Wrocław</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2017</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Aarhus\" title=\"Aarhus\">Aarhus</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Paphos\" title=\"Paphos\">Paphos</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2018</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Valletta\" title=\"Valletta\">Valletta</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Leeuwarden\" title=\"Leeuwarden\">Leeuwarden</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2019</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Plovdiv\" title=\"Plovdiv\">Plovdiv</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Matera\" title=\"Matera\">Matera</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2020-April 2021</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rijeka\" title=\"Rijeka\">Rijeka</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Galway\" title=\"Galway\">Galway</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2022</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaunas\" title=\"Kaunas\">Kaunas</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Esch-sur-Alzette\" title=\"Esch-sur-Alzette\">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Novi_Sad\" title=\"Novi Sad\">Novi Sad</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2023</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Veszprém\" title=\"Veszprém\">Veszprém</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Timișoara\" title=\"Timișoara\">Timișoara</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Elefsina\" title=\"Elefsina\">Elefsina</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2024</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tartu\" title=\"Tartu\">Tartu</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bad_Ischl\" title=\"Bad Ischl\">Bad Ischl</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bodø_(town)\" title=\"Bodø (town)\">Bodø</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2025</span></dt>\n<dd><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nova_Gorica\" title=\"Nova Gorica\">Nova Gorica</a></b> / <b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gorizia\" title=\"Gorizia\">Gorizia</a></b></dd>\n<dd><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Chemnitz\" title=\"Chemnitz\">Chemnitz</a></b></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2026</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Oulu\" title=\"Oulu\">Oulu</a></dd>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trenčín\" title=\"Trenčín\">Trenčín</a></dd>\n<dt><span class=\"nobold\">2027</span></dt>\n<dd><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Liepāja\" title=\"Liepāja\">Liepāja</a></dd></dl>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1209\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1126788409\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1210\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Plainlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1211\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1184024115\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1212\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Div col/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Summer_Olympic_Games_host_cities5867\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1213\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1214\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Olympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities\" title=\"Template:Olympic Summer Games Host Cities\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Olympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities\" title=\"Template talk:Olympic Summer Games Host Cities\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Summer Games Host Cities\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Summer_Olympic_Games_host_cities5867\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Summer_Olympic_Games\" title=\"Summer Olympic Games\">Summer Olympic Games</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities\" title=\"List of Olympic Games host cities\">host cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><div class=\"div-col   \" style=\"column-width: 14em;\">\n<ul><li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1896_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1896 Summer Olympics\">1896</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Greece\" title=\"Greece\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Greece_(1822-1978).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Greece\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Athens\" title=\"Athens\">Athens</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1900_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1900 Summer Olympics\">1900</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./France\" title=\"France\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1958).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"France\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1904_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1904 Summer Olympics\">1904</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_States\" title=\"United States\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1896-1908).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United States\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./St._Louis\" title=\"St. Louis\">St. Louis</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1908_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1908 Summer Olympics\">1908</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United Kingdom\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./London\" title=\"London\">London</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1912_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1912 Summer Olympics\">1912</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Sweden\" title=\"Sweden\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Sweden\" data-file-width=\"1600\" data-file-height=\"1000\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\">Stockholm</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1916_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1916 Summer Olympics\">1916</a>:</b> <i>None</i><sup>[c1]</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1920_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1920 Summer Olympics\">1920</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Belgium\" title=\"Belgium\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Belgium\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Antwerp\" title=\"Antwerp\">Antwerp</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1924_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1924 Summer Olympics\">1924</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./France\" title=\"France\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1958).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"France\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> Paris</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1928_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1928 Summer Olympics\">1928</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Netherlands\" title=\"Netherlands\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Netherlands\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amsterdam\" title=\"Amsterdam\">Amsterdam</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1932_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1932 Summer Olympics\">1932</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_States\" title=\"United States\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United States\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Los_Angeles\" title=\"Los Angeles\">Los Angeles</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1936_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1936 Summer Olympics\">1936</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Germany\" title=\"Germany\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Germany_(1935–1945).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Germany\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1940_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1940 Summer Olympics\">1940</a>:</b>  <i>None</i><sup>[c2]</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1944_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1944 Summer Olympics\">1944</a>:</b>  <i>None</i><sup>[c2]</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1948_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1948 Summer Olympics\">1948</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United Kingdom\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> London</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1952_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1952 Summer Olympics\">1952</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Finland\" title=\"Finland\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Finland.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Finland\" data-file-width=\"1800\" data-file-height=\"1100\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Helsinki\" title=\"Helsinki\">Helsinki</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1956_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1956 Summer Olympics\">1956</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Australia\" title=\"Australia\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Australia\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Melbourne\" title=\"Melbourne\">Melbourne</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1960_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1960 Summer Olympics\">1960</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Italy\" title=\"Italy\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Italy.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Italy\" data-file-width=\"1500\" data-file-height=\"1000\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rome\" title=\"Rome\">Rome</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1964_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1964 Summer Olympics\">1964</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Japan\" title=\"Japan\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Japan_(1870-1999).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Japan\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"700\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tokyo\" title=\"Tokyo\">Tokyo</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1968_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1968 Summer Olympics\">1968</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Mexico\" title=\"Mexico\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Mexico\" data-file-width=\"980\" data-file-height=\"560\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"13\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mexico_City\" title=\"Mexico City\">Mexico City</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1972_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1972 Summer Olympics\">1972</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./West_Germany\" title=\"West Germany\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"West Germany\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Munich\" title=\"Munich\">Munich</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1976_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1976 Summer Olympics\">1976</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Canada\" title=\"Canada\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Canada\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Montreal\" title=\"Montreal\">Montreal</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1980_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1980 Summer Olympics\">1980</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Soviet_Union\" title=\"Soviet Union\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Soviet Union\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moscow\" title=\"Moscow\">Moscow</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1984_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1984 Summer Olympics\">1984</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_States\" title=\"United States\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United States\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> Los Angeles</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1988_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1988 Summer Olympics\">1988</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./South_Korea\" title=\"South Korea\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_South_Korea_(1984–1997).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"South Korea\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seoul\" title=\"Seoul\">Seoul</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1992_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1992 Summer Olympics\">1992</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Spain\" title=\"Spain\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Spain.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Spain\" data-file-width=\"750\" data-file-height=\"500\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Barcelona\" title=\"Barcelona\">Barcelona</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1996_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"1996 Summer Olympics\">1996</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_States\" title=\"United States\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United States\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Atlanta\" title=\"Atlanta\">Atlanta</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2000_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2000 Summer Olympics\">2000</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Australia\" title=\"Australia\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Australia\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sydney\" title=\"Sydney\">Sydney</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2004_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2004 Summer Olympics\">2004</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Greece\" title=\"Greece\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Greece.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Greece\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"400\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> Athens</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2008_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2008 Summer Olympics\">2008</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./China\" title=\"China\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"China\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Beijing\" title=\"Beijing\">Beijing</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2012_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2012 Summer Olympics\">2012</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United Kingdom\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> London</li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2016_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2016 Summer Olympics\">2016</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Brazil\" title=\"Brazil\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Brazil\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"700\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rio_de_Janeiro\" title=\"Rio de Janeiro\">Rio de Janeiro</a></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2020_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2020 Summer Olympics\">2020</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Japan\" title=\"Japan\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Japan.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Japan\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> Tokyo<sup>[c3]</sup></li>\n<li><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2024_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2024 Summer Olympics\">2024</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./France\" title=\"France\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_France.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"France\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> Paris</li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2028_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2028 Summer Olympics\">2028</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./United_States\" title=\"United States\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"United States\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> Los Angeles</i></li>\n<li><i><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2032_Summer_Olympics\" title=\"2032 Summer Olympics\">2032</a>:</b> <span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./Australia\" title=\"Australia\"><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Australia\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brisbane\" title=\"Brisbane\">Brisbane</a></i></li></ul>\n</div></div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div><sup>[c1]</sup> Cancelled due to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_War_I\" title=\"World War I\">World War I</a>; <sup>[c2]</sup> Cancelled due to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_War_II\" title=\"World War II\">World War II</a>; <sup>[c3]</sup> Postponed to 2021 due to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./COVID-19_pandemic\" title=\"COVID-19 pandemic\">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1215\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1216\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Host_cities_of_the_World_Athletics_Championships1447\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1217\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1218\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:World_Athletics_Championships_host_cities\" title=\"Template:World Athletics Championships host cities\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:World_Athletics_Championships_host_cities\" title=\"Template talk:World Athletics Championships host cities\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:World_Athletics_Championships_host_cities\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:World Athletics Championships host cities\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Host_cities_of_the_World_Athletics_Championships1447\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Host cities of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"World Athletics Championships\">World Athletics Championships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1983_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"1983 World Championships in Athletics\">1983</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Helsinki\" title=\"Helsinki\">Helsinki</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1987_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"1987 World Championships in Athletics\">1987</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rome\" title=\"Rome\">Rome</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1991_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"1991 World Championships in Athletics\">1991</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tokyo\" title=\"Tokyo\">Tokyo</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1993_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"1993 World Championships in Athletics\">1993</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stuttgart\" title=\"Stuttgart\">Stuttgart</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1995_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"1995 World Championships in Athletics\">1995</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gothenburg\" title=\"Gothenburg\">Gothenburg</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"1997 World Championships in Athletics\">1997</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Athens\" title=\"Athens\">Athens</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1999_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"1999 World Championships in Athletics\">1999</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seville\" title=\"Seville\">Seville</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2001_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2001 World Championships in Athletics\">2001</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Edmonton\" title=\"Edmonton\">Edmonton</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2003_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2003 World Championships in Athletics\">2003</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis\" title=\"Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis\">Saint-Denis</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2005_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2005 World Championships in Athletics\">2005</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Helsinki\" title=\"Helsinki\">Helsinki</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2007_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2007 World Championships in Athletics\">2007</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Osaka\" title=\"Osaka\">Osaka</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2009_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2009 World Championships in Athletics\">2009</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2011_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2011 World Championships in Athletics\">2011</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Daegu\" title=\"Daegu\">Daegu</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2013_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2013 World Championships in Athletics\">2013</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Moscow\" title=\"Moscow\">Moscow</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2015_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2015 World Championships in Athletics\">2015</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Beijing\" title=\"Beijing\">Beijing</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2017_World_Championships_in_Athletics\" title=\"2017 World Championships in Athletics\">2017</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./London\" title=\"London\">London</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2019_World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"2019 World Athletics Championships\">2019</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Doha\" title=\"Doha\">Doha</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2022_World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"2022 World Athletics Championships\">2022</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Eugene,_Oregon\" title=\"Eugene, Oregon\">Eugene</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2023_World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"2023 World Athletics Championships\">2023</a>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Budapest\" title=\"Budapest\">Budapest</a></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2025_World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"2025 World Athletics Championships\">2025</a>: <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tokyo\" title=\"Tokyo\">Tokyo</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./2027_World_Athletics_Championships\" title=\"2027 World Athletics Championships\">2027</a>: <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Beijing\" title=\"Beijing\">Beijing</a></i></span></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1219\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1220\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\" about=\"#mwt1221\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Plainlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r920966791\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1222\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"smallcaps/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\" about=\"#mwt1223\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Plainlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League4681\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"3\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1224\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1225\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Hanseatic_League\" title=\"Template:Hanseatic League\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Hanseatic_League\" title=\"Template talk:Hanseatic League\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic_League\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic League\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League4681\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Members of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hanseatic_League\" title=\"Hanseatic League\">Hanseatic League</a> by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League</div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;\"><div><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li>Chief cities shown in <span class=\"smallcaps\">smallcaps</span>.</li><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Free_imperial_city\" title=\"Free imperial city\">Free Imperial Cities</a> of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Holy_Roman_Empire\" title=\"Holy Roman Empire\">Holy Roman Empire</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Wendish</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Lübeck443\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;;padding:0.75em 1.0em;\"><span class=\"smallcaps\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lübeck\" title=\"Lübeck\">Lübeck</a></i></span></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Anklam\" title=\"Anklam\">Anklam</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Demmin\" title=\"Demmin\">Demmin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Greifswald\" title=\"Greifswald\">Greifswald</a></li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hamburg\" title=\"Hamburg\">Hamburg</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kołobrzeg\" title=\"Kołobrzeg\">Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Lüneburg\" title=\"Lüneburg\">Lüneburg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Rostock\" title=\"Rostock\">Rostock</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Darłowo\" title=\"Darłowo\">Rügenwalde (Darłowo)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Szczecin\" title=\"Szczecin\">Stettin (Szczecin)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Słupsk\" title=\"Słupsk\">Stolp (Słupsk)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stargard\" title=\"Stargard\">Stargard</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\">Stockholm</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stralsund\" title=\"Stralsund\">Stralsund</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Visby\" title=\"Visby\">Visby</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wismar\" title=\"Wismar\">Wismar</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class=\"noviewer navbox-image\" rowspan=\"8\" style=\"width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px\"><div><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League\"}'><a href=\"./File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League\"><img resource=\"./File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/250px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/330px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League\" data-file-width=\"789\" data-file-height=\"603\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"115\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><br/><br/><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League\"}'><a href=\"./File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League\"><img resource=\"./File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/250px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/330px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League\" data-file-width=\"3720\" data-file-height=\"2996\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"121\" width=\"150\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Saxon</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"BrunswickMagdeburg398\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; \"><span class=\"smallcaps\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Braunschweig\" title=\"Braunschweig\">Brunswick</a><br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Magdeburg\" title=\"Magdeburg\">Magdeburg</a></span></div></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bremen\" title=\"Bremen\">Bremen</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Erfurt\" title=\"Erfurt\">Erfurt</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Frankfurt_(Oder)\" title=\"Frankfurt (Oder)\">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Goslar\" title=\"Goslar\">Goslar</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mühlhausen\" title=\"Mühlhausen\">Mühlhausen</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Nordhausen,_Thuringia\" title=\"Nordhausen, Thuringia\">Nordhausen</a></i></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Baltic</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Danzig(Gdańsk)582\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gdańsk\" title=\"Gdańsk\"><span class=\"smallcaps\">Danzig</span><br/><span style=\"font-size: 85%;\"><span class=\"nobold\">(Gdańsk)</span></span></a></div></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wrocław\" title=\"Wrocław\">Breslau (Wrocław)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tartu\" title=\"Tartu\">Dorpat (Tartu)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Elbląg\" title=\"Elbląg\">Elbing (Elbląg)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Königsberg\" title=\"Königsberg\">Königsberg</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaliningrad\" title=\"Kaliningrad\">Kaliningrad</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kraków\" title=\"Kraków\">Cracow (Kraków)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Tallinn\" title=\"Tallinn\">Reval (Tallinn)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Riga\" title=\"Riga\">Riga (Rīga)</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Toruń\" title=\"Toruń\">Thorn (Toruń)</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Westphalian</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Cologne_1Dortmund_1612\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; \"><span class=\"smallcaps\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cologne\" title=\"Cologne\">Cologne</a></i></span> <span class=\"nobold\"><sup>1</sup></span><br/><span class=\"smallcaps\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dortmund\" title=\"Dortmund\">Dortmund</a></i></span> <span class=\"nobold\"><sup>1</sup></span></div></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Deventer\" title=\"Deventer\">Deventer</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Groningen\" title=\"Groningen\">Groningen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kampen,_Overijssel\" title=\"Kampen, Overijssel\">Kampen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Münster\" title=\"Münster\">Münster</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Osnabrück\" title=\"Osnabrück\">Osnabrück</a></li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Soest,_Germany\" title=\"Soest, Germany\">Soest</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zutphen\" title=\"Zutphen\">Zutphen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zwolle\" title=\"Zwolle\">Zwolle</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><hr/></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kontor\" title=\"Kontor\">Kontore</a></i></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bryggen\" title=\"Bryggen\">Bryggen</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bergen\" title=\"Bergen\">Bergen</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kontor_of_Bruges\" title=\"Kontor of Bruges\">Kontor of Bruges</a>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bruges\" title=\"Bruges\">Bruges</a></li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 85%;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Antwerp\" title=\"Antwerp\">Antwerp</a><sup>2</sup><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Steelyard\" title=\"Steelyard\">Steelyard</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./London\" title=\"London\">London</a>)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Peterhof_(Novgorod)\" title=\"Peterhof (Novgorod)\">Peterhof</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Veliky_Novgorod\" title=\"Veliky Novgorod\">Novgorod</a>)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i>Vitten</i></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Falsterbo\" title=\"Falsterbo\">Falsterbo</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Malmö\" title=\"Malmö\">Malmö</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Factories</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./King's_Lynn\" title=\"King's Lynn\">Bishop's Lynn</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bristol\" title=\"Bristol\">Bristol</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Boston,_Lincolnshire\" title=\"Boston, Lincolnshire\">Boston</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Port_of_Ipswich\" title=\"Port of Ipswich\">Ipswich</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kaunas\" title=\"Kaunas\">Kaunas</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Leith\" title=\"Leith\">Leith</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Herford\" title=\"Herford\">Herford</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Kingston_upon_Hull\" title=\"Kingston upon Hull\">Hull</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Newcastle_upon_Tyne\" title=\"Newcastle upon Tyne\">Newcastle</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Polotsk\" title=\"Polotsk\">Polotsk</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pskov_Republic\" title=\"Pskov Republic\">Pskov</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Great_Yarmouth\" title=\"Great Yarmouth\">Yarmouth</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./York\" title=\"York\">York</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;\"><div><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cologne\" title=\"Cologne\">Cologne</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Dortmund\" title=\"Dortmund\">Dortmund</a> were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.</li><li><sup>2</sup> The kontor was moved to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Antwerp\" title=\"Antwerp\">Antwerp</a> once <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Bruges\" title=\"Bruges\">Bruges</a> became inaccessible due to the silting of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Zwin\" title=\"Zwin\">Zwin</a> channel.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1226\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1227\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord3452\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"background:#99d6ff;\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1228\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\" about=\"#mwt1229\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/></span><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord\" title=\"Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord\" title=\"Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord3452\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Laureates of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Princess_of_Asturias_Awards\" title=\"Princess of Asturias Awards\">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Concord</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"background:#addeff;\"><div id=\"Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord1766\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Prince of Asturias Award for Concord</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li>1986:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vicariate_of_Solidarity\" title=\"Vicariate of Solidarity\">Vicariate of Solidarity</a></li>\n<li>1987:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Villa_El_Salvador\" title=\"Villa El Salvador\">Villa El Salvador</a></li>\n<li>1988:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\">International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature\" title=\"World Wide Fund for Nature\" class=\"mw-redirect\">World Wide Fund for Nature</a></li>\n<li>1989:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Stephen_Hawking\" title=\"Stephen Hawking\">Stephen Hawking</a></li>\n<li>1990:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sephardic_Jews\" title=\"Sephardic Jews\">Sephardic</a> Communities</li>\n<li>1991:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Médecins_Sans_Frontières\" title=\"Médecins Sans Frontières\">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Medicus_Mundi_International\" title=\"Medicus Mundi International\">Medicus Mundi</a></li>\n<li>1992:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./AmfAR\" title=\"AmfAR\">American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR)</a></li>\n<li>1993:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gesto_por_la_Paz\" title=\"Gesto por la Paz\">Association for Peace in the Basque Country</a></li>\n<li>1994:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./National_Movement_of_Street_Children?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"National Movement of Street Children\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"National Movement of Street Children\"]}}'>National Movement of Street Children</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Messengers_of_Peace_(Spain)?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Messengers of Peace (Spain)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Messengers of Peace (Spain)\"]}}'>Messengers of Peace</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Save_the_Children\" title=\"Save the Children\">Save the Children</a></li>\n<li>1995:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>H.M. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hussein_of_Jordan\" title=\"Hussein of Jordan\">Hussein I</a>, king of Jordan</li>\n<li>1996:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adolfo_Suárez\" title=\"Adolfo Suárez\">Adolfo Suárez</a></li>\n<li>1997:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mstislav_Rostropovich\" title=\"Mstislav Rostropovich\">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Yehudi_Menuhin\" title=\"Yehudi Menuhin\">Yehudi Menuhin</a></li>\n<li>1998:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Nicolás Castellanos, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Vicenç_Ferrer_Moncho\" title=\"Vicenç Ferrer Moncho\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Vicente Ferrer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Joaquín_Sanz_Gadea?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Joaquín Sanz Gadea\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Joaquín Sanz Gadea\"]}}'>Joaquín Sanz Gadea</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Muhammad_Yunus\" title=\"Muhammad Yunus\">Muhammad Yunus</a></li>\n<li>1999:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Caritas_Spain\" title=\"Caritas Spain\">Caritas Spain</a></li>\n<li>2000:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Royal_Spanish_Academy\" title=\"Royal Spanish Academy\">Royal Spanish Academy</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Association_of_Academies_of_the_Spanish_Language\" title=\"Association of Academies of the Spanish Language\">Association of Academies of the Spanish Language</a></li>\n<li>2001:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves\" title=\"World Network of Biosphere Reserves\">World Network of Biosphere Reserves</a></li>\n<li>2002:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Daniel_Barenboim\" title=\"Daniel Barenboim\">Daniel Barenboim</a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Edward_Said\" title=\"Edward Said\">Edward Said</a></li>\n<li>2003:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./J._K._Rowling\" title=\"J. K. Rowling\">J. K. Rowling</a></li>\n<li>2004:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Camino_de_Santiago\" title=\"Camino de Santiago\">Way of St. James</a></li>\n<li>2005:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul\" title=\"Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul\">Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li>\n<li>2006:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./UNICEF\" title=\"UNICEF\">UNICEF</a></li>\n<li>2007:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Yad_Vashem\" title=\"Yad Vashem\">Yad Vashem</a></li>\n<li>2008:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Íngrid_Betancourt\" title=\"Íngrid Betancourt\">Íngrid Betancourt</a></li>\n<li>2009:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>The City of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Berlin\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Berlin</a></li>\n<li>2010:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Manos_Unidas?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Manos Unidas\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Manos Unidas\"]}}'>Manos Unidas</a></li>\n<li>2011:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Fukushima_50\" title=\"Fukushima 50\">Fukushima 50</a></li>\n<li>2012:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Spanish_Federation_of_Food_Banks?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Spanish Federation of Food Banks\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Spanish Federation of Food Banks\"]}}'>Spanish Federation of Food Banks</a></li>\n<li>2013:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ONCE\" title=\"ONCE\">Spanish Organization for the Blind</a> (ONCE)</li>\n<li>2014:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Caddy_Adzuba\" title=\"Caddy Adzuba\">Caddy Adzuba</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"background:#addeff;\"><div id=\"Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord707\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Princess of Asturias Award for Concord</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li>2015:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Brothers_Hospitallers_of_Saint_John_of_God\" title=\"Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God\">Hospitaller Order of St John of God</a></li>\n<li>2016:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./SOS_Children's_Villages\" title=\"SOS Children's Villages\">SOS Children's Villages</a></li>\n<li>2017:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./European_Union\" title=\"European Union\">European Union</a></li>\n<li>2018:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sylvia_Earle\" title=\"Sylvia Earle\">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li>\n<li>2019:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>The City of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Gdańsk\" title=\"Gdańsk\">Gdańsk</a></li>\n<li>2020:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Spanish health workers on the front line against <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain\" title=\"COVID-19 pandemic in Spain\">COVID-19</a></li>\n<li>2021:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./José_Andrés\" title=\"José Andrés\">José Andrés</a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./World_Central_Kitchen\" title=\"World Central Kitchen\">World Central Kitchen</a></li>\n<li>2022:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Shigeru_Ban\" title=\"Shigeru Ban\">Shigeru Ban</a></li>\n<li>2023:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mary's_Meals\" title=\"Mary's Meals\">Mary's Meals</a></li>\n<li>2024:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Magnum_Photos\" title=\"Magnum Photos\">Magnum Photos</a></li>\n<li>2025:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./National_Museum_of_Anthropology_(Mexico)\" title=\"National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)\">National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico</a></li>\n<li>2026:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Christina_Koch\" title=\"Christina Koch\">Christina Koch</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1230\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGY0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"subject bar\",\"href\":\"./Template:Subject_bar\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"East Germany\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Cities\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"Europe\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"European Union\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"Germany\"},\"6\":{\"wt\":\"Geography\"},\"s\":{\"wt\":\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Berlin\"},\"auto\":{\"wt\":\"1\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1371903450\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1231\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Portal bar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:639px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{flex-flow:column wrap}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{align-items:center;flex:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.mw-empty-elt+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.mw-empty-elt+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.mw-empty-elt+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.mw-empty-elt+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.mw-empty-elt+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}</style></span><div class=\"portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Portals\" about=\"#mwt1230\"><span class=\"portal-bar-header\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wikipedia:Contents/Portals\" title=\"Wikipedia:Contents/Portals\">Portals</a>:</span><ul class=\"portal-bar-content\"><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"mw-image-border noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"flag\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"13\" width=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:East_Germany\" title=\"Portal:East Germany\">East Germany</a></li><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Ciudad.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Ciudad.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ciudad.svg/20px-Ciudad.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ciudad.svg/40px-Ciudad.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"icon\" data-file-width=\"200\" data-file-height=\"200\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"19\" width=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:Cities\" title=\"Portal:Cities\">Cities</a></li><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/20px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/40px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"map\" data-file-width=\"541\" data-file-height=\"541\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"19\" width=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:Europe\" title=\"Portal:Europe\">Europe</a></li><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"mw-image-border noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Europe.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"flag\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:European_Union\" title=\"Portal:European Union\">European Union</a></li><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"mw-image-border noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"flag\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"13\" width=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:Germany\" title=\"Portal:Germany\">Germany</a></li><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Terra.png\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/20px-Terra.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/40px-Terra.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"icon\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"19\" width=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:Geography\" title=\"Portal:Geography\">Geography</a></li></ul></div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1230\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1364559274\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1232\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Sister project links/bar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 3px 0 2px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 2px 0 4px;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.mw-empty-elt+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.mw-empty-elt+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.mw-empty-elt+.mw-empty-elt+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.mw-empty-elt+.mw-empty-elt+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.mw-empty-elt+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style></span><div class=\"noprint metadata sister-bar\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"sister-projects\" about=\"#mwt1230\" id=\"mwGY4\"><div class=\"sister-bar-header\"><b>Berlin</b> at Wikipedia's <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects\" title=\"Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects\"><span id=\"sister-projects\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class=\"sister-bar-content\"><li class=\"sister-bar-item\"><span class=\"noviewer sister-bar-logo\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Commons-logo.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Commons-logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia Commons logo\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"19\" width=\"14\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><span class=\"sister-bar-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Berlin\" title=\"c:Berlin\" class=\"extiw\"><b>Media</b></a> from Commons</span></li><li class=\"sister-bar-item\"><span class=\"noviewer sister-bar-logo\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"./File:Wikiquote-logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"355\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"19\" width=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span><span class=\"sister-bar-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Berlin\" title=\"q:Berlin\" class=\"extiw\"><b>Quotations</b></a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class=\"sister-bar-item\"><span class=\"noviewer sister-bar-logo\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Wikisource-logo.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Wikisource-logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Wikisource logo\" data-file-width=\"410\" data-file-height=\"430\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"19\" width=\"18\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><span class=\"sister-bar-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911%20Encyclopædia%20Britannica/Berlin\" title=\"s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Berlin\" class=\"extiw\"><b>Texts</b></a> from Wikisource</span></li><li class=\"sister-bar-item\"><span class=\"noviewer sister-bar-logo\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"./File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Wikivoyage logo\" data-file-width=\"193\" data-file-height=\"193\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"19\" width=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span><span class=\"sister-bar-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Berlin\" title=\"voy:Berlin\" class=\"extiw\"><b>Travel guides</b></a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\" about=\"#mwt1233\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwGY8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Authority control\",\"href\":\"./Template:Authority_control\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404\" about=\"#mwt1234\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt1235\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1038841319\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt1236\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Template:Tooltip/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319\" about=\"#mwt1237\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Template:Tooltip/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319\" about=\"#mwt1238\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Template:Tooltip/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319\" about=\"#mwt1239\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Template:Tooltip/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319\" about=\"#mwt1240\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Template:Tooltip/styles.css\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319\" about=\"#mwt1241\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Template:Tooltip/styles.css\"}}'/></span></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox authority-control\" aria-labelledby=\"Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3705\" style=\"padding:3px\" about=\"#mwt1233\" id=\"mwGZA\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div 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href=\"https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204829\" class=\"external text\">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJf4dMX8jWfvbYbPQ9JCcP\" class=\"external text\">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">National</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79034972\" class=\"external text\">United States</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted \" title=\"Berlin (Allemagne) forme courante français - Vedette géographique\" about=\"#mwt1242\" typeof=\"mw:ExpandedAttrs\" data-mw='{\"attribs\":[[{\"txt\":\"title\"},{\"html\":\"&lt;span typeof=\\\"mw:Nowiki\\\" id=\\\"mwGZE\\\">Berlin (Allemagne) forme courante français - Vedette géographique&lt;/span>\"}]]}'><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15298132w\" class=\"external text\">France</a></span></span><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted \" title=\"Berlin (Allemagne) - Vedette RAMEAU\" about=\"#mwt1243\" typeof=\"mw:ExpandedAttrs\" data-mw='{\"attribs\":[[{\"txt\":\"title\"},{\"html\":\"&lt;span typeof=\\\"mw:Nowiki\\\" id=\\\"mwGZI\\\">Berlin (Allemagne) - Vedette RAMEAU&lt;/span>\"}]]}'><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119471281\" class=\"external text\">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted \" title=\"Berlin (Allemagne) forme courante français - Vedette géographique\" about=\"#mwt1244\" typeof=\"mw:ExpandedAttrs\" data-mw='{\"attribs\":[[{\"txt\":\"title\"},{\"html\":\"&lt;span typeof=\\\"mw:Nowiki\\\" id=\\\"mwGZM\\\">Berlin (Allemagne) forme courante français - Vedette géographique&lt;/span>\"}]]}'><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15298132w\" class=\"external text\">BnF data</a></span></span><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted \" title=\"Berlin (Allemagne) - Vedette RAMEAU\" about=\"#mwt1245\" typeof=\"mw:ExpandedAttrs\" data-mw='{\"attribs\":[[{\"txt\":\"title\"},{\"html\":\"&lt;span typeof=\\\"mw:Nowiki\\\" id=\\\"mwGZQ\\\">Berlin (Allemagne) - Vedette RAMEAU&lt;/span>\"}]]}'><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119471281\" class=\"external text\">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629194\" class=\"external text\">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted \" title=\"Berlín (Německo)\" about=\"#mwt1246\" typeof=\"mw:ExpandedAttrs\" data-mw='{\"attribs\":[[{\"txt\":\"title\"},{\"html\":\"&lt;span typeof=\\\"mw:Nowiki\\\" id=\\\"mwGZU\\\">Berlín (Německo)&lt;/span>\"}]]}'><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge128749&amp;CON_LNG=ENG\" class=\"external text\">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted \" title=\"Berlín (Německo : spolková země)\" about=\"#mwt1247\" typeof=\"mw:ExpandedAttrs\" data-mw='{\"attribs\":[[{\"txt\":\"title\"},{\"html\":\"&lt;span typeof=\\\"mw:Nowiki\\\" id=\\\"mwGZY\\\">Berlín (Německo&lt;span typeof=\\\"mw:DisplaySpace\\\" id=\\\"mwGZc\\\"> &lt;/span>: spolková země)&lt;/span>\"}]]}'><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge134036&amp;CON_LNG=ENG\" class=\"external text\">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX451163\" class=\"external text\">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90931234\" class=\"external text\">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201907057\" class=\"external text\">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://libris.kb.se/sq4659db1dbqh2f\" class=\"external text\">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559530305171\" class=\"external text\">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Geographic</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://musicbrainz.org/area/c9ac1239-e832-41bc-9930-e252a1fd1105\" class=\"external text\">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Other</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.idref.fr/031278736\" class=\"external text\">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006583\" class=\"external text\">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044845\" class=\"external text\">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044974\" class=\"external text\">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=39444\" class=\"external text\">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/848994ce-fc40-4be9-a176-30d8a66e388a\" class=\"external text\">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Berlin#%20\" id=\"mwGZg\"/><!--Leave the empty space as standard for catmain.-->\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:German_state_capitals\" id=\"mwGZk\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:East_Germany_(Region)\" id=\"mwGZo\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Capital_cities_in_Europe\" id=\"mwGZs\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:City-states\" id=\"mwGZw\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League\" id=\"mwGZ0\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_13th_century\" id=\"mwGZ4\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Turkish_communities_outside_Turkey\" id=\"mwGZ8\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:1230s_establishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire\" id=\"mwGaA\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:1237_establishments_in_Europe\" id=\"mwGaE\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:States_of_Germany\" id=\"mwGaI\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:NUTS_2_statistical_regions_of_Germany\" id=\"mwGaM\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:NUTS_3_statistical_regions_of_the_European_Union\" id=\"mwGaQ\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Holocaust_locations_in_Germany\" id=\"mwGaU\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Subnational_enclaves_and_exclaves\" id=\"mwGaY\"/></section></body></html>",
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    {
      "title": "",
      "level": 0,
      "text": "Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the highest population within its city limits of any city in the European Union. The city is also one of the states of Germany, being the third-smallest state in the country by area. Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, bordering Brandenburg's capital Potsdam to the southwest. The urban area of Berlin has a population of 4.5 million, making it the second most populous in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr region, as well as the fifth-biggest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. Berlin was built along the banks of the Spree river, which flows into the Havel in the western borough of Spandau. First documented in the 13th century and at the crossing of two important historic trade routes, Berlin was designated the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1701), Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), German Empire (1871–1918), Weimar Republic (1919–1933), and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). Berlin served as a scientific, artistic, and philosophical hub during the Age of Enlightenment, Neoclassicism, and the German revolutions of 1848–1849. During the Gründerzeit, an industrialization-induced economic boom triggered a rapid population increase in Berlin. Berlin in the 1920s was the third-largest city in the world by population. After World War II and following Berlin's occupation, the city was split into West Berlin and East Berlin, divided by the Berlin Wall. East Berlin was declared the capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Due to its geographic location and history, Berlin has been called \"the heart of Europe\". Berlin is a global city of culture, politics, media and science. Its economy is based on high tech and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, startup companies, research facilities, and media corporations. Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a complex public transportation network. Tourism in Berlin makes the city a popular global destination. Berlin is home to several universities, such as the Humboldt University of Berlin, Technische Universität Berlin, the Berlin University of the Arts and the Free University of Berlin. The Berlin Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe. Babelsberg Studio is the world's first large-scale movie studio complex, and there are many films set in Berlin. Berlin is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Museum Island, the Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin, and the Berlin Modernism Housing Estates. Other landmarks include the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, Potsdamer Platz, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, and the Berlin Wall Memorial. Berlin has numerous museums, galleries, and libraries. The city includes lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs, the largest of which is Müggelsee. About 1/3 of the city's area is composed of forests, parks and gardens, rivers, canals, and lakes."
    },
    {
      "title": "History",
      "level": 2
    },
    {
      "title": "Etymology",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin lies in northeastern Germany, in an area formerly settled by Slavs which thus exhibits many (Germanized) Slavic-derived placenames to this day (see below). The word Berlin also has its roots in the language of the West Slavs, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- (\"swamp\"). Of Berlin's twelve boroughs, five bear a Slavic-derived name—Pankow, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Treptow-Köpenick and Spandau; furthermore, across the city's 96 neighborhoods, there are 22 which bear a Slavic-rooted name—Altglienicke, Alt-Treptow, Britz, Buch, Buckow, Gatow, Karow, Kladow, Köpenick, Lankwitz, Lübars, Malchow, Marzahn, Pankow, Prenzlauer Berg, Rudow, Schmöckwitz, Spandau, Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow, Steglitz, Tegel and Zehlendorf."
    },
    {
      "title": "Prehistory",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The area of what is now Berlin has been settled for millennia. A deer mask, dated to 9,000 BCE, is attributed to the Maglemosian culture. Around 2,000 BCE dense human settlements along the Spree and Havel rivers gave rise to the Lusatian culture. Starting around 500 BCE Germanic tribes settled in a number of villages in the higher situated areas of today's Berlin. After the Semnones left around 200 CE, the Burgundians followed. In the 7th century Slavic tribes, the later known Hevelli and Sprevane, reached the region."
    },
    {
      "title": "12th century to 16th century",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "In the 12th century the region came under German rule as part of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, founded by Albert the Bear in 1157. The first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209. German merchants founded two settlements in today's city center – Berlin (or Alt-Berlin; at the site of today's Nikolaiviertel) and Cölln (on the island in the Spree now known as Museum Island). 1237 is considered the founding date of the city. Berlin and Cölln over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the staple right on the two important trade routes. One was known as Via Imperii, and the other trade route reached from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, the two towns formed an alliance with a common external policy, their internal administrations still being separated. In 1326, the territory of Berlin was raided by pagan Lithuanians during the Raid on Brandenburg. Members of the Hohenzollern family ruled in Berlin until 1918, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors. In 1443, Frederick II of Brandenburg initiated the construction of a new royal palace in the twin city of Berlin-Cölln. The protests of the town citizens against the building culminated in 1448, in the \"Berlin Indignation\" (German: Berliner Unwille). Officially, the Berlin-Cölln palace became the permanent residence of the Brandenburg electors of the Hohenzollern dynasty in 1486, when John Cicero took power. Berlin-Cölln, however, had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic League city. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran."
    },
    {
      "title": "17th to 19th centuries",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 devastated Berlin. One third of its houses were damaged or destroyed, and the city lost half of its population. Frederick William, known as the \"Great Elector\", who had succeeded his father George William as ruler in 1640, initiated a policy of promoting immigration and religious tolerance. With the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, Frederick William offered asylum to the French Huguenots. By 1700, approximately 30 percent of Berlin's residents were French, because of the Huguenot immigration. Many other immigrants came from Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg. Since 1618, the Margraviate of Brandenburg had been in personal union with the Duchy of Prussia. In 1701, the dual state formed the Kingdom of Prussia, as Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg, crowned himself as king Frederick I in Prussia. Berlin became the capital of the new Kingdom, replacing Königsberg. This was a successful attempt to centralise the capital in the very far-flung state, and it was the first time the city began to grow. In 1709, Berlin merged with the four cities of Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichstadt and Dorotheenstadt under the name Berlin, \"Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin\". Between 1700 and 1750, Berlin's population nearly quadrupled, rising from about 30,000 to 113,000. In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (1740–1786), came to power. Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but also, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army. Following France's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in 1806, but granted self-government to the city. In 1815, the city became part of the new Province of Brandenburg. The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany. Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. In 1861, neighboring suburbs including Wedding, Moabit and several others were incorporated into Berlin. In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire. In 1881, it became a city district separate from Brandenburg."
    },
    {
      "title": "1900–1945",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "In the early 20th century, Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented. At the end of World War I, during the German Revolution, the Weimar Republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building on November 9, 1918. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. The act increased the area of Berlin from 66 to 883 km2 (25 to 341 sq mi). The population almost doubled, and Berlin had a population of around four million. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, technology, arts, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. Hitler wished for a German Reich with a capital city that had a monumental ensemble. The National Socialist regime embarked on monumental construction projects in Berlin as a way to express their power and authority through architecture. Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer developed architectural concepts for the conversion of the city into World Capital Germania; these were never implemented. Berlin hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics for which the Olympic stadium was built. NSDAP rule diminished Berlin's Jewish community from 160,000 (one-third of all Jews in the country) to about 80,000 due to emigration between 1933 and 1939. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Starting in early 1943, many were deported to ghettos like Łódź, and to concentration and extermination camps such as Auschwitz. During World War II, Berlin was the location of multiple Nazi prisons, forced labor camps, 17 subcamps of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp for men and women, including teenagers, of various nationalities, a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust), and the Stalag III-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs of various nationalities. Parts of Berlin – including large parts of the city center – were destroyed in the bombing of Berlin by Allied air raids in 1943–45 and the 1945 Battle of Berlin. The Allies dropped 67,607 tons of bombs on the city, destroying 6,427 acres (26 km2) of the built-up area. Around 125,000 civilians were killed. After the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the former eastern territories of Germany. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, in a similar way to Allied-occupied Germany. The sectors of the western allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin."
    },
    {
      "title": "1946–Present",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "All four Allies of World War II shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Trizone to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed the Berlin Blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949. The founding of East and West Germany in 1949 increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the eastern part as its capital, a move the western powers did not recognize. East Berlin included most of the city's historic center. The West German government established itself in Bonn. In 1961, East Germany began to build the Berlin Wall around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. John F. Kennedy gave his \"Ich bin ein Berliner\" speech on 26 June 1963, underlining the US support for West Berlin. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners travel to West Berlin or West Germany was prohibited by the East German government. In 1971, a Four-Power Agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany. In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became a united city. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the city experienced significant urban development. Walter Momper, the mayor of West Berlin, became the first mayor of the reunified city in the interim. City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first \"all Berlin\" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin. On 18 June 1994, soldiers from the United States, France and Britain marched in a parade which was part of the ceremonies to mark the withdrawal of Allied occupation troops, allowing a reunified Berlin. On 20 June 1991, the Bundestag (lower house of the German Parliament) voted to move the seat of the German capital from Bonn to Berlin, and this was completed in 1999. Berlin's 2001 administrative reform merged several boroughs, reducing their number from 23 to 12. Potsdamer Platz, which had been a central traffic and commerce hub in the 1920s, but had been heavily impacted by the wall during partition, became one of Europe's biggest building sites and is now once again one of Berlin's most representative addresses. Several redevelopment projects have taken place, such as the demolition of the Palast der Republik – the former seat of East Germany's parliament – to make way for the Humboldt Forum, a reconstruction of the Berlin Palace on the same site. The traffic infrastructure of Berlin was another post-unification priority, leading to the closure of Tempelhof Airport in 2008, the opening of a new Berlin Hauptbahnhof in 2006, and finally the long-delayed opening of Berlin Brandenburg Airport in 2020 accompanied by the shutdown of Tegel Airport. In 2006, the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin."
    },
    {
      "title": "Geography",
      "level": 2
    },
    {
      "title": "Topography",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia. The Berliner Urstromtal (an ice age glacial valley), between the low Barnim Plateau to the north and the Teltow plateau to the south, was formed by meltwater flowing from ice sheets at the end of the last Weichselian glaciation. The Spree follows this valley now. In Spandau, a borough in the west of Berlin, the Spree empties into the river Havel, which flows from north to south through western Berlin. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and the Großer Wannsee. A series of lakes also feeds into the upper Spree, which flows through the Großer Müggelsee in eastern Berlin. Substantial parts of present-day Berlin extend onto the low plateaus on both sides of the Spree Valley. Large parts of the boroughs Reinickendorf and Pankow lie on the Barnim Plateau, while most of the boroughs of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and Neukölln lie on the Teltow Plateau. The borough of Spandau lies partly within the Berlin Glacial Valley and partly on the Nauen Plain, which stretches to the west of Berlin. Since 2015, the Arkenberge hills in Pankow at 122 meters (400 ft) elevation, have been the highest point in Berlin. Through the disposal of construction debris they surpassed Teufelsberg (120.1 m or 394 ft), which itself was made up of rubble from the ruins of the Second World War. The Müggelberge at 114.7 meters (376 ft) elevation is the highest natural point and the lowest is the Spektesee in Spandau, at 28.1 meters (92 ft) elevation."
    },
    {
      "title": "Climate",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfb). This type of climate features mild to very warm summer temperatures and cold, though not very severe, winters. Annual precipitation is modest. Frosts are common in winter, and there are larger temperature differences between seasons than typical for many oceanic climates. Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of 22–25 °C (72–77 °F) and lows of 12–14 °C (54–57 °F). Winters are cold with average high temperatures of 3 °C (37 °F) and lows of −2 to 0 °C (28 to 32 °F). Spring and autumn are generally chilly to mild. Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement. Temperatures can be 4 °C (7 °F) higher in the city than in the surrounding areas. Annual precipitation is 570 millimeters (22 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March. The hottest month in Berlin was July 1757, with a mean temperature of 24 °C (75 °F), and the coldest was January 1709, with a mean temperature of −13 °C (9 °F). The wettest month on record was July 1907, with 230 millimeters (9.1 in) of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with 1 millimeter (0.039 in) of rainfall."
    },
    {
      "title": "Cityscape and architecture",
      "level": 2
    },
    {
      "title": "Cityscape",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric metropolitan area and an eclectic mix of architecture. The city's appearance today has been predominantly shaped by German history during the 20th century. 17% of Berlin's buildings are Gründerzeit or earlier and nearly 25% are of the 1920s and 1930s, when Berlin played a part in the origin of modern architecture. Devastated by the bombing of Berlin in World War II, many of the buildings that had survived in both East and West were demolished during the postwar period. After the reunification, many important heritage structures have been reconstructed, including the Forum Fridericianum along with the Berlin State Opera, Charlottenburg Palace, Gendarmenmarkt, Alte Kommandantur, as well as the City Palace. The tallest buildings in Berlin are spread across the urban area, with clusters at Potsdamer Platz, City West, and Alexanderplatz. Over 1⁄3 of the city's area consists of green and open space; the Großer Tiergarten, one of the largest and most popular parks in Berlin is located in the city centre."
    },
    {
      "title": "Architecture",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The Fernsehturm (TV tower) at Alexanderplatz in Mitte is among the tallest structures in the European Union at 368 m (1,207 ft). Built in 1969, it is visible throughout most of the central districts of Berlin. The city can be viewed from its 204-meter-high (669 ft) observation floor. Starting here, the Karl-Marx-Allee heads east, an avenue lined by monumental residential buildings, designed in the Socialist Classicism style. Adjacent to this area is the Rotes Rathaus (City Hall), with its distinctive red-brick architecture. In front of it is the Neptunbrunnen, a fountain featuring a mythological group of Tritons, personifications of the four main Prussian rivers, and Neptune on top of it. Nearby is the Nikolaiviertel, the reconstructed oldest settlement area in the city. The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany; it stands as a symbol of eventful European history and of unity and peace. The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament. It was remodeled by British architect Norman Foster in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to the parliamentary proceedings and magnificent views of the city. The East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last existing portions of the Berlin Wall. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division. The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. Two similarly designed cathedrals border it, the Französischer Dom with its observation platform and the Deutscher Dom. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals. The Museum Island in the River Spree houses five museums built from 1830 to 1930 and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all museums (James Simon Gallery), as well as reconstruction of the Berlin Palace (Stadtschloss) were completed. Also on the island and next to the Lustgarten and palace is Berlin Cathedral, emperor William II's ambitious attempt to create a Protestant counterpart to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. St. Hedwig's Cathedral is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral. Unter den Linden is a tree-lined east–west avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the Berlin Palace, and was once Berlin's premier promenade. Many Classical buildings line the street, and part of Humboldt University is there. Friedrichstraße was Berlin's legendary street during the Golden Twenties. It combines 20th-century traditions with the modern architecture of today's Berlin. Potsdamer Platz is an entire quarter built from scratch after the Wall came down. To the west of Potsdamer Platz is the Kulturforum, which houses the Gemäldegalerie, and is flanked by the Neue Nationalgalerie and the Berliner Philharmonie. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a Holocaust memorial, is to the north. The area around Hackescher Markt is home to fashionable culture, with countless clothing outlets, clubs, bars, and galleries. This includes the Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996. The nearby New Synagogue is the center of Jewish culture. The Straße des 17. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as the central east–west axis. Its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953. Approximately halfway from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938–39 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag. The Kurfürstendamm is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins. Nearby on Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store. The Rathaus Schöneberg, where John F. Kennedy made his famous \"Ich bin ein Berliner!\" speech, is in Tempelhof-Schöneberg. West of the center, Bellevue Palace is the residence of the German President. Charlottenburg Palace, which was burnt out in the Second World War, is the largest historical palace in Berlin. The Funkturm Berlin is a 150-meter-tall (490 ft) lattice radio tower in the fairground area, built between 1924 and 1926. It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators and has a restaurant 55 m (180 ft) and an observation deck 126 m (413 ft) above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator. The Oberbaumbrücke over the Spree river is Berlin's most iconic bridge, connecting the now-combined boroughs of Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg. It carries vehicles, pedestrians, and the U1 Berlin U-Bahn line. The bridge was completed in a brick gothic style in 1896, replacing the former wooden bridge with an upper deck for the U-Bahn. The center portion was demolished in 1945 to stop the Red Army from crossing. After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. In the mid-1950s, it was closed to vehicles, and after the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, pedestrian traffic was heavily restricted. Following German reunification, the center portion was reconstructed with a steel frame, and U-Bahn service resumed in 1995. Washingtonplatz is located in the Moabit area, on the southern side of Berlin central station, between the train station building and the Spree, linking the station to the parliament and government quarter. The square was refurbished in 2010-2013, covered in Silesian granite and landscaping features added. The 10-storey glass-clad office building known as Cube Berlin, completed in 2020, is on Washingtonplatz. Panorama of the Gendarmenmarkt, showing the Konzerthaus Berlin, flanked by the German Church (left) and French Church (right) James Simon Gallery Berlin Palace/Humboldt Forum The Berlin Cathedral at Museum Island The TV Tower (Berliner Fernsehturm) Brandenburg Gate at night Breitscheidplatz with Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is the center of City West. Schloss Charlottenburg, one of the largest palaces in the world View over Unter den Linden Reichstag building Nikolaiviertel, one of the oldest parts of Berlin Kurfürstendamm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Demographics",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "At the end of 2024 the city-state of Berlin had 3.897 million registered inhabitants, in an area of 891 km2 (344 sq mi). Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union. In 2021, the urban area of Berlin had a population of over 4.6 million inhabitants. As of 2019, the functional urban area was home to about 5.2 million people. The entire Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has a population of more than 6 million in an area of 30,546 km2 (11,794 sq mi). In 2014, the city-state Berlin had 37,368 live births (+7%), a record number since 1991. The number of deaths was 32,314. Almost 2 million households were counted in the city, of which 54% were inhabited by a single person. More than 337,000 families with children under the age of 18 lived in Berlin. In 2014, the German capital registered a migration surplus of approximately 40,000 people."
    },
    {
      "title": "Nationalities",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "National and international migration into the city has a long history. In 1685, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France, the city responded with the Edict of Potsdam, which guaranteed religious freedom and tax-free status to French Huguenot refugees for ten years. The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin. It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9 million to 4 million. Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s. Berlin is home to at least 180,000 Turkish and Turkish German residents, making it the largest Turkish community outside of Turkey. In the 1990s the Aussiedlergesetze enabled immigration to Germany of some residents from the former Soviet Union. Today ethnic Germans from countries of the former Soviet Union make up the largest portion of the Russian-speaking community. The last decade experienced an influx from various Western countries and some African regions. A portion of the African immigrants have settled in the Afrikanisches Viertel. Young Germans, EU-Europeans and Israelis have also settled in the city. In December 2019 there were 777,345 registered residents of foreign nationality and another 542,975 German citizens with a \"migration background\" (Migrationshintergrund, MH), meaning they or one of their parents immigrated to Germany after 1955. Foreign residents of Berlin originate from about 190 countries. 48 percent of the residents under the age of 15 have a migration background in 2017. Berlin in 2009 was estimated to have 100,000 to 250,000 unregistered inhabitants. Boroughs of Berlin with a significant number of migrants or foreign born population are Mitte, Neukölln and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. The number of Arabic speakers in Berlin could be higher than 150,000. There are at least 40,000 Berliners with Syrian citizenship, third only behind Turkish and Polish citizens. The 2015 refugee crisis made Berlin Europe's capital of Arab culture. Berlin is among the cities in Germany that received the biggest amount of refugees after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of November 2022, an estimated 85,000 Ukrainian refugees were registered in Berlin, making Berlin the most popular destination of Ukrainian refugees in Germany. Berlin has an active expatriate community, for instance increasingly students and highly skilled workers from India. Therefore, Berlin sustains a broad variety of English-based speakers. Speaking a particular type of English does attract prestige and cultural capital in Berlin."
    },
    {
      "title": "Languages",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin. It is a West Germanic language that derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. German is one of 24 languages of the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission. Berlinerisch or Berlinisch is not a dialect linguistically. It is spoken in Berlin and the surrounding metropolitan area. It originates from a Brandenburgish variant. The dialect is now seen more like a sociolect, largely through increased immigration and trends among the educated population to speak standard German in everyday life. The most commonly spoken foreign languages in Berlin are Turkish, Polish, English, Persian, Arabic, Italian, Bulgarian, Russian, Romanian, Kurdish, Serbo-Croatian, French, Spanish and Vietnamese. Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, and Serbo-Croatian are heard more often in the western part due to the large Middle Eastern and former-Yugoslavian communities. Polish, English, Russian, and Vietnamese have more native speakers in East Berlin."
    },
    {
      "title": "Religion",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Not religious/Atheist 72 (70.9%) EKD Protestants 15 (14.8%) Catholics 9 (8.87%) Islam 4 (3.94%) Jewish 1 (0.99%) Other 0.5 (0.49%) On the report of the 2011 census, approximately 37 percent of the population reported being members of a legally-recognized church or religious organization. The rest either did not belong to such an organization, or there was no information available about them. The largest religious denomination recorded in 2010 was the Protestant regional church body—the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO)—a united church. EKBO is a member of the Protestant Church in Germany (EKD) and of the Union of Protestant Churches in the EKD (UEK). According to the EKBO, their membership accounted for 19% of the local population, while the Roman Catholic Church had 9% of residents registered as its members. About 3% of the population identify with other Christian denominations (mostly Eastern Orthodox, but also various Protestants). According to the Berlin residents register, in 2018 15% were members of the Evangelical Church, and 9% were members of the Catholic Church. The government keeps a register of members of these churches for tax purposes, because it collects church tax on behalf of the churches. It does not keep records of members of other religious organizations which may collect their own church tax, in this way. In 2009, approximately 249,000 Muslims were reported by the Office of Statistics to be members of mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin, while in 2016, the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed Ramadan in Berlin. In 2019, about 437,000 registered residents, 12% of the total, reported having a migration background from one of the Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Between 1992 and 2011 the Muslim population almost doubled. About 1% of Berliners belong to other religions. Of the estimated population of 30,000–45,000 Jewish residents, approximately 12,000 are registered members of religious organizations. Berlin is the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Berlin and EKBO's elected chairperson is titled the bishop of EKBO. Furthermore, Berlin is the seat of many Orthodox cathedrals, such as the Cathedral of St. Boris the Baptist, one of the two seats of the Bulgarian Orthodox Diocese of Western and Central Europe, and the Resurrection of Christ Cathedral of the Diocese of Berlin (Patriarchate of Moscow). The faithful of the different religions and denominations maintain many places of worship in Berlin. The Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church has 8 parishes of different sizes in Berlin. There are 36 Baptist congregations (within Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany), 29 New Apostolic Churches, 15 United Methodist churches, 8 Free Evangelical Congregations, four Churches of Christ, Scientist (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 11th), 6 congregations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an Old Catholic church, and an Anglican church in Berlin. Berlin has more than 80 mosques, 10 synagogues, and 2 Buddhist as well as 4 Hindu temples. Berlin Cathedral St. Nicholas Church, Berlin New Synagogue Şehitlik Mosque St. Hedwig's Cathedral Blaschkoallee Sri-Mayurapathy-Murugan-Hindu temple"
    },
    {
      "title": "Government and politics",
      "level": 2
    },
    {
      "title": "City state",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Since German reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city-states among the present 16 states of Germany. The Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin (House of Representatives) functions as the city and state parliament, which has 141 seats. Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin). The Senate consists of the Governing Mayor of Berlin (Regierender Bürgermeister), and up to ten senators holding ministerial positions, two of them holding the title of \"Mayor\" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor. The total annual budget of Berlin in 2015 exceeded €24.5 ($30) billion including a budget surplus of €205 ($240) million. The state of Berlin owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies. The state of Berlin runs a real estate portal to advertise commercial spaces or land suitable for redevelopment. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election. From the 2016 state election until the 2023 state election, there was a coalition between the Social Democratic Party, the Greens and the Left Party. Since April 2023, the government has been formed by a coalition between the Christian Democrats and the Social Democrats. The Governing Mayor is simultaneously Lord Mayor of the City of Berlin (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and Minister President of the State of Berlin (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes). The office of the Governing Mayor is in the Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall). Since 2023, this office has been held by Kai Wegner of the Christian Democrats. He is the first conservative mayor in Berlin in more than two decades. Red Town Hall Charlottenburg Town Hall Rathaus Spandau"
    },
    {
      "title": "Boroughs",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin is subdivided into 12 boroughs or districts (Bezirke). Each borough has several subdistricts or neighborhoods (Ortsteile), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. These subdistricts became urbanized and incorporated into the city later on. Many residents strongly identify with their neighborhoods, colloquially called Kiez. At present, Berlin consists of 96 subdistricts, which are commonly made up of several smaller residential areas or quarters. Each borough is governed by a borough council (Bezirksamt) consisting of five councilors (Bezirksstadträte) including the borough's mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). The council is elected by the borough assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). However, the individual boroughs are not independent municipalities, but subordinate to the Senate of Berlin. The borough's mayors make up the council of mayors (Rat der Bürgermeister), which is led by the city's Governing Mayor and advises the Senate. The neighborhoods have no local government bodies."
    },
    {
      "title": "City partnerships",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin to this day maintains official partnerships with 17 cities. Town twinning between West Berlin and other cities began with its sister city Los Angeles, California, in 1967. East Berlin's partnerships were canceled at the time of German reunification."
    },
    {
      "title": "Capital city",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. The President of Germany, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the German constitution, has their official residence in Bellevue Palace. Berlin is the seat of the German Chancellor (Bundeskanzler), housed in the Chancellery building, the Bundeskanzleramt. Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government's relocation to Berlin in 1998. The Bundesrat (\"federal council\", performing the function of an upper house) is the representation of the 16 constituent states (Länder) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian House of Lords. The total annual federal budget managed by the German government exceeded €310 ($375) billion in 2013 and grew to over €524 ($606) billion in 2026 . The relocation of the federal government and Bundestag to Berlin was mostly completed in 1999. However, some ministries, as well as some minor departments, stayed in the federal city Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. Discussions about moving the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue. The Federal Foreign Office and the ministries and departments of Defense, Justice and Consumer Protection, Finance, Interior, Economic Affairs and Energy, Labor and Social Affairs, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Food and Agriculture, Economic Cooperation and Development, Health, Transport and Digital Infrastructure and Education and Research are based in the capital."
    },
    {
      "title": "Embassies",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin hosts in total 158 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many think tanks, trade unions, nonprofit organizations, lobbying groups, and professional associations. Frequent official visits and diplomatic consultations among governmental representatives and national leaders are common in contemporary Berlin."
    },
    {
      "title": "Economy",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "In 2025, Berlin's GDP amounted to €218.3 billion and grew by 1.1% in real terms from the previous year. Between 2013 and 2025, Berlin's annual real GDP growth exceeded the national rate in every year, with the service sector providing the main contribution to growth. Berlin's unemployment rate declined from its peak of 18.3% in 2005 to 7.8% in 2019. It rose during the COVID-19 pandemic and, after a temporary decline in 2022, increased to an annual average of 10.3% in 2025. Important economic sectors in Berlin include life sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, hotel business, and medical engineering. Research and development have economic significance for the city. Several major corporations like Volkswagen, Pfizer, and SAP operate innovation laboratories in the city. The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue. Within the eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments."
    },
    {
      "title": "Companies",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders. In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe. Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, largest railway company in the world, the hospital providers Charité and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens and Deutsche Telekom. Siemens, a Global 500 and DAX-listed company is partly headquartered in Berlin. Other DAX-listed companies headquartered in Berlin are the property company Deutsche Wohnen, the online fashion retailer Zalando and the online food delivery service Delivery Hero. The national railway operator Deutsche Bahn, Europe's largest digital publisher Axel Springer as well as the MDAX-listed firm HelloFresh and also have their main headquarters in the city. Among the largest international corporations who have their German or European headquarters in Berlin are Bombardier Transportation, Securing Energy for Europe, Coca-Cola, Pfizer, Sony and TotalEnergies. As of 2023, Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, a network of public banks that together form the largest financial services group in Germany and in all of Europe, is headquartered in Berlin. The Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken has its headquarters in Berlin, managing around 1.2 trillion euros. The three largest banks in the capital are Deutsche Kreditbank, Landesbank Berlin and Berlin Hyp. Mercedes-Benz Group manufactures cars, and BMW builds motorcycles in Berlin. In 2022, American electric car manufacturer Tesla opened its first European Gigafactory outside the city borders in Grünheide (Mark), Brandenburg. The Pharmaceuticals division of Bayer and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies in the city."
    },
    {
      "title": "Tourism and conventions",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin had 788 hotels with 134,399 beds in 2014. The city recorded 28.7 million overnight hotel stays and 11.9 million hotel guests in 2014. Tourism figures have more than doubled within the last ten years and Berlin has become the 3rd-most-visited city destination in Europe. Some of the most visited places in Berlin include: Potsdamer Platz, Brandenburger Tor, the Berlin wall, Alexanderplatz, Museumsinsel, Fernsehturm, the East-Side Gallery, Schloss-Charlottenburg, Zoologischer Garten, Siegessäule, Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer, Mauerpark, Botanical Garden, Französischer Dom, Deutscher Dom and Holocaust-Mahnmal. The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States. According to figures from the International Congress and Convention Association in 2015, Berlin became the leading organizer of conferences globally, hosting 195 international meetings. Some of these congress events take place on venues such as CityCube Berlin or the Berlin Congress Center (bcc). The Messe Berlin (also known as Berlin ExpoCenter City) is the main convention organizing company in the city. Its main exhibition area covers more than 160,000 square meters (1,722,226 sq ft). Several large-scale trade fairs like the consumer electronics trade fair IFA, where the first practical audio tape recorder and the first completely electronic television system were first introduced to the public, the ILA Berlin Air Show, the Berlin Fashion Week (including the Premium Berlin and the Panorama Berlin), the Green Week, the Fruit Logistica, the transport fair InnoTrans, the tourism fair ITB and the adult entertainment and erotic fair Venus are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors."
    },
    {
      "title": "Creative industries",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The creative arts and entertainment business is an important part of Berlin's economy. The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software, TV, radio, and video games. In 2014, around 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, predominantly SMEs. Generating a revenue of 15.6 billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year. Berlin is an important European and German film industry hub. It is home to more than 1,000 film and television production companies, 270 movie theaters, and around 300 national and international co-productions are filmed in the region every year. The historic Babelsberg Studios and the production company UFA are adjacent to Berlin in Potsdam. The city is also home of the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the European Film Academy, founded in 1988."
    },
    {
      "title": "Media",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. In addition, around 20 news agencies, more than 90 regional daily newspapers and their websites, as well as the Berlin offices of more than 22 national publications such as Der Spiegel, and Die Zeit reinforce the capital's position as Germany's epicenter for influential debate. Therefore, many international journalists, bloggers, and writers live and work in the city. Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations. The public broadcaster RBB has its headquarters in Berlin as well as the commercial broadcasters MTV Europe and Welt. German international public broadcaster Deutsche Welle has its TV production unit in Berlin, and most national German broadcasters have a studio in the city, including ZDF and RTL. Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local broadsheets (Berliner Morgenpost, Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel), and three major tabloids, as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as Die Welt, Neues Deutschland, and Die Tageszeitung. The Berliner, a monthly magazine, is Berlin's English-language periodical and La Gazette de Berlin a French-language newspaper. Berlin is also home to several major German-language publishing houses, including Walter de Gruyter, Springer, Suhrkamp, and Cornelsen."
    },
    {
      "title": "Quality of life",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "In a 2023 European Commission survey, 86% of respondents in Berlin were satisfied with the city as a place to live. The survey also found that 83% were satisfied with their personal job situation. In the 2025 Global Power City Index, Berlin ranked fourth in the livability category among 48 cities. The category covers working conditions, the cost of living, safety, health and well-being, and access to everyday services and amenities. Berlin's 2025 Social Report, which covers developments through 2023, found that around 20% of residents were at risk of poverty. It also found that a similar share of households spent at least 40% of their income on rent and associated charges."
    },
    {
      "title": "Transport",
      "level": 2
    },
    {
      "title": "Airports",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin is served by Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER), an international airport in Schönefeld, Brandenburg, located just outside Berlin's south-eastern border. Construction began in 2006, and the airport opened in October 2020 after extensive delays and cost overruns, consolidating commercial air traffic from Tegel Airport and Schönefeld Airport at a single site. In 2025, BER handled 26.1 million passengers and was Germany's third-busiest airport. The airport can be further expanded to accommodate up to 55 million passengers annually by 2040. BER Airport station, located beneath Terminal 1, is served by the Berlin S-Bahn, regional and long-distance trains, and the Airport Express (FEX). Since December 2025, the FEX has connected the airport with Berlin Hauptbahnhof in approximately 23 minutes. Until its closure in 2008, Berlin was also served by Tempelhof Airport. Its former airfield opened as the public park Tempelhofer Feld in 2010."
    },
    {
      "title": "Roads",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin's transport infrastructure provides a diverse range of urban mobility. A total of 979 bridges cross 197 km (122 miles) the inner-city waterways. Berlin roads total 5,422 km (3,369 miles) of which 77 km (48 miles) are motorways (known as Autobahn). In 2013 only 1.344 million motor vehicles were registered in the city. With 377 cars per 1000 residents in 2013 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a Western global city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita."
    },
    {
      "title": "Rail",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Long-distance rail lines directly connect Berlin with all of the major cities of Germany. The regional rail lines of the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg provide access to Brandenburg and to the Baltic Sea. The Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Berlin Central Station) is the largest grade-separated railway station in Europe. The Deutsche Bahn runs the high speed Intercity-Express (ICE) to domestic destinations, including Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Stuttgart, and Frankfurt am Main."
    },
    {
      "title": "Water transport",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The Spree and the Havel rivers cross Berlin. There are no frequent passenger connections to and from Berlin by water. Berlin's largest inland port, the Westhafen, is located in the district of Moabit. It is a transhipment and storage site for inland shipping with a growing importance."
    },
    {
      "title": "Intercity buses",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "There is an increasing quantity of intercity bus services. Berlin city has more than 10 stations that run buses to destinations throughout Berlin. Destinations in Germany and Europe are connected via the intercity bus exchange Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin."
    },
    {
      "title": "Urban public transport",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) and the German State-owned Deutsche Bahn (DB) manage several extensive urban public transport systems. Public transport in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th-century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served. Since 1989, the transport network has been developed extensively. However, it still contains early 20th century trains, such as the U1."
    },
    {
      "title": "Cycling",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin is well known for its highly developed bicycle lane system. It is estimated that Berlin has 710 bicycles per 1,000 residents. Around 500,000 daily bike riders accounted for 13% of total traffic in 2010. Cyclists in Berlin have access to 620 km of bicycle paths including approximately 150 km of mandatory bicycle paths, 190 km of off-road bicycle routes, 60 km of bicycle lanes on roads, 70 km of shared bus lanes which are also open to cyclists, 100 km of combined pedestrian/bike paths and 50 km of marked bicycle lanes on roadside pavements or sidewalks. Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on Regionalbahn (RE), S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased."
    },
    {
      "title": "Taxicabs",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Taxicabs in Berlin are yellow or beige. In 2024, around 8,000 taxicabs were in service. Like in most of Europe, app-based sharing cab services are available but limited."
    },
    {
      "title": "Energy",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Most of the electricity generated in Berlin comes from combined heat and power (CHP) plants, which also supply the city's district heating networks. Berlin is a net importer of electricity and draws power from neighboring Brandenburg, particularly during summer, when local CHP plants operate at reduced output. The Berlin 380-kV electric line, which crosses the city from Spandau to Marzahn, forms a central part of the city's transmission network. Its connection to the regional grid in 1994 ended West Berlin's operation as a power island. BEW Berliner Energie und Wärme, owned by the state of Berlin since 2024, operates several major CHP plants and the city's largest district heating network, which supplies about one third of Berlin's households. Its largest plants are the coal-fired Reuter West power station and the natural gas-fired Berlin-Mitte power station. Electricity generation from renewable sources in the city is growing, driven particularly by photovoltaics. By the end of 2025, Berlin had 55,861 photovoltaic installations with a combined capacity of 487 MWp. Their estimated annual generation was about 438 GWh, equivalent to approximately 6% of Berlin’s gross electricity generation. Berlin's climate legislation requires the Senate to work toward a phase-out of hard coal by 2030."
    },
    {
      "title": "Health",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Berlin has a long history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology. The modern history of medicine has been significantly influenced by scientists from Berlin. Rudolf Virchow was the founder of cellular pathology, while Robert Koch developed vaccines for anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis. For his life's work Koch is seen as one of the founders of modern medicine. The Charité complex (Universitätsklinik Charité) is the largest university hospital in Europe, tracing back its origins to the year 1710. More than half of all German Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, including Emil von Behring, Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich, have worked at the Charité. The Charité is spread over four campuses and comprises around 3,000 beds, 15,500 staff, 8,000 students, and more than 60 operating theaters, and it has a turnover of two billion euros annually."
    },
    {
      "title": "Education and research",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "As of 2014, Berlin had 878 schools, teaching 340,658 students in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere. The city has a 6-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students continue to the Sekundarschule (a comprehensive school) or Gymnasium (college preparatory school). Berlin has a special bilingual school program in the Europaschule, in which children are taught the curriculum in German and a foreign language, starting in primary school and continuing in high school. The Französisches Gymnasium Berlin, which was founded in 1689 to teach the children of Huguenot refugees, offers (German/French) instruction. The John F. Kennedy School, a bilingual German–American public school in Zehlendorf, is particularly popular with children of diplomats and the English-speaking expatriate community. 82 Gymnasien teach Latin and 8 teach Classical Greek."
    },
    {
      "title": "Higher education",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in Germany and Europe. Historically, 67 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Berlin-based universities. The city has four public research universities and more than 30 private, professional, and technical colleges (Hochschulen), offering a wide range of disciplines. A record number of 175,651 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2015/16. Among them around 18% have an international background. The three largest universities combined have approximately 103,000 enrolled students. There are the Freie Universität Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) with about 33,000 students, the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) with 35,000 students, and Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) with 35,000 students. The Charité Medical School has around 8,000 students. The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charité make up the Berlin University Alliance, which has received funding from the Excellence Strategy program of the German government. The Universität der Künste (UdK) has about 4,000 students and ESMT Berlin is only one of four business schools in Germany with triple accreditation. The Hertie School, a private public policy school located in Mitte, has more than 900 students and doctoral students. The Berlin School of Economics and Law has an enrollment of about 11,000 students, the Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology of about 12,000 students, and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics) of about 14,000 students."
    },
    {
      "title": "Research",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the DLR Institute for Planetary Research, the Leibniz Association, the Helmholtz Association, and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities. In 2012, around 65,000 professional scientists were working in research and development in the city. Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities (KIC) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The KIC is based at the Center for Entrepreneurship at TU Berlin and has a focus in the development of IT industries. It partners with major multinational companies such as Siemens, Deutsche Telekom, and SAP. One of Europe's successful research, business and technology clusters is based at WISTA in Berlin-Adlershof, with more than 1,000 affiliated firms, university departments and scientific institutions. In addition to the university-affiliated libraries, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin is a major research library. Its two main locations are on Potsdamer Straße and on Unter den Linden. There are also 86 public libraries in the city. ResearchGate, a global social networking site for scientists, is based in Berlin."
    },
    {
      "title": "Culture",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Berlin is known for its numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation. The diversity and vivacity of the metropolis led to a trendsetting atmosphere. An innovative music, dance and art scene has developed in the 21st century. Young people, international artists and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Berlin a popular entertainment center in the world. The expanding cultural performance of the city was underscored by the relocation of the Universal Music Group who decided to move their headquarters to the banks of the River Spree. In 2005, Berlin was named \"City of Design\" by UNESCO and has been part of the Creative Cities Network ever since."
    },
    {
      "title": "Galleries and museums",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "As of 2011 Berlin is home to 138 museums and more than 400 art galleries. The ensemble on the Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is in the northern part of the Spree Island between the Spree and the Kupfergraben. As early as 1841 it was designated a \"district dedicated to art and antiquities\" by a royal decree. Subsequently, the Altes Museum was built in the Lustgarten. The Neues Museum, which displays the bust of Queen Nefertiti, Alte Nationalgalerie, Pergamon Museum, and Bode Museum were built there. Apart from the Museum Island, there are many additional museums in the city. The Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) focuses on the paintings of the \"old masters\" from the 13th to the 18th centuries, while the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery, built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) specializes in 20th-century European painting. The Hamburger Bahnhof, in Moabit, exhibits a major collection of modern and contemporary art. The expanded Deutsches Historisches Museum reopened in the Zeughaus with an overview of German history spanning more than a millennium. The Bauhaus Archive is a museum of 20th-century design from the famous Bauhaus school. Museum Berggruen houses the collection of noted 20th century collector Heinz Berggruen, and features an extensive assortment of works by Picasso, Matisse, Cézanne, and Giacometti, among others. The Kupferstichkabinett Berlin (Museum of Prints and Drawings) is part of the Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin (Berlin State Museums) and the Kulturforum at Potsdamer Platz in the Tiergarten district of Berlin's Mitte district. It is the largest museum of the graphic arts in Germany and at the same time one of the four most important collections of its kind in the world. The collection includes Friedrich Gilly's design for the monument to Frederick II of Prussia. Berlin hosts several major institutions dedicated to photography, reflecting the city's historical and contemporary engagement with the medium. The Museum für Fotografie, part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin and home to the Helmut Newton Foundation, presents historical and contemporary photographic works alongside the permanent exhibition Helmut Newton's Private Property. Fotografiska Berlin, opened in 2023 in the Kunsthaus Tacheles, focuses on modern and contemporary photography through showcasing local and international photographers alongside public programming. C/O Berlin, located in the Amerika Haus near Zoologischer Garten, is a leading exhibition space for photography and visual media, known for showcasing both established and emerging photographers. Photography also plays a significant role within broader institutions such as the Berlinische Galerie, which integrates photography into its presentation of modern art, and the Kunstbibliothek Berlin, which holds an extensive photographic archive. Additional venues such as the Friedrichshain Photo Gallery contribute to the city's documentary and socially engaged photographic culture. The Jewish Museum has a standing exhibition on two millennia of German-Jewish history. The German Museum of Technology in Kreuzberg has a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin's natural history museum) exhibits natural history near Berlin Hauptbahnhof. It has the largest mounted dinosaur in the world (a Giraffatitan skeleton). A well-preserved specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex and the early bird Archaeopteryx are at display as well. In Dahlem, there are several museums of world art and culture, such as the Museum of Asian Art, the Ethnological Museum, the Museum of European Cultures, as well as the Allied Museum. The Brücke Museum features one of the largest collection of works by artist of the early 20th-century expressionist movement. In Lichtenberg, on the grounds of the former East German Ministry for State Security, is the Stasi Museum. The site of Checkpoint Charlie, one of the most renowned crossing points of the Berlin Wall, is still preserved. A private museum venture exhibits a comprehensive documentation of detailed plans and strategies devised by people who tried to flee from the East. The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum claimed to be the largest erotic museum in the world until it closed in 2014. The cityscape of Berlin displays large quantities of urban street art. It has become a significant part of the city's cultural heritage and has its roots in the graffiti scene of Kreuzberg of the 1980s. The Berlin Wall itself has become one of the largest open-air canvasses in the world. The leftover stretch along the Spree river in Friedrichshain remains as the East Side Gallery. Berlin today is consistently rated as an important world city for street art culture. Berlin has galleries which are quite rich in contemporary art. Located in Mitte, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, KOW, Sprüth Magers; Kreuzberg there are a few galleries as well such as Blain Southern, Esther Schipper, Future Gallery, König Gallerie."
    },
    {
      "title": "Nightlife and festivals",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin's nightlife has been celebrated as one of the most diverse and vibrant of its kind. In the 1970s and 80s, the SO36 in Kreuzberg was a center for punk music and culture. The SOUND and the Dschungel gained notoriety. Throughout the 1990s, people in their 20s from all over the world, particularly those in Western and Central Europe, made Berlin's club scene a premier nightlife venue. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and re-built by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and counterculture gatherings. The central boroughs are home to many nightclubs, including the Tresor and the Berghain. The KitKatClub and several other locations are known for their sexually uninhibited parties. Clubs are not required to close at a fixed time during the weekends, and many parties last well into the morning or even all weekend, including near Alexanderplatz. Several venues have become a popular stage for the Neo-Burlesque scene. Berlin has a long history of gay culture, and is an important birthplace of the LGBT rights movement. Same-sex bars and dance halls operated freely as early as the 1880s, and the first gay magazine, Der Eigene, started in 1896. By the 1920s, gays and lesbians had an unprecedented visibility. Today, in addition to a positive atmosphere in the wider club scene, the city again has a huge number of queer clubs and festivals. The most famous and largest are Berlin Pride, the Christopher Street Day, the Lesbian and Gay City Festival in Berlin-Schöneberg, the Kreuzberg Pride. The annual Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) with around 500,000 admissions is considered to be the largest publicly attended film festival in the world. The Karneval der Kulturen (Carnival of Cultures), a multi-ethnic street parade, is celebrated every Pentecost weekend. Berlin is also well known for the cultural festival Berliner Festspiele, which includes the jazz festival JazzFest Berlin, and Young Euro Classic, the largest international festival of youth orchestras in the world. Several technology and media art festivals and conferences are held in the city, including Transmediale and Chaos Communication Congress. The annual Berlin Festival focuses on indie rock, electronic music and synthpop and is part of the International Berlin Music Week. Every year Berlin hosts one of the largest New Year's Eve celebrations in the world, attended by well over a million people. The focal point is the Brandenburg Gate, where midnight fireworks are centered, but various private fireworks displays take place throughout the entire city. Partygoers in Germany often toast the New Year with a glass of sparkling wine. The Berlinale is the world's largest international spectator film festival. The French Cathedral during the annual Festival of Lights Hanukkah festival at the Brandenburg Gate"
    },
    {
      "title": "Performing arts",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Berlin is home to 44 theaters and stages. The Deutsches Theater in Mitte was built in 1849–50 and has operated almost continuously since then. The Volksbühne at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz was built in 1913–14, though the company had been founded in 1890. The Berliner Ensemble, famous for performing the works of Bertolt Brecht, was established in 1949. The Schaubühne was founded in 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfürstendamm in 1981. With a seating capacity of 1,895 and a stage floor of 2,854 square meters (30,720 sq ft), the Friedrichstadt-Palast in Berlin Mitte is the largest show palace in Europe. For Berlin's independent dance and theatre scene, venues such as the Sophiensäle in Mitte and the three houses of the Hebbel am Ufer (HAU) in Kreuzberg are important. Most productions there are also accessible to an English-speaking audience. Some of the dance and theatre groups that also work internationally (Gob Squad, Rimini Protokoll) are based there, as well as festivals such as the international festival Dance in August. Berlin has three opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper. The Berlin State Opera on Unter den Linden opened in 1742 and is the oldest of the three. Its musical director is Daniel Barenboim. The Komische Oper has traditionally specialized in operettas and is also at Unter den Linden. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built in 1895). Contemporary dance can be seen at the Radialsystem V. The Tempodrom is host to concerts and circus-inspired entertainment. It also houses a multi-sensory spa experience. The Admiralspalast in Mitte has a vibrant program of variety and music events. There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra is one of the preeminent orchestras in the world; it is housed in the Berliner Philharmonie near Potsdamer Platz on a street named for the orchestra's longest-serving conductor, Herbert von Karajan. Simon Rattle was its principal conductor from 1999 to 2018, a position now held by Kirill Petrenko. The Konzerthausorchester Berlin was founded in 1952 as the orchestra for East Berlin. Christoph Eschenbach is its principal conductor. The Haus der Kulturen der Welt presents exhibitions dealing with intercultural issues and stages world music and conferences. The Kookaburra and the Quatsch Comedy Club are known for satire and comedy shows. In 2018, the New York Times described Berlin as \"arguably the world capital of underground electronic music\"."
    },
    {
      "title": "Cuisine",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "The cuisine and culinary offerings of Berlin vary greatly. 23 restaurants in Berlin have been awarded one or more Michelin stars in the Michelin Guide of 2021, which ranks the city at the top for the number of restaurants having this distinction in Germany. Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian and vegan cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week. Many local foods originated from north German culinary traditions and include rustic and hearty dishes with pork, goose, fish, peas, beans, cucumbers, or potatoes. Typical Berliner fare include popular street food like the Currywurst (which gained popularity with postwar construction workers rebuilding the city), Buletten and the Berliner donut, known in Berlin as Pfannkuchen (German: [ˈp͡fanˌkuːxn̩] ⓘ). German bakeries offering a variety of breads and pastries are widespread. One of Europe's largest delicatessen markets is found at the KaDeWe, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is Rausch. Berlin is also home to a diverse gastronomy scene reflecting the immigrant history of the city. Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the lahmacun and falafel, which have become common fast food staples. The modern fast-food version of the doner kebab sandwich which evolved in Berlin in the 1970s, has since become a favorite dish in Germany and elsewhere in the world. Asian cuisine like Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Indian, Korean, and Japanese restaurants, as well as Spanish tapas bars, Italian, and Greek cuisine, can be found in many parts of the city."
    },
    {
      "title": "Recreation",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844. It is the most visited zoo in Europe and presents the most diverse range of species in the world. It was the home of the captive-born celebrity polar bear Knut. The city's other zoo, Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, was founded in 1955. Berlin's Botanischer Garten includes the Botanic Museum Berlin. With an area of 43 hectares (110 acres) and around 22,000 different plant species, it is one of the largest and most diverse collections of botanical life in the world. Other gardens in the city include the Britzer Garten, and the Gärten der Welt (Gardens of the World) in Marzahn. The Tiergarten park in Mitte, with landscape design by Peter Joseph Lenné, is one of Berlin's largest and most popular parks. In Kreuzberg, the Viktoriapark provides a viewing point over the southern part of inner-city Berlin. Treptower Park, beside the Spree in Treptow, features a large Soviet War Memorial. The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema and several sports areas. Tempelhofer Feld, the site of the former city airport, is the world's largest inner-city open space. Potsdam is on the southwestern periphery of Berlin. The city was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser until 1918. The area around Potsdam, in particular Sanssouci, is known for a series of interconnected lakes and cultural landmarks. The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin are the largest World Heritage Site in Germany. Berlin is also well known for its numerous cafés, street musicians, beach bars along the Spree River, flea markets, boutique shops and pop-up stores, which provide recreation and leisure opportunities. The Elephant Gate at the Berlin Zoo The Victory Column in Tiergarten Inside Tiergarten (park) Inside Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sports",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Berlin has established a high-profile as a host city of major international sporting events. The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final. The World Athletics Championships was held at Olympiastadion in 2009. The city hosted the Euroleague Final Four basketball competition in 2009 and 2016, and was one of the hosts of FIBA EuroBasket 2015. In 2015 Berlin was the venue for the UEFA Champions League Final. The city bid to host the 2000 Summer Olympics but lost to Sydney. Berlin hosted the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games. This is the first time Germany has ever hosted the Special Olympics World Games. The annual Berlin Marathon – a course that holds the most top-10 world record runs – and the ISTAF are well-established athletic events in the city. The Mellowpark in Köpenick is one of the biggest skate and BMX parks in Europe. A fan fest at Brandenburg Gate, which attracts several hundreds of thousands of spectators, has become popular during international football competitions, such as the UEFA European Championship. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, who is often hailed as the \"father of modern gymnastics\", invented the horizontal bar, parallel bars, rings, and the vault around 1811 in Berlin. Jahn's Turners movement, first realized at Volkspark Hasenheide, was the origin of modern sports clubs. In 2013, around 600,000 Berliners were registered in one of the more than 2,300 sport and fitness clubs. The city of Berlin operates more than 60 public indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Berlin is the largest Olympic training center in Germany, with around 500 top athletes (15% of all German top athletes) being based there. 47 elite athletes participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Berliners would achieve 7 gold, 12 silver, and 3 bronze medals. Several professional clubs representing the most important spectator team sports in Germany are based in Berlin. The oldest and most popular first-division team based in Berlin is the football club Hertha BSC. The team represented Berlin as a founding member of the Bundesliga in 1963. Other professional team sport clubs include:"
    },
    {
      "title": "See also",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "List of fiction set in Berlin List of honorary citizens of Berlin List of people from Berlin List of songs about Berlin"
    },
    {
      "title": "References",
      "level": 2
    },
    {
      "title": "Notes",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "↑ English: /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ⓘ bur-LIN; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] ⓘ."
    },
    {
      "title": "Citations",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "1 2 3 \"Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken\". Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2019. ↑ www.zensus2022.de*\"Release of results (Census 15.05.2022)\". destatis.de. Federal Statistical Office of Germany. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025. www.zensus2022.de*\"Release of results (Census 15.05.2022)\". destatis.de. Federal Statistical Office of Germany. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025. 1 2 \"Population by nationality and federal states\". destatis.de. Federal Statistical Office of Germany. 10 January 2025. Retrieved 22 January 2025. 1 2 3 \"Germany: Urban Agglomerations\". citypopulation.de. CityPopulation. Retrieved 22 January 2025. ↑ \"Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung\" [Gross domestic product, gross value added]. statistikportal.de (in German). 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    },
    {
      "title": "Sources",
      "level": 3,
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    },
    {
      "title": "External links",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "berlin.de – official website Geographic data related to Berlin at OpenStreetMap"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "1230s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire",
    "1237 establishments in Europe",
    "Berlin",
    "Capital cities in Europe",
    "City-states",
    "East Germany (Region)",
    "German state capitals",
    "Holocaust locations in Germany",
    "Members of the Hanseatic League",
    "NUTS 2 statistical regions of Germany",
    "NUTS 3 statistical regions of the European Union",
    "Populated places established in the 13th century",
    "States of Germany",
    "Subnational enclaves and exclaves",
    "Turkish communities outside Turkey"
  ],
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